Das L3S ist ein Forschungszentrum für grundlagen- und anwendungsorientierte Forschung im Bereich Digitale Transformation sowie Data- und Web-Science. L3S-Forscher entwickeln zukunftsweisende Methoden und Informationstechnologien für intelligente, zuverlässige und verantwortungsvolle Systeme, welche zur Gestaltung der digitalen Transformation und zur nachhaltigen Innovation beitragen. Der Wissentransfer in Wirtschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft bildet einen zentralen Baustein der Aktivitäten des L3S.

Das L3S erforscht die Auswirkungen des digitalen Wandels, um aus den Erkenntnissen Handlungsoptionen, -empfehlungen sowie Innovationsstrategien für die Wirtschaft, die Politik und Gesellschaft herzuleiten. Durch Forschung, Entwicklung und Beratung trägt das L3S gemeinsam mit seinen Partnern zur digitalen Transformation insbesondere in den Bereichen Mobilität, Gesundheit, Produktion und Bildung bei.

Das L3S ist eine gemeinsame Einrichtung der Leibniz Universität Hannover und der Technischen Universität Braunschweig mit rund 150 Wissenschaftlern aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen an Universitäten und einem Leibniz-Institut (der TIB). Das aktuelle jährliche Drittmittelvolumen des L3S beträgt etwa 6 Mio. Euro, Niedersachsen fördert das L3S zusätzlich mit jährlich etwa 2 Mio. Euro. Das L3S wurde 2011 und 2014 vom Wissenschaftsrat als exzellente Einrichtung evaluiert, führend im Bereich Web Science.

• A Non-Invasive Smart Sensing of Text Neck Syndrome Using SDR Technology. Khattak, Abdul Basit; Tanoli, Shujaat Ali Khan; Khan, Muhammad Bilal; Mustafa, Ali; Ullah, Farman; Kwak, Daehan; López, Onel L. Alcaraz (2025). 631–636.
• Speculative Probe Items to Capture Fluid Religious and Spiritual Belonging in HCI. Papenfuß, Nathalie; Wolf, Sara (2025).

  With this submission, we respond to the workshop’s theme of fluidity and explore how religious and/or spiritual (R/S) belonging might be captured in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) projects that take R/S fluidity seriously. We make a case for probes as a useful approach and present speculative examples of potential probe items to capture fluid R/S belonging. The examples are rooted in an ongoing interdisciplinary project between Protestant theology and HCI, SoulMate, that explores ways to support young adults in navigating existential questions.
• Location-based Probabilistic Load Forecasting of Electric Vehicle Charging Sites: Deep Transfer Learning with Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network. Ali, Mohammad Wazed; Mustafa, Mohammad Asif Ibna; Shuvo, Md. Aukerul Moin; Sick, Bernhard (2025).

  Electrification of vehicles is a potential way of reducing fossil fuel usage and thus lessening environmental pollution. Electric Vehicles (EVs) of various types for different transport modes (including air, water, and land) are evolving. Moreover, different EV user groups (commuters, commercial or domestic users, drivers) may use different charging infrastructures (public, private, home, and workplace) at various times. Therefore, usage patterns and energy demand are very stochastic. Characterizing and forecasting the charging demand of these diverse EV usage profiles is essential in preventing power outages. Previously developed data-driven load models are limited to specific use cases and locations. None of these models is simultaneously adaptive enough to transfer knowledge of day-ahead forecasting among EV charging sites of diverse locations, trained with limited data, and cost-effective. This article presents a location-based load forecasting of EV charging sites using a deep Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network (MQ-TCN) to overcome the limitations of earlier models. We conducted our experiments on data from four charging sites, namely Caltech, JPL, Office-1, and NREL, which have diverse EV user types like students, full-time and part-time employees, random visitors, etc. With a Prediction Interval Coverage Probability (PICP) score of 93.62%, our proposed deep MQ-TCN model exhibited a remarkable 28.93% improvement over the XGBoost model for a day-ahead load forecasting at the JPL charging site. By transferring knowledge with the inductive Transfer Learning (TL) approach, the MQ-TCN model achieved a 96.88% PICP score for the load forecasting task at the NREL site using only two weeks of data.
• Learning Topology Actions for Power Grid Control: A Graph-Based Soft-Label Imitation Learning Approach. Hassouna, Mohamed; Holzhüter, Clara; Lehna, Malte; de Jong, Matthijs; Viebahn, Jan; Sick, Bernhard; Scholz, Christoph (2025).

  The rising proportion of renewable energy in the electricity mix introduces significant operational challenges for power grid operators. Effective power grid management demands adaptive decision-making strategies capable of handling dynamic conditions. With the increase in complexity, more and more Deep Learning (DL) approaches have been proposed to find suitable grid topologies for congestion management. In this work, we contribute to this research by introducing a novel Imitation Learning (IL) approach that leverages soft labels derived from simulated topological action outcomes, thereby capturing multiple viable actions per state. Unlike traditional IL methods that rely on hard labels to enforce a single optimal action, our method constructs soft labels that capture the effectiveness of actions that prove suitable in resolving grid congestion. To further enhance decision-making, we integrate Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to encode the structural properties of power grids, ensuring that the topology-aware representations contribute to better agent performance. Our approach significantly outperforms its hard-label counterparts as well as state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) baseline agents. Most notably, it achieves a 17% better performance compared to the greedy expert agent from which the imitation targets were derived.
• Causal Latency Modelling for Cloud Microservices. Lohse, Christopher; Tsutsumi, Diego; Ba, Amadou; Harsha, Pavithra; Subramanian, Chitra; Straesser, Martin; Ruffini, Marco (2025).
• Geometrically Inspired Kernel Machines for Collaborative Learning Beyond Gradient Descent. Kumar, Mohit; Valentinitsch, Alexander; Fuchs, Magdalena; Brucker, Mathias; Bowles, Juliana; Husakovic, Adnan; Abbas, Ali; Moser, Bernhard A. (2025). 83
• Advancing AI Adoption in SMEs: A Framework for Nascent AI Strategy Development. Markic, Mihael; Webster, Samantha; van der Staay, Alexander; Bäßmann, Felix N.; Janiesch, Christian; Poeppelbuss, Jens (2025).
• Finger flutings at New Guinea II Cave, lower Snowy River valley (Victoria), GunaiKurnai country. Kelly, Madeleine; David, Bruno; Rivero Vilá, Olivia; Garate Maidagan, Diego; Delannoy, Jean-Jacques; Mullett, Russell; Birkett-Rees, Jessie; Petchey, Fiona; Barker, Aoife; Arnold, Lee J.; Green, Helen; Fresløv, Joanna (2025). 1–31.

  ?Finger flutings?, the marks made when people run their fingers along soft cave walls and ceilings, are typically found in limestone caves. Such marks capture a momentary impression of engagement with a place: old (archaeological) finger flutings mark the gestures of people past (in Australia, often referred to as the ?Old Ancestors?) as they ventured into the depths of caves. In Australia, finger flutings are rare and spread across the southern half of the continent. As shallow three-dimensional impressions, they are sometimes difficult to discern, difficult to photograph, and difficult to record, especially where they have undergone weathering or erosion. In this paper, we present the results of new, high-definition photogrammetric recordings of the finger flutings from New Guinea II Cave, located on the west bank of the Snowy River in GunaiKurnai Country, East Gippsland, Victoria. While finger flutings have largely been overlooked in archaeological discussions of Australian Aboriginal rock art, recent methodological developments, especially in three-dimensional photogrammetric techniques, have enhanced our ability to record and analyse finger flutings in unprecedented levels of detail. Here we demonstrate how a detail-oriented and systematic digital recording, analysis and visualisation of finger flutings can provide meaningful insights into ancestral GunaiKurnai gestures, engagements and intentions deep in New Guinea II Cave?s underground spaces, beyond the reach of sunlight. We found that the finger flutings only occur on and immediately adjacent to parts of the soft wall covered with tiny calcite crystals that glitter in dim artificial light, and conclude that the finger grooves were probably made to touch (the power of) the glittering crystals, as per the wont of mulla-mullung medicine men and women documented in local nineteenth century GunaiKurnai ethnography.
• Large-scale processing of within-bone nutrients by Neanderthals, 125,000 years ago. Kindler, Lutz; Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine; Scherjon, Fulco; Garcia-Moreno, Alejandro; Smith, Geoff M.; Pop, Eduard; Speth, John D.; Roebroeks, Wil (2025). 11(27) eadv1257-.

