Die hannIT AöR (Hannoversche Informationstechnologien – Anstalt öffentlichen Rechts) ist der IT-Dienstleister der Region Hannover und ca. 30 weiterer Landkreise und Kommunen in Niedersachsen. Das Sicherheitsrechenzentrum mit verteilten Standorten bildet die systemtechnische Grundlage für den Betrieb und die Weiterentwicklung von Verwaltungsverfahren.

Das Kompetenzcenter Mobilität und GIS betreut Verkehrsinformations- und Planungssysteme, wie die elektronische Fahrplanauskunft oder die Netzverfügbarkeitskarte. Zum Leistungsangebot der hannIT AöR gehören unter anderem

• die elektronische Fahrplanauskunft in Niedersachsen und Bremen (EFA) u.a. für GVH (Großraum Verkehr Hannover) und Braunschweig ,
• der Betrieb des DELFI-Landesserver für Niedersachsen,
• die Echtzeitanbindung der ÖPNV-Unternehmen im GVH
• das multimodale Routing (ÖPNV, Auto, Fahrrad, Fußgänger …)

Darüber hinaus ist hannIT als Dienstleister maßgeblich an Projekten wie

• Connect GmbH (Datenintegration für Niedersachsen und Bremen),
• DELFI e.V. (Deutschlandweite Fahrplanauskunft),
• EU-Spirit (Verbund europäischer Auskunftssysteme)

beteiligt.

Im Projekt D4UM stellt hannIT AöR

• die Plattform (Hard- und Software) zur Verfügung,
• koordiniert die Bereitstellung von SW-Lösungen,
• arbeitet bei den Datenschutz- und Sicherheitsregeln mit
• schafft die Grundlagen für die Integration von IV-Echtzeitdaten und historischen Ganglinen in die Fahrplanauskunft EFA (Prototype)

• Prozessmuster für neutrale Datentreuhandmodelle (proDTM); Teilvorhaben: Prinzipien der Prozessmustergestaltung Janiesch, Christian; Ciftci, Seyyid Ahmed (2026).
• MARS: Multi-hop Adaptive Retrieval and SPARQL Generation for KGQA. Srivastava, Nikit; Vollmers, Daniel; Speck, René; Karalis, Nikolaos; Zahera, Hamada M.; Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille (2026).
• Experiences of using the DiabeText mobile text messaging intervention to support diabetes self-management for people living with type 2 diabetes: Post-hoc process evaluation. Zamanillo-Campos, Rocío; Chela-Álvarez, Xènia; Mateu-Estrany, Esperança Maria; Colom-Rosselló, Miquel; Taltavull-Aparicio, Joana Maria; Ripoll, Joana; Serrano-Ripoll, Maria Jesús; Fiol deRoque, Maria Antonia; Ricci-Cabello, Ignacio (2026). 12 20552076261484739–20552076261484739.

  OBJECTIVE: Poor adherence to prescribed treatment for people with type 2 diabetes increases the risk of complications, mortality, and associated healthcare costs. Mobile phone text-messaging interventions such as DiabeText can support diabetes self-management and improve health outcomes. This study aimed to explore patients' experiences with the DiabeText intervention and the contexts and mechanisms through which behavioral change might occur. METHODS: A post-hoc process evaluation using a mixed-methods design was conducted within primary care settings in Spain. The analysis combined a questionnaire-based study with 371 participants, aimed at rating the behavior change techniques embedded in the text messages, and a qualitative interview study with 19 participants. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. RESULTS: Participants reported predominantly positive experiences with the intervention, highlighting increased support, motivation, and self-care capacity. They valued the reliable and practical content as well as the user-friendly format, which were perceived as facilitating healthier lifestyle changes and supporting medication adherence. However, participants also suggested incorporating greater personalization to enhance acceptability. The mechanisms through which the intervention may foster behavioral change likely relate to the inclusion of behavior change techniques (BCTs) previously associated with positive outcomes-and which participants rated as highly helpful in supporting change. Nevertheless, further research is needed to determine the specific active ingredients that would maximize DiabeText's overall impact. CONCLUSION: DiabeText was well received by individuals with T2DM to support self-care. Introducing personalized features and messages that utilize BCTs previously associated with better outcomes could be a good starting point for better outcomes.
• Identifying the scale of effect of habitat for diversity and biomass of multiple arthropod taxa. Uhler, Johannes; Kortmann, Mareike; Mitesser, Oliver; Zhang, Jie; Tobisch, Cynthia; Benjamin, Caryl S.; Decker, Orsi; Englmeier, Jana; Fricke, Ute; Ganuza, Cristina; Haensel, Maria; Redlich, Sarah; Riebl, Rebekka; Rojas-Botero, Sandra; Rummler, Thomas; Uphus, Lars; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf; Müller, Jörg (2026). 41(8) 138.