  Diet played a key role in human evolution, making the study of past diet and subsistence strategies a crucial research topic within paleoanthropology. Lipids are a crucial resource for hunter-gatherers, especially for foragers whose diet is based heavily on animal foods. Recent foragers have expended substantial amounts of energy to obtain this resource, including time-consuming production of bone grease, a resource intensification practice thus far only documented for Upper Paleolithic populations. We present archaeological data from the lake landscape of Neumark-Nord (Germany), where Last Interglacial Neanderthals processed at least 172 large mammals at a water?s edge site. Their (partial) carcasses were transported to this location for the extraction of within-bone nutrients, particularly bone grease. This ?fat factory? constitutes a well-documented case of grease rendering predating the Upper Paleolithic, with the special task location devoted to extraction of nutritionally important lipids forming an important addition to our knowledge of Neanderthal adaptations. Neanderthals intensively processed a minimum of 172 large mammals for grease and marrow fat, 125,000 years ago.
• Beyond Euclid: An Illustrated Guide to Modern Machine Learning with Geometric, Topological, and Algebraic Structures. Papillon, Mathilde; Sanborn, Sophia; Mathe, Johan; Cornelis, Louisa; Bertics, Abby; Buracas, Domas; Lillemark, Hansen J; Shewmake, Christian; Dinc, Fatih; Pennec, Xavier; Miolane, Nina (2025).

  The enduring legacy of Euclidean geometry underpins classical machine learning, which, for decades, has been primarily developed for data lying in Euclidean space. Yet, modern machine learning increasingly encounters richly structured data that is inherently nonEuclidean. This data can exhibit intricate geometric, topological and algebraic structure: from the geometry of the curvature of space-time, to topologically complex interactions between neurons in the brain, to the algebraic transformations describing symmetries of physical systems. Extracting knowledge from such non-Euclidean data necessitates a broader mathematical perspective. Echoing the 19th-century revolutions that gave rise to non-Euclidean geometry, an emerging line of research is redefining modern machine learning with non-Euclidean structures. Its goal: generalizing classical methods to unconventional data types with geometry, topology, and algebra. In this review, we provide an accessible gateway to this fast-growing field and propose a graphical taxonomy that integrates recent advances into an intuitive unified framework. We subsequently extract insights into current challenges and highlight exciting opportunities for future development in this field.
• The Nordic Seas overturning is modulated by northward-propagating thermohaline anomalies. Chafik, Léon; AArthun, Marius; Langehaug, Helene R.; Nilsson, Johan; Rossby, Thomas (2025). 6(1) 573.

  The inflow of warm waters into the Nordic Seas, crucial for sustaining the climate-regulating Atlantic overturning circulation, can be reconstructed from hydrography using a north-south dynamic height gradient across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. Variations in this influx are herein linked to northward-propagating thermohaline anomalies, initially observed at the intergyre boundary and likely driven by changes in ocean heat transport. As these anomalies reach the eastern subpolar North Atlantic, they modulate the cross-ridge dynamic height difference, thereby influencing both the Atlantic inflow and the Nordic Seas overflows on multi-year to decadal scales. Thus, these thermohaline anomalies play a dynamically active role in modulating the watermass exchanges across the ridge and downstream along the Atlantic Water path, rather than being a simple passive train of signals. This explains why these thermohaline signals are a key source of climate predictability and provides fresh insights into the functioning of the Nordic Seas overturning circulation from observations.
• King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard join Spotify exodus over arms industry link. Dumas, Daisy (2025).
• The unprecedented Md=4.4, 2024, Campi Flegrei earthquake highlights the fluids contribution to the ongoing unrest. Pino, Nicola Alessandro; Danesi, Stefania; Rapagnani, Giacomo; De Rubeis, Valerio; Cesca, Simone (2025). 6(1) 385.

  The Campi Flegrei caldera has been experiencing volcanic unrest since 2005, rising concern in the population and in local and national authorities. On May 20, 2024, the largest local earthquake ever instrumentally recorded up to that time produced substantial damage, forcing the evacuation of tens of buildings west of the epicenter. At Campi Flegrei, Mþinspace>þinspace4 earthquakes are rare and their analysis is crucial to understand the unrest dynamics and the relation between rupture and ground shaking pattern, which is essential to mitigate the damage of future earthquakes. We analyse seismic waveforms at local to regional distances to reconstruct the source geometry and kinematics. We estimate millimetric to submillimetric coseismic surface subsidence -- below the sensitivity of any standard geodetic technique -- which, compared to the general uplift, highlights the crucial role of deep pressurized fluids in earthquakes' generation. Our results also indicate that rupture directivity and local amplification determined the damage distribution.
• 3D structure and dynamics of Campi Flegrei enhance multi-hazard assessment. De Landro, G.; Vanorio, T.; Muzellec, T.; Russo, G.; Lomax, A.; Virieux, J.; Zollo, A. (2025). 16(1) 4814.

  Campi Flegrei is an active caldera in a populated area, currently experiencing significant ground uplift and seismicity. Leveraging seismicity relocations, here we obtain high resolution, 3D P- and S-wave seismic images which we combine with a tailored rock physics experiment to define key features of the caldera's structure: gas-rich reservoir below 2þinspacekm depth, deformed caprock at 1--2þinspacekm depth, and basement below 3.5þinspacekm depth. Seismicity migrates downwards from the caprock and changes in stress loading trigger deeper, higher events along the inner-caldera boundary faults. The reservoir closely correlates the area of maximum uplift, where deformation acceleration due to pore-fluid pressure is corroborated by laboratory experiments using site-relevant rock. The interaction between the pressurized gas-reservoir and the confining caprock drives the ground uplift. Our results indicate that seismic activity and the potential for a phreatic explosion should be considered as plausible scenarios, prompting a re-evaluation of the hazard assessment.
• Speculative Probe Items to Capture Fluid Religious and Spiritual Belonging in HCI. Papenfuß, Nathalie; Wolf, Sara (2025).

  With this submission, we respond to the workshop’s theme of fluidity and explore how religious and/or spiritual (R/S) belonging might be captured in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) projects that take R/S fluidity seriously. We make a case for probes as a useful approach and present speculative examples of potential probe items to capture fluid R/S belonging. The examples are rooted in an ongoing interdisciplinary project between Protestant theology and HCI, SoulMate, that explores ways to support young adults in navigating existential questions.
• Towards Cognitive Situational Awareness in Maritime Traffic Using Federated Evidential Learning. Gao, Shang; Huang, Zhixin; Al-Falouji, Ghassan; Sick, Bernhard; Tomforde, Sven (2025). 9–16.

  The increasing complexity of maritime navigation and the shift towards (semi)autonomous systems necessitate enhanced situational awareness (SA) to ensure maritime safety. This transition introduces new requirements for situation mod- elling and SA, particularly in busy waterways. To address these challenges, we present the Federated Evidential Learning for Anomaly Detection of Ship Trajectories (FEAST) framework, which integrates Federated Learning and Evidential Learning to provide a privacy-preserving, collaborative, and uncertainty- aware approach to out-of-distribution (OOD) anomaly detection in maritime traffic. FEAST uses data from the Automatic Identification System from the Kiel region, Germany, which exhibits unique characteristics of dynamic and heterogeneous maritime activity due to its connection with the traffic-dense Kiel Canal. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate that FEAST improves OOD anomaly detection by leveraging epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty estimates, outperforming baseline methods such as Denoise AutoEncoders and Variational AutoEncoders. Consequently, FEAST forms a solution to reliable and inter- pretable maritime traffic anomaly detection, supporting enhanced SA in maritime operations.
• Digital Twin for Analog Mars Missions: Investigating Local Positioning Alternatives for GNSS-Denied Environments. Reimeir, Benjamin; Leininger, Amelie; Edlinger, Raimund; Nüchter, Andreas; Grömer, Gernot (2025). 25(15)

  Future planetary exploration missions will rely heavily on efficient human–robot interaction to ensure astronaut safety and maximize scientific return. In this context, digital twins offer a promising tool for planning, simulating, and optimizing extravehicular activities. This study presents the development and evaluation of a digital twin for the AMADEE-24 analog Mars mission, organized by the Austrian Space Forum and conducted in Armenia in March 2024. Alternative local positioning methods were evaluated to enhance the system’s utility in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-denied environments. The digital twin integrates telemetry from the Aouda space suit simulators, inertial measurement unit motion capture (IMU-MoCap), and sensor data from the Intuitive Rover Operation and Collecting Samples (iROCS) rover. All nine experiment runs were reconstructed successfully by the developed digital twin. A comparative analysis of localization methods found that Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)-based rover positioning and IMU-MoCap localization of the astronaut matched Global Positioning System (GPS) performance. Adaptive Cluster Detection showed significantly higher deviations compared to the previous GNSS alternatives. However, the IMU-MoCap method was limited by discontinuous segment-wise measurements, which required intermittent GPS recalibration. Despite these limitations, the results highlight the potential of alternative localization techniques for digital twin integration.
• BARTABSA++: Revisiting BARTABSA with Decoder LLMs. Pfister, Jan; Völker, Tom; Vlasjuk, Anton; Hotho, Andreas H. Fei, K. Tu, Y. Zhang, X. Hu, W. Han, Z. Jia, Z. Zheng, Y. Cao, M. Zhang, W. Lu, N. Siddharth, L. Ovrelid, N. Xue, Y. Zhang (eds.) (2025). 115–128.

  We revisit the BARTABSA framework for aspect-based sentiment analysis with modern decoder LLMs to assess the importance of explicit structure modeling today. Our updated implementation - BARTABSA++ - features architectural enhancements that boost performance and training stability.Systematic testing with various encoder-decoder architectures shows that BARTABSA++ with BART-Large achieves state-of-the-art results, even surpassing a finetuned GPT-4o model.Our analysis indicates the encoder's representational quality is vital, while the decoder's role is minimal, explaining the limited benefits of scaling decoder-only LLMs for this task. These findings underscore the complementary roles of explicit structured modeling and large language models, indicating structured approaches remain competitive for tasks requiring precise relational information extraction.
• BARTABSA++: Revisiting BARTABSA with Decoder LLMs. Pfister, Jan; Völker, Tom; Vlasjuk, Anton; Hotho, Andreas H. Fei, K. Tu, Y. Zhang, X. Hu, W. Han, Z. Jia, Z. Zheng, Y. Cao, M. Zhang, W. Lu, N. Siddharth, L. Ovrelid, N. Xue, Y. Zhang (eds.) (2025). 115–128.

  We revisit the BARTABSA framework for aspect-based sentiment analysis with modern decoder LLMs to assess the importance of explicit structure modeling today. Our updated implementation - BARTABSA++ - features architectural enhancements that boost performance and training stability.Systematic testing with various encoder-decoder architectures shows that BARTABSA++ with BART-Large achieves state-of-the-art results, even surpassing a finetuned GPT-4o model.Our analysis indicates the encoder's representational quality is vital, while the decoder's role is minimal, explaining the limited benefits of scaling decoder-only LLMs for this task. These findings underscore the complementary roles of explicit structured modeling and large language models, indicating structured approaches remain competitive for tasks requiring precise relational information extraction.
• Fully Autonomous AI Agents Should Not be Developed. Mitchell, Margaret; Ghosh, Avijit; Luccioni, Alexandra Sasha; Pistilli, Giada (2025).

  This paper argues that fully autonomous AI agents should not be developed. In support of this position, we build from prior scientific literature and current product marketing to delineate different AI agent levels and detail the ethical values at play in each, documenting trade-offs in potential benefits and risks. Our analysis reveals that risks to people increase with the autonomy of a system: The more control a user cedes to an AI agent, the more risks to people arise. Particularly concerning are safety risks, which affect human life and impact further values.
• Continuous Earth Observation of Forest Dynamics and Biodiversity. Herbst, Nikolas; Kortmann, Mareike; Jaggy, Niklas; Thonfeld, Frank; Abad, Cristina L.; Kuenzer, Claudia; Müller, Jörg; Kounev, Samuel (2025). 68(7) 102–107.
• Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife. Somervuo, Panu; Roslin, Tomas; Fisher, Brian L.; Hardwick, Bess; Kerdraon, Deirdre; Raharinjanahary, Dimby; Rajoelison, Eric Tsiriniaina; Lauha, Patrik; Griem, Lukas; Lehikoinen, Petteri; Niittynen, Pekka; Piirainen, Esko; Lumme, Markus; Riihikoski, Ville-Matti; Acevedo-Charry, Orlando; Adalsteinsson, Solny A.; Ahmad, Maaz; Alcobia, Sandra; Aldará, Jón; Andrew, Nigel R.; Anslan, Sten; Antonelli, Alexandre; Arena, Julieta Soledad; Arroyo Almeida, Santiago; Aster, Ines; Autto, Hannu; Aviles Gamboa, Anahi; Baixeras, Joaquín; Baldauf, Mario; Balestrieri, Rosario; Banelyte, Gaia Giedre; Barrett, Adrian; Beja, Pedro; Berg, Thomas Olof; Bergerot, Benjamin; Biro, Elizabeth G.; Blendinger, Pedro G.; Bollache, Loïc; Bou Dagher Kharrat, Magda; Boyer, Stephane; Bridell, Erika; Brotherson, Martyn; Brown, Leslie Robert; Buckley, Hannah L.; Buscardo, Erika; Buthelezi, Nokuphila; Cagnolo, Luciano; Calvente, Alice; Capobianco, Giovanni; Carreón-Palau, Laura; Carriere, Suzanne; Case, Bradley S.; Chang, Jenyu; Chaparro, Juan Matías; Chen, Chi-Ling; Chicoine, Christine; Christensson, Madeleine; Collado Rosique, Francisco; Colom Montero, William; da Fonseca, Ricardo do Sacramento; Da Silva, Luís P.; Dal Molin, Anamaria; Dallas, Tad; de Francesco, Maria Carla; Del Ángel-Rodríguez, Jorge Arturo; Díaz-Delgado, Ricardo; Dirnböck, Thomas; Djukic, Ika; Dladla, Philile; Domínguez Masciale, Jeremías; Dorigo, Thiago; Douwes, Errol; Ekrem, Torbjorn; Enderskog, Helena; Erefur, Charlotta; Fahad, Muhammad; Falahati-Anbaran, Mohsen; Farrell, Arielle; Ferland, Gabriel; Ferrari, Emanuele; Figueiredo, Axa; Forero, Fernando; Freiberga, Inga; Frosch-Radivo, Andrea; Ganchozo Intriago, Luis Alberto; Garzoli, Laura; Giacomotti, Paola; Gianuca, Andros T.; Gilg, Olivier; Gilg, Vladimir; Gísladóttir, Fanney; Glowacki, Ryan; Gottsberger, Brigitte; Gregoire, Jocelyn; Groner, Elli; Guedes, Patrícia; Guile, Aimee Michelle; Haase, Peter; Hadi, Fazal; Haidegger, Magdalena; Hansen, Leivur Janus; Hansen, Lars Holst; Harrop, Reid; Havnaas, Harald; Herrera Báez, David; Ho, Chris C. Y.; Hohenbühel, Denise; Houska Tahadlova, Marketa; Hänninen, Jari; Höglund, Linda; Í Haraldsstovu, Kolbrún; Imbeau, Elise; Inkinen, Jasmin; Ishihara, Masae Iwamoto; Jackson, Abigail C.; Jansson, Gunnar; Jha, Rohit; Kager, Gerald; Kahale, Rhea; Kalttopää, Oula; Karai, Elizabeth Wanjiru; Karlsson, Dave; Kaus-Thiel, Andrea; Khan, Asghar; Khan, Qaisar; Kimoto, Keishi; Kipngetich, Shadrack Chumo; Klante, Clemens; Klemedtsson, Leif; Klinth, Maarten; Koskinen, Janne; Kotakorpi, Matti; Kreiling, Agnes-Katharina; Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard; Kristensen, Erik; König, Sebastian; Langenheder, Silke; Laurila, Kalevi; Le Gouar, Pascaline; Lecomte, Nicolas; Lecomte, Erin; Leitman, Paula Moraes; León-Cortés, Jorge L.; Li, Daijiang; Loehr, John; Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos; Makari, Mehsen; Mangini, Gabriela Giselle; Maroschek, Michael; Mata, Vanessa A.; Matsuoka, Shunsuke; Mazzafera, Thais; McDonald, Paul G.; Meinert, Laura; Meléndez-González, Mayra; Mendoza-Henao, Angela M.; Moreau, Sebastien; Moreau, Jérôme; Mosbacher, Jesper; Moyer, Esteban; Mrazova, Anna; Mteshane, Samantha; Mungai, Nancy Wangari; Mu~noz Herraiz, Gema; Murillo-Vázquez, Andrea; Musazzi, Simona; Mutanen, Marko; Müller, Jörg; Navarro Canales, Rebeca; Ndlovu, Monica; Nicolai, Annegret; Niessner, Armin; Nordén, Jenni; Nowak, Pawel; O’Connell, Erin; Orru, Arianna; Pagnon, Thomas; Pantoja-Diaz, Yurani Nayive; Pentinsaari, Mikko; Pilloni, Sebastian; Pinder, Adrian; Pinheiro, Thiago A.; P~olme, Sergei; Powell, Luke L.; Pröll, Gisela; Pulido-Santacruz, Paola; Queralt, Enrique; Quilantang, Mark Tristan; Quinlan, Kirsty; Ramirez, Ricardo; Rankinen, Juha; Rasino, Micaela Del Valle; Rebelo, Rui; Remmers, Wolfram; Retz, Franziska; Reyes, Evelin; Rivas Torres, Gonzalo; Rogers, Hanna M. K.; Rosário, Inês T.; Rosário Da Rosàrio da Costa, Sidney; Rütting, Tobias; Sahlstén, Johannes; Saliba, Carole; Salmirinne, Teppo; Sam, Katerina; Santos, Douglas; Santos-Reis, Margarida; Sawan, Michel; Schattanek-Wiesmair, Benjamin; Schiestl-Aalto, Pauliina; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Seibold, Sebastian; Seidl, Rupert; Seifert, Linda; Sithole, Malibongwe; Sivault, Elise; Smart, Jessica; Smerczyński, Ireneusz; Soda, Ayaka; Sousa-Lima, Renata S.; Stanisci, Angela; Stanley, Margaret C.; Steenkamp, Daleen; Stengel, Elisa; Stoll, Stefan; Strauss, Willem Maartin; Stur, Elisabeth; Sujala, Maija; Sundell, Janne; Svavarsdóttir, Jónína; Tedersoo, Leho; Tepsa, Saana; Tikochinsky, Maor Tiko; Tuominen, Esa-Pekka; Tweraser, Stefanie; Ulloa Espinosa, Catalina; Uusitalo, Joni; Vallinmäki, Mikko; Vannier, Fabrice; Varela, Abigail; Vatka, Emma; Veikkolainen, Silja; Vernes, Karl; Watts, Phillip C.; Weslien, Per; Wirth, Ciara; Wisniewski, Jana Helga; Young, Amanda B.; Övergaard, Robyn; Ovaskainen, Otso (2025).

  Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society's contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3thinspaceyears in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year each predict a substantial proportion of variation in key metrics of biophony---whereas anthropophony (speech and traffic) show less predictable patterns. Compared to pristine sites, the soundscape of urban green spaces is more dominated by technophony and less diverse in terms of acoustic energy across frequencies and time steps, with less instances of quiet. We conclude that the global soundscape is formed from a highly predictable rhythm in biophony, with added noise from geophony and anthropophony. At urban sites, animals experience an increasingly noisy background of sound, which poses challenges to efficient communication.
• Nest mass in forest tits increases with elevation and decreasing body mass, promoting reproductive success. Wild, Clara; Brandl, Roland; Decker, Orsi; Hochrein, Sophia; Ingrosso, Andrea; Mallick, Soumen; Mitesser, Oliver; Rothacher, Julia; Thorn, Simon; Müller, Jörg (2025). 2025(4)
• Functional and phylogenetic beta diversity response of nocturnal moth assemblages to land‐use intensity in grasslands and forests. Püls, Marcel; Achury, Rafael; Heidrich, Lea; Seibold, Sebastian; Hacker, Hermann; Mitesser, Oliver; Chao, Anne; Heibl, Christoph; Stopfer, Lukas; Weisser, Wolfgang; Müller, Jörg (2025).
• Bat response to experimental insecticide application against a defoliating moth in mixed oak forests. Hochrein, Sophia; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Bae, Soyeon; Wimmer, Bernadette; Leroy, Benjamin M. L.; Seibold, Sebastian; Weisser, Wolfgang W.; Müller, Jörg; Huszarik, Maike (2025).
• Temperature and pH dynamics during carcass decomposition and implications for disease management. Rietz, Janine; Beudert, Burkhard; Ferry, Nicolas; Böcker, Lukas; Conraths, Franz J.; Probst, Carolina; Zedrosser, Andreas; Küchenhoff, Helmut; Hais, Martin; Schlüter, Jens; Lackner, Tomas; von Hoermann, Christian; Müller, Jörg; Heurich, Marco (2025). 15(1) 25795.

  Infectious diseases in wildlife threaten not only those species but also domestic animals and human health, necessitating strategies to prevent pathogen spread. The natural decomposition of carcasses may lead to pathogen inactivation due to associated increases in temperature and changes in the pH of the carcass and in the surrounding soil. In this study, the internal temperatures of 64 decomposing wild boar carcasses, the pH in the topsoil beneath 74 carcasses, and the pH of muscle and rectal tissue from 12 carcasses were monitored throughout the decomposition process. Carcass temperatures increased during decomposition, frequently exceeding 30 textdegreeC during aerobic decomposition in summer (maximum 58 \textdegreeC). The pH in the carcasses increased until skeletonization, ranging from pH 4 to above pH 8. Soil pH also continuously increased during the decomposition, reaching a pH above 9 and remaining stable for at least 30 days post-skeletonization. The information on natural carcass decomposition processes provided by our study can serve as a basis for future studies to assess if elevated carcass temperatures and pH changes are sufficient for pathogen inactivation. However, our results suggest that, in most cases, neither the increase in carcass temperatures nor the changes in pH exceed the thresholds required to inactivate African swine fever virus.
• Evaluating Retrieval Augmented Generation to Communicate UK Climate Change Information. Biswas, Arjun; Chahout, Hatim; Pigram, Tristan; Dong, Hang; Williams, Hywel T.p.; Fung, Fai; Xie, Hailun K. Dutia, P. Henderson, M. Leippold, C. Manning, G. Morio, V. Muccione, J. Ni, T. Schimanski, D. Stammbach, A. Singh, A. (Ruiran) Su, S. A. Vaghefi (eds.) (2025). 126–141.
• Identifying and Exploiting a Denial-Of-Service Vulnerability in the NGAP Protocol in 5G Networks. Moheddine, Aya; Loscrì, Valeria (2025). 739–744.
• Reconstructing time-of-flight detector values of angular streaking using machine learning. Meier, David; Viefhaus, Jens; Hartmann, Gregor; Helml, Wolfram; Otto, Thorsten; Sick, Bernhard (2025). 28(7) 074601.

  Angular streaking experiments enable for experimentation in the attosecond regions. However, the deployed time-of-flight (TOF) detectors are susceptible to noise and failure. These shortcomings make the outputs of the TOF detectors hard to understand for humans and further processing, such as, for example, the extraction of beam properties. In this article, we present an approach to remove high noise levels and reconstruct up to three failed TOF detectors from an arrangement of 16 TOF detectors. Due to its fast evaluation time, the presented method is applicable online during a running experiment. It is trained with simulation data, and we show the results of denoising and reconstruction of our method on real-world experiment data.
• Ground to Dust: Collisional Cascades and the Fate of Kardashev II Megaswarms. Lacki, Brian C. (2025). 985(2) 191-.

  Extraterrestrial intelligences are speculated to surround stars with structures to collect their energy or to signal distant observers. If they exist, these most likely are megaswarms, vast constellations of satellites (elements) in orbit around the hosts. Although long-lived megaswarms are extremely powerful technosignatures, they are liable to be subject to collisional cascades once guidance systems start failing. The collisional time is roughly an orbital period divided by the covering fraction of the swarm. Structuring the swarm orbits does not prolong the initial collisional time as long as there is enough randomness to ensure collisions, although it can reduce collision velocities. I further show that once the collisional cascade begins, it can develop extremely rapidly for hypervelocity collisions. Companion stars or planets in the stellar system induce perturbations through the Lidov–Kozai effect among others, which can result in orbits crossing within some millions of years. Radiative perturbations, including the Yarkovsky effect, also can destabilize swarms. Most megaswarms are thus likely to be short-lived on cosmic timescales without active upkeep. I discuss possible mitigation strategies and implications for megastructure searches.
• Dynamic Bayesian network analysis of the social determinants of mental health. Skinner, Adam; Li, Isabel; Varidel, Mathew; Iorfino, Frank; Occhipinti, Jo-An; Song, Yun Ju Christine; Chong, Min K; Hickie, Ian B (2025). 4(7) pgaf209-.

  Mental disorders contribute substantially to the global burden of disease, accounting for up to 16.5% of all years of healthy life lost due to disability and premature mortality. Epidemiological evidence indicates that mental health problems are associated with a diverse range of demographic, social, and economic factors, referred to collectively as social determinants; however, the causal mechanisms underlying these associations are widely recognized to be complex and are only incompletely understood. Here, we use recently developed structure learning methods for Bayesian networks and high-quality panel data from Australia to construct a provisional dynamic network model of the causal dependencies connecting a broad selection of social determinants and mental health. This provisional causal model identifies a heterogeneous set of proximate risk-modifying factors (direct causes), including subjective financial well-being, community connectedness, loneliness, and general health, that mediate the individual-level mental health effects of all remaining variables included in our analyses. Simulation analyses indicate that ideal preventive interventions targeting people's sense of financial security, local community engagement, and loneliness have the greatest capacity to improve population mental health outcomes, while significant reductions in the prevalence of mental health problems may also be achieved by promoting physical well-being and participation in volunteer or charity work and paid employment. We conclude that policies such as a Job Guarantee that are capable of simultaneously altering multiple adverse (or protective) social and economic exposures are likely to be critical in effectively addressing the substantial personal and societal costs of mental health-related disability.
• How many pixels are there in a polarized pulsar timing array map?. Jow, Dylan L.; Tsai, Anna; Pen, Ue-Li (2025).
• High-resolution near-infrared data reveal Pazyryk tattooing methods. Caspari, Gino; Deter-Wolf, Aaron; Riday, Daniel; Vavulin, Mikhail; Pankova, Svetlana (2025). 1–15.