  Understanding how landscape composition influences biodiversity is a central objective of landscape ecology. Because species respond to environmental conditions across different spatial scales, landscape effects are inherently scale-dependent, making the identification of ecologically relevant spatial scales essential for robust analyses of patterns in insect communities.
• Identifying the scale of effect of habitat for diversity and biomass of multiple arthropod taxa. Uhler, Johannes; Kortmann, Mareike; Mitesser, Oliver; Zhang, Jie; Tobisch, Cynthia; Benjamin, Caryl S.; Decker, Orsi; Englmeier, Jana; Fricke, Ute; Ganuza, Cristina; Haensel, Maria; Redlich, Sarah; Riebl, Rebekka; Rojas-Botero, Sandra; Rummler, Thomas; Uphus, Lars; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf; Müller, Jörg (2026). 41(8) 138.

  Understanding how landscape composition influences biodiversity is a central objective of landscape ecology. Because species respond to environmental conditions across different spatial scales, landscape effects are inherently scale-dependent, making the identification of ecologically relevant spatial scales essential for robust analyses of patterns in insect communities.
• Artificial Intelligence-enabled GRADE: how the GRADE Working Group will use automation to rate the certainty of evidence of intervention effects. Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo; Marques-Cruz, Manuel; Vieira, Rafael José; Duarte, Vítor Henrique; Ávila-Oliver, Camila; Dobrescu, Andreea; Jemioło, Paweł; Agarwal, Arnav; Bala, Malgorzata M; Beltran, Jessica; Bognanni, Antonio; Cruciani, Fabio; Dewidar, Omar; Gil-Mata, Sara; Liang, Changhao; Martinho-Dias, Daniel; Nowak, Claus; Ocagli, Honoria; Perestrelo, Paula; Pereira Nunes Pinto, Ana Carolina; Reis-Pardal, Joana; Riera-Serra, Pau; Rocha, Aline; Fernández-Saénz, Karina; Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta, Itziar; Harrod, Curtis S; Langendam, Miranda W; Meerpohl, Joerg; Nonino, Francesco; Wiercioch, Wojtek; Neumann, Ignacio; Izcovich, Ariel; Minozzi, Silvia; Gartlehner, Gerald; Schünemann, Holger J (2026). 198 112411–112411.

  OBJECTIVES: The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group is developing GRADErater (GRADE Rating Automation Through Enhanced Reasoning), an official, automated tool for evaluation of the certainty of evidence (CoE). In this article, we describe the principles and methods underlying its development and state how the GRADE Working Group (GWG) will use automation to rate the CoE of intervention effects. METHODS: We followed the GRADE methods for registering a project group on GRADE and artificial intelligence (AI). The project group established that the automated tool should be developed according to the following principles: (i) compliance with the current GRADE guidance, (ii) transparency, (iii) human oversight, (iv) implementation of decision rules, (v) ease of use, (vi) understandability, and (vii) continuous improvement. We developed a set of decision rules to appraise each domain of the CoE in pairwise and network meta-analysis. These rules were developed based on official GRADE sources and validated by GRADE experts. Based on these rules, we created a first version (https://gradeai.med.up.pt/) for GRADErater. We are now evaluating this version in terms of (i) its underlying rules and (ii) its user interface. These assessments will allow for a refinement of the rules and of the first version. The modified version will be appraised and presented to the GWG with input from internal and external interest-holders before we seek formal approval. Once launched, the automated tool will be continuously evaluated and refined by incorporating feedback from end users. We will add new features (including generative AI-based functionalities), integrate this tool with GRADEpro, and develop versions in languages other than English. CONCLUSION: This project will follow a transparent methodology to create GRADErater, an official tool endorsed by the GWG that will support humans in applying the most current GRADE methods to rate the CoE.
• Vertical Distribution of Butterfly Community (Lepidoptera) and Its Drivers on Mount Gongga, Western China. Wang, Zhuoyuan; He, Shanyong; Bai, Lei; Wang, Zhaolong; Zhang, Jie; Li, Xiushan (2026). 17(9) 890.
• Increasing and improving sustainability, garden initiatives, and STEM-based programming: A case study in the Memphis Public Libraries. Price, Angela; Bontrager, Laura; Lucatelli, Anthony (2026). 45(4) 418–438.