  The tattoos of the Pazyryk ice mummies are of paramount importance for the archaeology of Iron Age Siberia and are often discussed from a broad stylistic and symbolic perspective. However, deeper investigations into this cultural practice were hindered by the inaccessibility of quality data. Here, the authors use high-resolution, near-infrared data in conjunction with experimental evidence to re-examine the tools and techniques employed in Early Iron Age tattooing. The high-quality data allow for the previously unfeasible distinction of artist hands and enable us to put the individual back into the picture of a widespread but rarely preserved prehistoric practice.
• A Systematic Review of Fusion Methods for the User-Centered Design of Multimodal Interfaces. Heinrich, Ronja; Zimmerer, Chris; Fischbach, Martin; Latoschik, Marc Erich (2025).

  This systematic review investigates the current state of research on multimodal fusion methods, i.e., the joint analysis of multimodal inputs, for intentional, instruction-based human-computer interactions, focusing on the combination of speech and spatially expressive modalities such as gestures, touch, pen, and gaze. We examine 50 systems from a User-Centered Design perspective, categorizing them by modality combinations, fusion strategies, application domains and media, as well as reusability. Our findings highlight a predominance of descriptive late fusion methods, limited reusability, and a lack of standardized tool support, hampering rapid prototyping and broader applicability. We identify emerging trends in machine learning-based fusion and outline future research directions to advance reusable and user-centered multimodal systems.
• Multiple sclerosis and gut microbiota: Lachnospiraceae from the ileum of MS twins trigger MS-like disease in germfree transgenic mice—An unbiased functional study. Yoon, Hongsup; Gerdes, Lisa Ann; Beigel, Florian; Sun, Yihui; Kövilein, Janine; Wang, Jiancheng; Kuhlmann, Tanja; Flierl-Hecht, Andrea; Haller, Dirk; Hohlfeld, Reinhard; Baranzini, Sergio E.; Wekerle, Hartmut; Peters, Anneli (2025). 122(18) e2419689122.

  We developed a strategy to identify gut bacteria functionally linked to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). To minimize confounders, we analyzed microbiota composition in a large cohort of monozygotic twins discordant for MS and identified over 50 differently abundant taxa. We then sampled microbiota from the ileum of selected twins, and, in order to functionally characterize them, we introduced them into germfree TCR-transgenic mice prone to develop MS-like disease upon bacterial colonization. We found that MS-derived ileal microbiota induced disease at higher rates than analogous material from healthy twin donors. Our results implicate two Lachnospiraceae members, namely Eisenbergiella tayi and Lachnoclostridium, as likely responsible for an increased incidence of disease. We developed a two-tiered strategy aiming to identify gut bacteria functionally linked to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). First, we compared gut microbial profiles in a cohort of 81 monozygotic twins discordant for MS. This approach allowed to minimize confounding effects by genetic and early environmental factors and identified over 50 differently abundant taxa with the majority of increased taxa within the Firmicutes. These included taxa previously described to be associated with MS (Anaerotruncus colihominis and Eisenbergiella tayi), along with newly identified taxa, such as Copromonas and Acutalibacter. Second, we interrogated the intestinal habitat and functional impact of individual taxa on the development of MS-like disease. In an exploratory approach, we enteroscopically sampled microbiota from different gut segments of selected twin pairs and compared their compositional profiles. To assess their functional potential, samples were orally transferred into germfree transgenic mice prone to develop spontaneous MS-like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) upon bacterial colonization. We found that MS-derived ileal microbiota induced EAE at substantially higher rates than analogous material from healthy twin donors. Furthermore, female mice were more susceptible to disease development than males. The likely active organisms were identified as Eisenbergiella tayi and Lachnoclostridium, members of the Lachnospiraceae family. Our results identify potentially disease-facilitating bacteria sampled from the ileum of MS affected twins. The experimental strategy may pave the way to functionally understand the role of gut microbiota in initiation of MS.
• The Kodaira dimension of even-dimensional ball quotients. Horinaga, Shuji; Maeda, Yota; Yamauchi, Takuya (2025).
• The Tate-Shafarevich group of a polarised K3 surface. Huybrechts, Daniel; Mattei, Dominique (2025).
• Copenhagen Survey on Black Holes and Fundamental Physics. Chen, Alice Y.; Halper, Phil; Afshordi, Niayesh (2025).
• Respiratory viral infections awaken metastatic breast cancer cells in lungs. Chia, Shi B.; Johnson, Bryan J.; Hu, Junxiao; Valença-Pereira, Felipe; Chadeau-Hyam, Marc; Guntoro, Fernando; Montgomery, Hugh; Boorgula, Meher P.; Sreekanth, Varsha; Goodspeed, Andrew; Davenport, Bennett; De Dominici, Marco; Zaberezhnyy, Vadym; Schleicher, Wolfgang E.; Gao, Dexiang; Cadar, Andreia N.; Petriz-Otaño, Lucia; Papanicolaou, Michael; Beheshti, Afshin; Baylin, Stephen B.; Guarnieri, Joseph W.; Wallace, Douglas C.; Costello, James C.; Bartley, Jenna M.; Morrison, Thomas E.; Vermeulen, Roel; Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A.; Rincon, Mercedes; DeGregori, James (2025).

  Breast cancer is the second most common cancer globally, with most deaths caused by metastatic disease, often following long periods of clinical dormancy1. Understanding the mechanisms that disrupt the quiescence of dormant disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) is crucial for addressing metastatic progression. Infections caused by respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 trigger both local and systemic inflammation2,3. Here we demonstrate, in mice, that influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections lead to loss of the pro-dormancy phenotype in breast DCCs in the lung, causing DCC proliferation within days of infection and a massive expansion of carcinoma cells into metastatic lesions within two weeks. These phenotypic transitions and expansions are interleukin-6 dependent. We show that DCCs impair lung T cell activation and that CD4+ T cells sustain the pulmonary metastatic burden after the influenza infection by inhibiting CD8+ T cell activation and cytotoxicity. Crucially, these experimental findings align with human observational data. Analyses of cancer survivors from the UK Biobank (all cancers) and Flatiron Health (breast cancer) databases reveal that SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially increases the risk of cancer-related mortality and lung metastasis compared with uninfected cancer survivors. These discoveries underscore the huge impact of respiratory viral infections on metastatic cancer resurgence, offering new insights into the connection between infectious diseases and cancer metastasis.
• When is the diagonal contractible?. Chen, Xi; Gounelas, Frank (2025).
• A Framework for Securing Personal Data Shared by Users on the Digital Platforms. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), Anjum, Nirjhor (2025, May).

  Public disclosure of private data such as mobile phone numbers, dates of birth, identity card information, and financial data on social websites represents a significant threat to cybersecurity. Both external and internal intrusions infringe on users' privacy, and the available security practices are not preventing unauthorized access. Substandard encryption, poor access controls, and weak policy enforcement form the core deficiencies of handling private data in this study. An in-depth analysis, comprising industry surveys, interviews with experts, and case studies of eCommerce and digital service companies, is carried out to assess the prevailing practices and their shortcomings. It is seen that most of the companies do not have adequate policies and technical measures, and user data is extremely susceptible to misuse. To fill this gap, a Citizen Digital Identity Portal (CDIP) is envisioned as an eGovernance project sponsored by the government. This solution combines encryption, access controls, and API-based identity confirmation to enable companies to confirm user identities without revealing or holding personal information. The threat of abuse by both internal and external entities is therefore greatly minimized. The study concludes that companies cannot guarantee data security alone and that a policy-driven centralized model must be in place. The CDIP model helps bridge the gap between technology and cybersecurity rules. It offers a flexible and powerful way to protect personal information in today’s digital world.
• The Interwoven Nature of Spatial Presence and Virtual Embodiment: A Comprehensive Perspective. Halbig, Andreas; Latoschik, Marc Erich (2025). 6
• AI-Enabled Fruit Decay Detection. D, Varalakshmi B; A, Vijayalakshmi S; Sree, M Kavya; Raj, Ayushi; Divya, Deepika; Tekriwal, Anubhav (2025).
• How many pixels are there in a polarized pulsar timing array map?. Jow, Dylan L.; Tsai, Anna; Pen, Ue-Li (2025).
• Sharing is Caring: A Text Alignment Approach for Sharing Annotations of Copyrighted Texts. Arnold, Frederik; Jäschke, Robert (2025).

  Digital libraries are a crucial infrastructure for researchers to find and access resources. For example, researchers in the digital humanities and computational literary studies make frequent use of digital libraries to access relevant materials, such as text corpora, which they then annotate. These materials are often protected by copyright and are typically released under licensing terms that either prohibit redistribution entirely or impose significant limitations on how they can be shared. We present and evaluate an approach to separate annotations from the underlying text and create a fingerprint, which cannot be used on its own to recreate the original text and can therefore be shared. This fingerprint can be used to merge the separated annotations with another version of the original text. Our framework can easily be adapted to support different file formats and can be integrated into digital libraries to simplify sharing of annotations of copyrighted texts. The code is publicly available under the Apache License 2.0 at https://hu.berlin/sisc.
• Expressive Pooling for Graph Neural Networks. Lachi, Veronica; Moallemy-Oureh, Alice; Roth, Andreas; Welke, Pascal (2025).

  Considerable efforts have been dedicated to exploring methods that enhance the expressiveness of graph neural networks. Current endeavors primarily focus on modifying the message-passing process to overcome limitations imposed by the Weisfeiler-Leman test, often at the expense of increasing computational cost. In practical applications, message-passing layers are interleaved with pooling layers for graph-level tasks, enabling the learning of increasingly abstract and coarser representations of input graphs. In this work, we formally prove two directions that allow pooling methods to increase the expressive power of a graph neural network while keeping the message-passing method unchanged. We systemically assign eight frequently used pooling operators to our theoretical conditions for increasing expressivity and introduce a novel pooling method XP, short for eXpressive Pooling, as an additional simple method that satisfies our theoretical conditions. Experiments conducted on the Brec dataset confirm that those pooling methods that satisfy our conditions empirically increase the expressivity of graph neural networks.
• The Recursive Stopping Time Structure of the \($3x+1$\) Function. Winkler, Mike (2024).

  The 3x+1 problem concerns iteration of the map T:Z→Z given by T(x)=⎧⎩⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪x23x+12if x≡0 (mod 2),if x≡1 (mod 2). The 3x+1 Conjecture states that every x≥1 has some iterate Ts(x)=1. The least s∈N such that Ts(x)
• Sensor Fusion of LiDAR and Stereo Camera for Forest Mapping. de Souza Neto, Amador Marcelino; Romero, Roseli A. Francelin L. Chaimowicz, R. E. Patiño-Escarcina, D. Barrios-Aranibar (eds.) (2024). 1–6.
• Specifying and Verifying the Convergence Stairs of the Collatz Program. Ebnenasir, Ali (2024).

  This paper presents an algorithmic method that, given a positive integer j, generates the j-th convergence stair containing all natural numbers from where the Collatz conjecture holds by exactly j applications of the Collatz function. To this end, we present a novel formulation of the Collatz conjecture as a concurrent program, and provide the general case specification of the j-th convergence stair for any j>0. The proposed specifications provide a layered and linearized orientation of Collatz numbers organized in an infinite set of infinite binary trees. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such a general specification is provided, which can have significant applications in analyzing and testing the behaviors of complex non-linear systems. We have implemented this method as a software tool that generates the Collatz numbers of individual stairs. We also show that starting from any value in any convergence stair the conjecture holds. However, to prove the conjecture, one has to show that every natural number will appear in some stair; i.e., the union of all stairs is equal to the set of natural numbers, which remains an open problem.
• Seismic risk mitigation at Campi Flegrei in volcanic unrest. Iervolino, Iunio; Cito, Pasquale; De Falco, Melania; Festa, Gaetano; Herrmann, Marcus; Lomax, Anthony; Marzocchi, Warner; Santo, Antonio; Strumia, Claudio; Massaro, Luigi; Scala, Antonio; Scotto di Uccio, Francesco; Zollo, Aldo (2024). 15(1) 10474.

  Campi Flegrei is a densely populated volcanic area in Italy. Its inner caldera periodically experiences uplift and subsidence, known as bradyseism, also accompanied by seismic activity. In the last decade, with uplift rates up to 2thinspacecm/month, about nine-thousand earthquakes were recorded. Upon request of the local administration, the most updated data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the risk management strategy consisting of structural retrofitting according to the building code. Here it is shown that the reference moment magnitude is in the range \\($\$\)\backslashleft(\\\backslashmathrm\4.4,5.1\\\\backslashright)\\($\$\), based on fault mapping, geomorphological inference, earthquake relocation, stress-drop analysis, and ground motion modelling. Earthquake forecasting enabled computing the exceedance probabilities of these magnitudes. Earthquake engineering showed that the minimum magnitudes expected to cause exceedance of design ground motion, are larger than the reference magnitudes. Finally, the risk reduction implied by the safety levels of new constructions was assessed for reinforced concrete buildings.
• Reversible electric field manipulation of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in transition metal dimers. Jang, Byungryul; Pastor, G. M. (2024). 110(1)
• Družbene vede, sociologija – predvčerajšnjim, danes, pojutrišnjem – in njihov (Jugoslovanski, Slovenski) družbeni kontekst deset fragmentov in pomembni viri (Social Sciences, Sociology – the Day Before Yesterday, Today, the Day After Tomorrow, and Their (Yugoslav, Slovenian) Social Context). Toš, Niko (2024). 40(1) 31–55.

  In the essay, the author describes how sociology as a teaching and research-based social science discipline emerged and developed in Slovenia (and Yugoslavia). He shows its initial dogmatic narrowness and gradual development as it became an empirically grounded scientific-cognitive activity. He does this by outlining the transition from the original subject of teaching (at law faculties) in the early 1960s to the conception of study programmes of sociology (department chairs at philosophy faculties, mainly in Belgrade, Ljubljana and Zagreb) and research programmes (the establishing of institutes for social sciences and sociology). The author reveals all the contradictions in the relationship between the ruling politics and sociology, as expressed in the transition from a relationship of opening up, supporting, tolerating and preventing, to a dogmatic blocking of its cognitive activity, autonomous research and bringing critical insights into the public domain.
• APTNESS: Incorporating Appraisal Theory and Emotion Support Strategies for Empathetic Response Generation. Hu, Yuxuan; Tan, Minghuan; Zhang, Chenwei; Li, Zixuan; Liang, Xiaodan; Yang, Min; Li, Chengming; Hu, Xiping E. Serra, F. Spezzano (eds.) (2024). 900–909.
• ChatGPT is bullshit. Hicks, Michael Townsen; Humphries, James; Slater, Joe (2024). 26(2) 38-.

  Recently, there has been considerable interest in large language models: machine learning systems which produce human-like text and dialogue. Applications of these systems have been plagued by persistent inaccuracies in their output; these are often called “AI hallucinations”. We argue that these falsehoods, and the overall activity of large language models, is better understood as bullshit in the sense explored by Frankfurt (On Bullshit, Princeton, 2005): the models are in an important way indifferent to the truth of their outputs. We distinguish two ways in which the models can be said to be bullshitters, and argue that they clearly meet at least one of these definitions. We further argue that describing AI misrepresentations as bullshit is both a more useful and more accurate way of predicting and discussing the behaviour of these systems.
• Investigation of the Influence of Three Different Control Algorithms on the Efficiency of Movements of a Robotic System [Wheeled Robot]. Nurym, Nurdaulet; Serik, Meruert; Dimirovski, Georgi M.; Kovtun, Anatoly (2024). 1–5.
• Neural representation of goal direction in the monarch butterfly brain. Beetz, M. Jerome; Kraus, Christian; el Jundi, Basil (2023). 14(1) 5859.

  Neural processing of a desired moving direction requires the continuous comparison between the current heading and the goal direction. While the neural basis underlying the current heading is well-studied, the coding of the goal direction remains unclear in insects. Here, we used tetrode recordings in tethered flying monarch butterflies to unravel how a goal direction is represented in the insect brain. While recording, the butterflies maintained robust goal directions relative to a virtual sun. By resetting their goal directions, we found neurons whose spatial tuning was tightly linked to the goal directions. Importantly, their tuning was unaffected when the butterflies changed their heading after compass perturbations, showing that these neurons specifically encode the goal direction. Overall, we here discovered invertebrate goal-direction neurons that share functional similarities to goal-direction cells reported in mammals. Our results give insights into the evolutionarily conserved principles of goal-directed spatial orientation in animals.
• Datenhandbuch zum Mikrozensus Scientific Use File 2020 GESIS Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Forschungsdatenzentren der Statistischen Ämter des Bundes; und der Länder, Statistisches Bundesamt (2023).
• Potential for rupture before eruption at Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy. Kilburn, Christopher R. J.; Carlino, Stefano; Danesi, Stefania; Pino, Nicola Alessandro (2023). 4(1) 190.

  Volcanoes reawakening after long repose must rupture the crust before magma can erupt. Rupture is preceded by repeatable variations in the rate of seismicity with ground movement, which trace the amount of applied stress that is released by local earthquakes. A rupturing sequence has been developing across four episodes of ground uplift at Italy's Campi Flegrei caldera: in 1950-1952, 1969-1972, 1982-1984 and since 2004. We predicted in 2016 that the approach to rupture would continue after an additional uplift of 30-40þinspacecm at the location of largest movement. We have updated our analysis with new data on changes in the numbers of local earthquakes with amounts of ground movement. Here we show that subsequent events have confirmed our prediction and that the unrest has been changing the structure of Campi Flegrei's crust. The results provide new constraints for evaluating the volcano's potential to erupt or to subside without eruption.
• ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models. Yao, Shunyu; Zhao, Jeffrey; Yu, Dian; Du, Nan; Shafran, Izhak; Narasimhan, Karthik; Cao, Yuan (2023).
• Persuasive Python: Unifying narrative, math, and code with probabilistic graphical models, Bayesian inference, matplotlib, jax, xarray, and numpyro. Fleischhacker, Adam (2023).
• Diophantine equations: a systematic approach. Grechuk, Bogdan (2022).