  The Memphis Public Libraries (MPL) worked to publicize the services, programs, and resources that they offer to the community. They expanded programming related to STEM topics. MPL collaborated with local and national organizations and customized branch community services. This article examines three major prongs of their initiative and shares their impacts, specifically the expansion of the Seed Library, the development of outdoor spaces and gardening initiatives, and the development of STEM-based programming. We hope that other public libraries may be able to draw on this case study to develop or augment their own offerings in sustainability, STEM, and science-based programming.
• Vertical Distribution of Butterfly Community (Lepidoptera) and Its Drivers on Mount Gongga, Western China. Wang, Zhuoyuan; He, Shanyong; Bai, Lei; Wang, Zhaolong; Zhang, Jie; Li, Xiushan (2026). 17(9) 890.
• European forest carbon and biodiversity policies have a limited win-win potential. Balducci, Lorenzo; Haeler, Elena; Paillet, Yoan; Alterio, Edoardo; Ammer, Christian; Archaux, Frédéric; Boch, Steffen; Bouget, Christophe; Brazaitis, Gediminas; Chianucci, Francesco; Cutini, Andrea; De Smedt, Pallieter; Doerfler, Inken; Dvovrák, Daniel; Fischer, Markus; Giordani, Paolo; Gosselin, Marion; Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob; Holá, Eva; Hofmeister, Jeň’yk; Hošek, Jan; García-Mijangos, Itziar; Janssen, Philippe; Jung, Kirsten; Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian; Korboulewsky, Nathalie; Kozák, Daniel; Kuras, Tomáš; Lachat, Thibault; Malívcek, Jivrí; Maarell, Anders; Mikoláš, Martin; Müller, Jörg; Napoleone, Francesca; Nordén, Björn; Ódor, Péter; Palice, Zdeněk; Schall, Peter; Sitzia, Tommaso; Šimkevivcius, Kastytis; Svoboda, Miroslav; Tenvcík, Aleš; Tinya, Flóra; Trentanovi, Giovanni; Ujhazyova, Mariana; Vandekerkhove, Kris; Wohlwend, Michael; Weisser, Wolfgang W.; Burrascano, Sabina (2026). 17(1) 1976.

  Climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation are key forest functions, but how to pursue them jointly in timber-managed forests is still unclear. We use a Europe-wide dataset of forest multi-taxon diversity and stand structure to (i) evaluate the importance of aboveground carbon stocks in determining species richness of six taxonomic groups; (ii) assess relationships between species richness and carbon stocks; (iii) discuss the potential to jointly enhance carbon and biodiversity and policy implications. Carbon-diversity relationships are positive for several groups, but mostly when deadwood pools are considered. Forest policies should consider the complex relationship between different carbon pools and taxonomic groups. Environmental policies emphasizing carbon sequestration in aboveground living biomass may conflict with biodiversity conservation by promoting homogeneous, fast-growing forests that fail to support species diversity of multiple groups. Sustainable forest management should acknowledge that deadwood carbon instead may translate into positive outcomes for both carbon storage and biodiversity conservation.
• Effects of Habitat Types on Pollinators and Seasonal Variations in Plant–Insect Pollination Networks in Nanchong, China. Wang, Qi; Zou, Yunong; Zhou, Xiaokang; Zhang, Jie; Li, Xiushan (2026). 17(9) 930.
• Enhanced myelopoiesis and myeloid TREM1 upregulation link obesity with adverse outcomes after myocardial infarction. Gladow, Nadine; Klohr, Ines; Ding, Xin; Arampatzi, Panagiota; Srivastava, Mugdha; Traub, Jan; Frantz, Stefan; Ramos, Gustavo; Hofmann, Ulrich (2026).