  This paper initiates a novel research direction in the theory of Diophantine equations: define an appropriate version of the equation's size, order all polynomial Diophantine equations starting from the smallest ones, and then solve the equations in that order. By combining a new computer-aided procedure with human reasoning, we solved the Hilbert's tenth problem for all polynomial Diophantine equations of size less than 31, where the size is defined in (Zidane, 2018). In addition, we solved this problem for all equations of size equal to 31, with a single exception. Further, we solved the Hilbert's tenth problem for all two-variable Diophantine equations of size less than 32, all symmetric equations of size less than 39, all three-monomial equations of size less than 45, and, in each category, identified the explicit smallest equations for which the problem remains open. As a result, we derived a list of equations that are very simple to write down but which are apparently difficult to solve. As we know from the example of Fermat's Last Theorem, such equations have a potential to stimulate the development of new methods in number theory.
• More than Encoder: Introducing Transformer Decoder to Upsample. Li, Yijiang; Cai, Wentian; Gao, Ying; Li, Chengming; Hu, Xiping D. A. Adjeroh, Q. Long, X. M. Shi, F. Guo, X. Hu, S. Aluru, G. Narasimhan, J. Wang, M. Kang, A. Mondal, J. Liu (eds.) (2022). 1597–1602.
• Comparing genome-based estimates of relatedness for use in pedigree-based conservation management. Hauser, Samantha S.; Galla, Stephanie J.; Putnam, Andrea S.; Steeves, Tammy E.; Latch, Emily K. (2022). 22(7) 2546–2558.

  Abstract Researchers have long debated which estimator of relatedness best captures the degree of relationship between two individuals. In the genomics era, this debate continues, with relatedness estimates being sensitive to the methods used to generate markers, marker quality, and levels of diversity in sampled individuals. Here, we compare six commonly used genome-based relatedness estimators (kinship genetic distance [KGD], Wang maximum likelihood [TrioML], Queller and Goodnight [Rxy], Kinship INference for Genome-wide association studies [KING-robust), and pairwise relatedness [RAB], allele-sharing coancestry [AS]) across five species bred in captivity–including three birds and two mammals–with varying degrees of reliable pedigree data, using reduced-representation and whole genome resequencing data. Genome-based relatedness estimates varied widely across estimators, sequencing methods, and species, yet the most consistent results for known first order relationships were found using Rxy, RAB, and AS. However, AS was found to be less consistently correlated with known pedigree relatedness than either Rxy or RAB. Our combined results indicate there is not a single genome-based estimator that is ideal across different species and data types. To determine the most appropriate genome-based relatedness estimator for each new data set, we recommend assessing the relative: (1) correlation of candidate estimators with known relationships in the pedigree and (2) precision of candidate estimators with known first-order relationships. These recommendations are broadly applicable to conservation breeding programmes, particularly where genome-based estimates of relatedness can complement and complete poorly pedigreed populations. Given a growing interest in the application of wild pedigrees, our results are also applicable to in situ wildlife management.
• Ecological Validity through Gamification: an Experiment with a Mixed Reality Escape Room. Pérez, Pablo; González-Sosa, Ester; Kachach, Redouane; Pereira, Francisco; Villegas, Álvaro (2021). 179–183.
• Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations. Song, Yang; Sohl-Dickstein, Jascha; Kingma, Diederik P; Kumar, Abhishek; Ermon, Stefano; Poole, Ben (2021).
• Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling of Liquid–Solid Slurry Flows in Pipelines: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Messa, Gianandrea Vittorio; Yang, Qi; Adedeji, Oluwaseun Ezekiel; Chára, Zdeněk; Duarte, Carlos Antonio Ribeiro; Matoušek, Václav; Rasteiro, Maria Graça; Sanders, R. Sean; Silva, Rui C.; de Souza, Francisco José (2021). 9(9)

  Slurry pipe transport has directed the efforts of researchers for decades, not only for the practical impact of this problem, but also for the challenges in understanding and modelling the complex phenomena involved. The increase in computer power and the diffusion of multipurpose codes based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have opened up the opportunity to gather information on slurry pipe flows at the local level, in contrast with the traditional approaches of simplified theoretical modelling which are mainly based on a macroscopic description of the flow. This review paper discusses the potential of CFD for simulating slurry pipe flows. A comprehensive description of the modelling methods will be presented, followed by an overview of significant publications on the topic. However, the main focus will be the assessment of the potential and the challenges of the CFD approach, underlying the essential interplay between CFD simulations and experiments, discussing the main sources of uncertainty of CFD models, and evaluating existing models based on their interpretative or predictive capacity. This work aims at providing a solid ground for students, academics, and professional engineers dealing with slurry pipe transport, but it will also provide a methodological approach that goes beyond the specific application.
• Why Did Dante Aligerhi Condemn Prophet Mohammed a.s. to Hell?, Zašto je Dante Aligerhi osudio poslanika Muhammeda, a. s., na pakao?. Karić, Enes (2021). 2(2) 210–255.
• Partnerstvo u pokušaju – temeljne značajke odnosa Alfonsa V. i Stjepana Vukčića Kosače. Isailović, Neven (2020). 52(3) 37–68.
• Measuring intolerance to mutation in human genetics. Fuller, Zachary L; Berg, Jeremy J; Mostafavi, Hakhamanesh; Sella, Guy; Przeworski, Molly (2019). 51(5) 772–776.

  In numerous applications, from working with animal models to mapping the genetic basis of human disease susceptibility, knowing whether a single disrupting mutation in a gene is likely to be deleterious is useful. With this goal in mind, a number of measures have been developed to identify genes in which protein-truncating variants (PTVs), or other types of mutations, are absent or kept at very low frequency in large population samples-genes that appear 'intolerant' to mutation. One measure in particular, the probability of being loss-of-function intolerant (pLI), has been widely adopted. This measure was designed to classify genes into three categories, null, recessive and haploinsufficient, on the basis of the contrast between observed and expected numbers of PTVs. Such population-genetic approaches can be useful in many applications. As we clarify, however, they reflect the strength of selection acting on heterozygotes and not dominance or haploinsufficiency.
• On the least common multiple of several random integers. Bostan, Alin; Marynych, Alexander; Raschel, Kilian (2019).

  Let Ln(k) denote the least common multiple of k independent random integers uniformly chosen in 1,2,…,n. In this note, using a purely probabilistic approach, we derive a criterion for the convergence in distribution as n→∞ of f(Ln(k))nrk for a wide class of multiplicative arithmetic functions~f with polynomial growth r>−1. Furthermore, we identify the limit as an infinite product of independent random variables indexed by prime numbers. Along the way, we compute the generating function of a trimmed sum of independent geometric laws, occurring in the above infinite product. This generating function is rational; we relate it to the generating function of a certain max-type Diophantine equation, of which we solve a generalized version. Our results extend theorems by Erdős and Wintner (1939), Fernández and Fernández (2013) and Hilberdink and Tóth (2016).
• Dense Encoder-Decoder Network based on Two-Level Context Enhanced Residual Attention Mechanism for Segmentation of Breast Tumors in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Gao, Ying; Zhao, Yin; Luo, Xiongwen; Hu, Xiping; Liang, Changhong I. Yoo, J. Bi, X. Hu (eds.) (2019). 1123–1129.
• Improved Computing Performance for Listing Combinatorial Algorithms Using Multi-Processing MPI and Thread Library. Lau, Nguyen Dinh (2018). abs/1605.05950
• A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES. Scaffidi, Christopher (C. Scaffidi, ed.) (2018). https://airccse.org/journal/ijcseit/vol8.html 11.

  Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills. Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their qualifications.
• „Višeslavova krstionica“- problem podrijetla i datacije. Kajdiž, Ines (2018). 9(9) 71–88.
• INFLUENCE OF THE EVENT RATE ON DISCRIMINATION ABILITIES OF BANKRUPTCY PREDICTION MODELS. Zhang, Lili (2018). 10(1) 1–14.