  Obesity induces a systemic low-grade inflammatory activation of the innate immune system potentially impairing early outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI). This study aims to analyse the impact of diet-induced obesity on myelopoiesis, myocardial inflammation, left ventricular function and survival in an experimental mouse model of MI. Male and female C57BL6/J mice were fed either a high-fat (60 kJ \%) or a low-fat (10 kJ \%) diet. Experimental myocardial infarction was induced after 16 weeks of feeding. Left ventricular function was studied by echocardiography. Hematopoietic progenitors and peripheral leukocytes were analysed by flow cytometry. Male obese mice exhibited notably higher body weight, significantly increased myelopoiesis in the spleen and higher leukocyte counts in peripheral blood than their female counterparts. Survival over 56 days after myocardial infarction was significantly impaired in obese compared to lean mice (58\% vs. 87\%). In obese mice, we found significantly elevated myocardial infarction-induced myelopoiesis in the spleen and higher granulocyte, monocyte and pro-inflammatory macrophage numbers in the myocardium. Moreover, RNA-sequencing and immunohistology revealed enhanced triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) expression in obese compared to lean mice on day 5 after myocardial infarction. Blockade of TREM1 led to significantly better preservation of systolic function in obese mice. After myocardial infarction, obese mice of both sexes showed enhanced myelopoiesis and impaired survival compared to lean mice. TREM1 blockade might be a promising therapeutic strategy for preserving systolic function in obese patients with myocardial infarction.
• Biblio-Semences. Bibliothèque Maurice-Loranger (2026).

  Présentez-vous à la bibliothèque Maurice-Loranger avec votre carte d'abonnement pour faire votre sélection. Des documents sur la plantation et la récolte sont également offerts sur place. Les personnes abonnées au réseau des Bibliothèques peuvent obtenir gratuitement jusqu'à 5 sachets de semences (légumes, fleurs ou herbes). Vous avez des semences inutilisées? Basé sur le principe du partage, vous pouvez en faire profiter d'autres personnes. Afin d'assurer le succès des semences et éviter l'hybridation, les variétés sans pesticides, sans herbicides, sans engrais chimiques et issues d'une pollinisation non croisée sont privilégiées. Les graines sont évaluées avant d'être intégrées à la banque de Biblio-Semences.
• Dung beetles do not profit from enhanced spatial heterogeneity in temperate production forests: A forest manipulation experiment. Asch, Johanna; Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael; Pierick, Kerstin; Wild, Clara; Rothacher, Julia; Müller, Jörg; Decker, Orsi; Cesarz, Simone; Daume, Nico; Buse, Jörn; Peters, Marcell K. (2026). 63(2)
• Experimentally manipulating forest structure to mimic management strategies: effects on deadwood fungal diversity and decomposition. Lira Dyson, Bronwyn; Brabcová, Vendula; Baldrian, Petr; Müller, Jörg; Junginger, Michael; Bässler, Claus (I. Anderson, ed.) (2026). 102(3)
• Elevation reverses the effects of forest structure on folivory and leaf asymmetry. Mallick, Soumen; Wild, Clara; Kieffer, Adèle; Torres Pineda, Jorge Salvador; Pierick, Kerstin; Rothacher, Julia; Decker, Orsi; Lettenmaier, Ludwig; Mitesser, Oliver; Eisenhauer, Nico; Mori, Akira S.; Ammer, Christian; Schuldt, Bernhard; Müller, Jörg (2026). 40(4) 1061–1073.
• Forest Heterogeneity by Chain Saw: How Between‐Patch Variation in Old Growth Attributes Changes the Metacommunities of Beetles. Mitesser, Oliver; Cadotte, Marc W.; Mori, Akira S.; van der Plas, Fons; Chao, Anne; Rothacher, Julia; Bässler, Claus; Bevanda, Mirjana; Biedermann, Peter H. W.; Bradler, Pia; Castañeda‐Gómez, Antonio; Decker, Orsi; Delory, Benjamin M.; Dittrich, Sebastian; Feldhaar, Heike; Fichtner, Andreas; Kreis, Alexander; Köstler‐Albert, Lisa; Lettenmaier, Ludwig; von Oheimb, Goddert; Pflumm, Luisa; Pierick, Kerstin; Schwalb‐Willmann, Jakob; Thorn, Simon; Vogelfänger, Leah; Weisser, Wolfgang; Wegmann, Martin; Wild, Clara; Müller, Jörg (2026). 29(3)
• The detection of butterflies with DNA metabarcoding in Malaise trap bulk samples. Hoffmann, Lara; Buchner, Dominik; Uhler, Johannes; Haase, Peter; Müller, Jörg; Stoll, Stefan (2026). 30(2) 31.

  The application of DNA metabarcoding to insect bulk samples still requires some guidance on how to interpret the data provided, including taxon lists and read counts. To this end, it is particularly important to gain insights from samples taken under real field conditions. In our study, we compared butterfly data from Malaise trap samples identified by an expert and DNA metabarcoding. We calculated biomass, species richness, the mean detection congruence, and identified added and missed species records (detection of a species in a sample). We tested if the latter had a lower share of total biomass than the overlapping records, which could be one of the reasons for missing detections. Finally, the relative read count was plotted against the relative biomass to explore the relationship between the two variables. Across all samples, we found a high overall congruence of species, with 23 of 27 overlapping between methods. The mean congruence was 91%. Of the 126 species records, 111 overlapped, 20 were added and 15 were missed in the DNA metabarcoding. Missed records had a significantly lower share of total biomass compared to overlapping records. Most affected by added detections were Lycaenidae. A positive correlation was observed between the relative read count and relative butterfly biomass; however, the explanatory power of the read count was considered low.
• Biodiversity associations between above‐ground and below‐ground communities in mountain forests across different climatic regions. Zou, Jia‐Yun; Seidl, Rupert; Bässler, Claus; Geres, Lisa; Ma, Liang‐Liang; Richter, Tobias; Thom, Dominik; Xiong, Chao; Rieker, Daniel; Zheng, Wei; Müller, Jörg; Chao, Anne; Mitesser, Oliver; Kortmann, Mareike; Rothacher, Julia; Li, De‐Zhu; Liu, Jie; Gao, Lian‐Ming; Luo, Ya‐Huang; Seibold, Sebastian (2026). 114(4)
• Wild bees and the seed library - recent developments in the Green Corner of the Rijeka City Library. Bogdanić, Ana; Cvjetković, Niko (2026). 6(1) 13–16.

  Rijeka City Library is the central public library in Rijeka, Croatia, and is widely recognized as one of the most innovative, progressive, and proactive libraries in the region. Its strategic orientation emphasizes service excellence, the adoption of new technologies, and the strengthening of community resilience. Since 2011, the Library has implemented a wide range of environmentally oriented programs for both children and adults. Among these is a long-standing program for children and parents developed in collaboration with the Mountaineering Society ``Kamenjak'' in Rijeka, entitled Stribor's Forest. This reading program, facilitated by librarians in cooperation with guests from local theatre and sports organizations, annually brings together parents, educators, children, and artists in a nearby forest along the Adriatic coast. In alignment with its strategic objectives, the Rijeka City Library established the Green Corner in 2019 as a dedicated framework for advancing the ``green paradigm,''encompassing sustainable development, green urbanism, environmental science, ecology, gardening, and the green economy.
• Effects of Habitat Types on Pollinators and Seasonal Variations in Plant–Insect Pollination Networks in Nanchong, China. Wang, Qi; Zou, Yunong; Zhou, Xiaokang; Zhang, Jie; Li, Xiushan (2026). 17(9) 930.
• Taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity patterns of Saturniidae moth communities along a tropical forest recovery gradient in Ecuador. Seibold, Sebastian; Rabl, Dominik; Sorger, Paula; Bittermann, Julian; Blüthgen, Nico; Brehm, Gunnar; Busse, Annika; De La Hoz, Maria Camila; Kortmann, Mareike; Kriegel, Peter; Morinière, Jérôme; Püls, Marcel; García‐Ruilova, Ana B.; Schaefer, H. Martin; Tremlett, Constance J.; Müller, Jörg (2026). 19(4) 746–756.
• „Wir sind zum Nadelöhr geworden“: Interview: Wie openDesk künftig an Unternehmen vermarktet wird. Wölbert, Christian (2026). (19) 34–35.