  In bankruptcy prediction, the proportion of events is very low, which is often oversampled to eliminate this bias. In this paper, we study the influence of the event rate on discrimination abilities of bankruptcy prediction models. First the statistical association and significance of public records and firmographics indicators with the bankruptcy were explored. Then the event rate was oversampled from 0.12% to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. Seven models were developed, including Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, Bayesian Network, and Neural Network. Under different event rates, models were comprehensively evaluated and compared based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic, accuracy,F1 score, Type I error, Type II error, and ROC curve on the hold-out dataset with their best probability cut-offs. Results show that Bayesian Network is the most
• Učinkovitost sustava prostornog planiranja Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine. Technical Report (Master thesis), Nikolić, Angelina PhD thesis, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet. (2018).
• A population genetic interpretation of GWAS findings for human quantitative traits. Simons, Yuval B.; Bullaughey, Kevin; Hudson, Richard R.; Sella, Guy (G. Gibson, ed.) (2018). 16(3) e2002985.
• Why timars? Why now? Ottoman timars in the light of recent historiography. Howard, Douglas (2017). 8(2) 119–144.
• Generalized Haar filter based CNN for object detection in traffic scenes. Lu, Keyu; Li, Jian; An, Xiangjing; He, Hangen; Hu, Xiping (2017). 1657–1662.
• A cloud-supported cps approach to control decision of process manufacturing: 3D ONoC. Ning, Zhaolong; Hou, Weigang; Hu, Xiping; Gong, Xiaoxue (2017). 458–463.
• Voice Command System Using Raspberry PI Surinder Kaur, Sanchit Sharma; Raj, Arpit (2016).
• Regulators and cycle maps in higher-dimensional differential algebraic K-theory. Bunke, Ulrich; Tamme, Georg (2015).
• Lecture Notes on Bayesian Statistics. Miller, Jeff W. (2015).
• Improvements in the numerical prediction of fully-suspended slurry flow in horizontal pipes. Messa, Gianandrea Vittorio; Malavasi, Stefano (2015). 270 358–367.

  A new two-fluid model is presented for the simulation of fully-suspended liquid–solid slurry flows in horizontal pipes. The model is a significant upgrade of an earlier one [G.V. Messa, M. Malin, S. Malavasi, Powder Technol. 256 (2014), 61–70], and the main improvements concern the use of: (1) a new wall boundary condition for the solid phase (2) a more general correlation for the viscosity of the mixture, which allows accounting for particle shape; (3) a different solution algorithm, which reduces significantly the already low computational burden. By comparison with experimental data available in the literature regarding sand–water slurries, the model showed wider applicability compared to the earlier one. In particular, the validation was carried out for the following flow conditions: pipe diameter between 50 and 200mm; particle size between 90 and 640μm; mean delivered solid concentration up to 40% by volume; and slurry superficial velocity up to 9m/s. Slurries in which the dispersed phase consists of spherical glass beads have been briefly explored too. The improvements considerably increase the accuracy of the pressure gradient predictions, without affecting the model's capability in reproducing the other features of these flows of most engineering interest, namely solid volume fraction distribution and velocity distribution.
• Generative Adversarial Nets. Goodfellow, Ian J.; Pouget-Abadie, Jean; Mirza, Mehdi; Xu, Bing; Warde-Farley, David; Ozair, Sherjil; Courville, Aaron; Bengio, Yoshua Z. Ghahramani, M. Welling, C. Cortes, N. Lawrence, K. Weinberger (eds.) (2014). (Vol. 27)
• The deleterious mutation load is insensitive to recent population history. Simons, Yuval B; Turchin, Michael C; Pritchard, Jonathan K; Sella, Guy (2014). 46(3) 220–224.
• Erzählen ohne Epochenbezug im 19. Jahrhundert. Petersen, Jürgen (2014). 212–239.
• Ptolemy’s longitudes and Eratosthenes’ measurement of the earth’s circumference. Russo, Lucio (2013). 1(1) 67–79.
• A connection between score matching and denoising autoencoders. Vincent, Pascal (2011). 23(7) 1661–1674.

  Denoising autoencoders have been previously shown to be competitive alternatives to restricted Boltzmann machines for unsupervised pretraining of each layer of a deep architecture. We show that a simple denoising autoencoder training criterion is equivalent to matching the score (with respect to the data) of a specific energy-based model to that of a nonparametric Parzen density estimator of the data. This yields several useful insights. It defines a proper probabilistic model for the denoising autoencoder technique, which makes it in principle possible to sample from them or rank examples by their energy. It suggests a different way to apply score matching that is related to learning to denoise and does not require computing second derivatives. It justifies the use of tied weights between the encoder and decoder and suggests ways to extend the success of denoising autoencoders to a larger family of energy-based models.
• A First Course in Bayesian Statistical Methods Hoff, Peter D. in Springer Texts in Statistics (2009). Springer, New York.

  This book provides a compact self-contained introduction to the theory and application of Bayesian statistical methods. The book is accessible to readers having a basic familiarity with probability, yet allows more advanced readers to quickly grasp the principles underlying Bayesian theory and methods. The examples and computer code allow the reader to understand and implement basic Bayesian data analyses using standard statistical models and to extend the standard models to specialized data analysis situations. The book begins with fundamental notions such as probability, exchangeability and Bayes' rule, and ends with modern topics such as variable selection in regression, generalized linear mixed effects models, and semiparametric copula estimation. Numerous examples from the social, biological and physical sciences show how to implement these methodologies in practice. Monte Carlo summaries of posterior distributions play an important role in Bayesian data analysis. The open-source R statistical computing environment provides sufficient functionality to make Monte Carlo estimation very easy for a large number of statistical models and example R-code is provided throughout the text. Much of the example code can be run ``as is'' in R, and essentially all of it can be run after downloading the relevant datasets from the companion website for this book. Peter Hoff is an Associate Professor of Statistics and Biostatistics at the University of Washington. He has developed a variety of Bayesian methods for multivariate data, including covariance and copula estimation, cluster analysis, mixture modeling and social network analysis. He is on the editorial board of the Annals of Applied Statistics.
• Čepin - Ovčara / tursko groblje, deset godina istraživanja. Šimić, Jasna (2009). 3(4) 7–16.
• Bayesian Networks. Ben-Gal, Irad F. Ruggeri, R. Kenett, F. W. Faltin (eds.) (2007).

  Abstract Bayesian networks are probabilistic models based on direct acyclic graphs. These models enable a direct representation of causal relations between variables. Their structure is ideal for combining prior knowledge, which often comes in causal form, and observed data. This article gives a short description of the concepts of this important class of models that have become extremely popular in recent years.
• An indirect approach to the extensive calculation of relationship coefficients. Colleau, Jean-Jacques (2002). 34(4) 409.

  A method was described for calculating population statistics on relationship coefficients without using corresponding individual data. It relied on the structure of the inverse of the numerator relationship matrix between individuals under investigation and ancestors. Computation times were observed on simulated populations and were compared to those incurred with a conventional direct approach. The indirect approach turned out to be very efficient for multiplying the relationship matrix corresponding to planned matings (full design) by any vector. Efficiency was generally still good or very good for calculating statistics on these simulated populations. An extreme implementation of the method is the calculation of inbreeding coefficients themselves. Relative performances of the indirect method were good except when many full-sibs during many generations existed in the population.
• AutoCAD for archaeology. A new era in archaeology. Messika, Natalie R. (1996). 7 951–954.
• Calculation of genetic identity coefficients. Lange, K.; Sinsheimer, J. S. (1992). 56(4) 339–346.

  Summary Genetic identity coefficients define the kind and amount of gene sharing between two relatives at a single locus. Non-recursive computation of these probabilities depends on cumbersome graph-tracing algorithms. Closely related to the identity coefficients are certain generalized kinship coefficients which can be computed recursively. The present paper clarifies some ideas of Karigl about how to relate identity coefficients to generalized kinship coefficients.
• Diplomatičke formule biblijsko-teološkog sadržaja u latinskim poveljama bosansko-humskih vladara i velemoža od XII. do XV. st. Brković, Milko (1985). 9(15) 24–35.
• The Concept of the Political Criminal. Schafer, Stephen (1972). 62(3)
• The Distribution of Gene Frequencies in Populations. Wright, Sewall (1937). 23(6) 307–320.
• Systems of mating. I. The biometric relations between parent and offspring. Wright, Sewall (1921). 6(2) 111–123.

  Introduction. Investigations on the mechanism of heredity have progressed to such a point that there need be little hesitation in accepting the recent statement of EASTand JONES(1919), that "Mendelian heredity has proved to be the heredity of sexual reproduction; the heredity of sexual reproduction is Mendelian." I t has also become clear, however, that most cases of inheritance are far from exhibiting the simplicity which MENDELwas fortunate enough to find in certain variations of the pea. Among our domestic animals, for example, specific Mendelian factors have only been demonstrated in the case of a few color variations and a very small number of morphological differences. The great bulk of the variations both in .characters of eco- nomic importance and in fancy points can only be interpreted as Men- delian on the assumption that each character is affected by a number of independent unit factors. The same is probably true of most varietal and specific differencesin nature. The results of SUMNER'S(1918) experiments 112 SEWALL WRIGHT with geographic races of Peromyscus are a good illustration. Moreover, even where there is simplicity on the genetic side, it may be obscured by variation due to external conditions. I t is thus important to understand the consequences to be expected from the Mendelian mechanism when various systems of mating are followed in a population in which the varying characters are determined by factors which are individually beyond control
• Althochdeutsche Grammatik Braune, Wilheelm (1891). (second ) Max Niemeyer, Halle.