  Austauschbare Komponenten, neues Vertriebsmodell: Bei der Microsoft-Alternative openDesk stehen Änderungen an. Details und Preise verrät das ZenDiS im Interview.
• Mind The Margins: Probing Link Prediction via Perturbations. Memariani, Adel; Sharma, Arnab; Röder, Michael; Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2026).
• When Confidence Turns Against You: Exploiting Link Prediction Scores for Data Poisoning. Memariani, Adel; Sharma, Arnab; Röder, Michael; Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2026).
• Experimental stopping power estimation in a homogeneous phantom via prompt gamma timing towards proton therapy monitoring. Werner, Julius; Pennazio, Francesco; Cerello, Piergiorgio; Fiorina, Elisa; Giordanengo, Simona; Milian, Felix Mas; Mereghetti, Alessio; Mostardi, Franco; Pullia, Marco; Ranjbar, Sahar; Sacchi, Roberto; Vignati, Anna; Rafecas, Magdalena; Ferrero, Veronica (2026).

  The full potential of proton therapy is limited by uncertainties that prevent optimal dose distribution. Monitoring techniques can reduce these uncertainties and enable adaptive treatment planning. Spatiotemporal Emission Reconstruction from Prompt-Gamma Timing (SER-PGT) is a promising method that provides insights into both particle range and stopping power, the calculation of which normally requires knowledge about patient tissue properties that cannot be directly measured. We present the first experimental proof of principle obtained using a 226.9 MeV synchrotron-proton beam impinging on a homogeneous phantom at a subclinical intensity (2 - \\($\$\)4 backslashtimes 10^7\\($\$\) pps). SER-PGT uses data from a multidetector setup: a thin and segmented Low Gain Avalanche Diode for proton detection and Lanthanum Bromide-based crystals for photon detection. The estimated stopping power profile showed an 8%textpm 3% average error compared with the NIST PSTAR values, and a 2%textpm 2% deviation relative to water at 100 MeV. Range assessment in a phantom with a 4 cm air gap successfully identified the range shift with a 3 mm standard deviation. For this proof-of-principle irradiation scenario, the experimental results demonstrate the recovery of both range and stopping power information through SER-PGT, particle kinematics and PGT measurements in a homogeneous target.
• How can remote sensing support urban tree cadaster efforts and diversity analysis of dominant genera?. García de León, Andrea Sofía; Leichtle, Tobias; Droin, Ariane; Rieder, Julia; Castaneda-Gomez, Antonio Jose; Rotzer, Thomas; Martin, Klaus; Ullmann, Tobias; Taubenbock, Hannes (2026). 1–17.
• Office, aber souverän! Wie digitale Arbeitsplätze ohne US-Abhängigkeiten funktionieren. Bleich, Holger; Friedrich, Greta (2026). (19) 16–23.

  Ein Leben ohne Microsoft 365 oder Google Workspace? Was nach digitaler Askese klingt, ist längst eine realistische Option. Europäische Anbieter kombinieren quelloffene Office-Komponenten zu eigenen Online-Arbeitsplätzen. Wir zeigen, was sie mit digitaler Souveränität zu tun haben und wo die Alternativen noch hinter den traditionellen US-Anbietern zurückbleiben.
• Neue Federn: Wie Behörden sich aus der Abhängigkeit von Microsoft befreien. Wölbert, Christian (2026). (19) 24–27.

  Schleswig-Holstein war nur der Anfang: Immer mehr Behörden führen freie Office-Software ein, von kleinen Kommunen bis zu ganzen Landesverwaltungen. Das liegt nicht nur an Trump.
• Bundes-Office läuft auf Mini-PCs: openDesk auf einem Kubernetes-Cluster installieren. Dierking, Niklas (2026). (19) 28–33.

  Die Community Edition von openDesk lässt sich selbst betreiben, aber das ist nicht so einfach. So bauen Sie einen Kubernetes-Cluster und installieren die Suite.
• SECURE FEDERATED INTRUSION DETECTION USING HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH ENSEMBLE LEARNING. Sadaf, Aasim Zafar; Luqman, Mohammad (2026). 18(4) 97–115.

  The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has also resulted in the increase of the demand in the intrusion detection systems, which can detect suspicious activity and keep the information confidential. The traditional centralized machine learning systems involve attaching the data of the distributed devices to a centralized server thus placing them at a risk of being stolen. Federated Learning (FL) may help overcome this difficulty and assist in a distributed model training process without sharing raw client data. Nevertheless, updated versions of models that are transferred in the process of training are susceptible to poisoning or inference attacks at communication and aggregation. This paper proposed a federated intrusion detection system that is secure and involves implementation of Homomorphic Encryption (HE), in this case CKKS scheme, to provide model updates protection in aggregation process. The CICIoT2023 dataset was used in extensive experimentation of the proposed framework in terms of comparing with the classical machine learning baselines and experiences in using ensembles. Our findings show that the centralized Random Forest model with optimal accuracy of 98.57% worked best and the proposed Federated Learning models worked well with the standard FL performance of 79.54% and the encrypted FL+HE model performed with an accuracy of 79.39%. These are some results that demonstrate how Homomorphic Encryption enables the security and confidentiality of model aggregation a significant effect to model detection (reducing by only 0.15 percent), which provides a strong privacy-preserving security solution to decentralized IoT networks.
• La substitution studies on the heavy-fermion superconductor CeRh\($_\mathbf2$\)As\($_\mathbf2$\). Ravi Sankar, Sushma Lakshmi; Brando, Manuel; Wosnitza, Jochen; Khim, Seunghyun (2026). 114(11) 115129-.
• The distribution of integer partitions in human genome-wide genealogies reflects gene flow from a super-archaic lineage. Mackintosh, Alexander (2026).

  Several recent studies have found evidence for ancient gene flow between the ancestors of modern humans and an unsampled super-archaic lineage. Here we present a new, simple approach for characterising this process given genome-wide genealogies sampled from a single population. We summarise genealogies as distributions of integer partitions and show that this captures the temporal signal of tree imbalance left by ancient gene flow. We analyse genealogies from modern humans and find that the integer partition distributions are inconsistent with a history of panmixia but can be explained by gene flow from a super-archaic lineage. Our analysis favours a model of continuous gene flow over pulse-admixture and also recovers a bottleneck in the ancestors of modern humans. This work highlights a clear signal of ancient structure in genealogies of modern humans and provides an inference approach that complements existing methods.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.
• Vestibular Physiotherapy Edmonton. point Physiotherapy, Turning (2026).
• PET-Physics: A Packing Evaluation Tool Considering Physics. Enzenhofer, F.; Ondrej, J.; Nüchter, A. (2026). 1–6.

  Without having a robotic bin packing setup, the prediction whether a packing plan results in a stable pallet is based on an informed guess based on prior experience. Since such a setup is costly, for many algorithms it is unclear if they are suitable for production. To close this gap, we provide our simulation framework PET-Physics that enables researchers to assess a solver’s quality. Based on the pose recording of all bodies, it is possible to check not only for static stability, but also dynamic stability of a packing plan. A novel feature of our tool is the provision of data that supports the detection of boxes that might be overloaded. We demonstrated the realism of our framework by comparing simulation runs with real-world palletization. Our packing evaluation tool considering physics is publicly available at https://github. com/floriankagerer/pet-physics
• A data quality checklist for undergraduate data stewardship: Development, implementation, and evidence from two library courses. Zakharov, Wei (2026).
• Wann kommen Robotaxis nach Deutschland? Rechtsrahmen, Genehmigungsverfahren und aktueller Stand autonomer Fahrdienste. Dr. Baran Kizilirmak, LL.M. (L. Dr. Baran Kizilirmak, ed.) (2026).
• Öffentliche Bibliotheken und Community Resilience - Was können sie zur Resilienz von Städten und Gemeinden leisten? 114. BiblioCon, Berlin. Schumann, Tim (2026).

  Der Vortrag untersucht, wie öffentliche Bibliotheken zur Stärkung urbaner Resilienz beitragen können. Ausgangspunkt ist der globale Transformationsdruck durch die VUCA-Welt und die Herausforderungen einer glqq2-Grad-Plus-Weltgrqq, die grundlegende ökologische, soziale und ökonomische Veränderungen mit sich bringt. Öffentliche Bibliotheken rücken dabei als besondere soziale Infrastrukturen in den Fokus: Sie sind konsumfreie, niedrigschwellige, für alle zugängliche Räume, die viele Menschen erreichen und in Städten häufig zu den meistbesuchten Bildungs- und Kulturorten gehören. Durch ihre lokale Verankerung in Nachbarschaften und ihre Funktion als glqqlow-intensive meeting placesgrqq besitzen sie ein hohes Potenzial, Gemeinschaften bzw. Communities zu stärken. Zentrales Konzept ist die glqqCommunity Resiliencegrqq -- eine entscheidende Säule urbaner Resilienz, die durch öffentliche Infrastrukturen gefördert wird. Der Vortrag zeigt, dass Bibliotheken in Deutschland diese Rolle bislang wenig reflektiert haben, während andere Länder bereits weitergehende Modelle bzw. Aktivitäten entwickelt haben. Durch internationale Beispiele soll ein vertieftes Verständnis dieses Tätigkeitsfeldes ermöglicht werden. Um Theorie und Praxis zu verbinden, dient die Stadtbibliothek Berlin-Pankow als Fallstudie. Auf Grundlage ihrer Leitbilder, Strategien und Konzepte wird ein praxisnaher Strategieentwurf entwickelt, der lokal wirksam ist und zugleich Ansatzpunkte für andere Bibliothekssysteme bietet. Der Vortrag basiert auf der Masterarbeit des Verfassers, die im Frühjahr 2026 eingereicht wird.
• An Editor on Generative AI: The Tool That Blunts the User. Daniels, Lauren Elise (2026, August 31).

  Over the past eighteen months, an increasing number of people using generative AI have requested my editing services to support their attempts at creative writing. By gen AI, I’m referring to programs that siphon the published work of human beings, not supportive AI like spell-check or the editor function of Microsoft Word. Across these submissions, patterns are revealing how AI is manipulating us, rather than the other way around, like a hammer that keeps coming down upon our fingers. What I’m finding is insidious and well beyond the marketing tone, arguments about em dashes, or annoying buzzwords.
• Freshwater-Induced Surface Cooling of the Subpolar North Atlantic in a Large-Ensemble, High-Resolution, Coupled Model. Ayres, Holly C.; Oltmanns, Marilena (2026). 53(17) e2026GL122236.

  Abstract As a gateway between the Arctic and subtropics, the subpolar North Atlantic plays a key role in large-scale climate variability. In recent decades, the region has experienced pronounced freshening. While much attention has been paid to the expected long-term weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the impact of freshwater on surface fluxes and seasonal to decadal air-sea coupling remains poorly understood. Here, we explore the detailed mechanism by which the sea surface salinity in the subpolar gyre is linked to the local sea surface cooling with the CANARI Large Ensemble of the HadGEM3-GC3.1 climate model. Our analyses suggest that freshwater fluxes modulate upper ocean dynamics, which enhance local cooling in winter and can explain the North Atlantic warming hole without the need to invoke large-scale ocean circulation changes as a driver. Moreover, by shaping the local air-sea heat fluxes, the freshening can have further-reaching implications.
• Anpassung von Wäldern durch Unterstützte Migration: Potentiale und Risiken. Kätzel, Ralf; Bauhus, Jürgen; Endres, Ewald; Dieter, Matthias; Lang, Friederike; Meyer, Peter; Schraml, Ulrich; Weber-Blashke, Gabriele; Farwig, Nina; Hafner, Annette; Kleinschmidt, Birgit; Knoke, Thomas; Lindner, Markus; Müller, Jörg; Seeling, Ute (2026, April).
• Tree Regeneration After Unprecedented Forest Disturbances in Central Europe Is Robust but Maladapted to Future Climate Change. Potterf, Mária; Schattenberg, Christian; Krüger, Kirsten; Hochholzer, Kilian; Rammer, Werner; Grünig, Marc; Braziunas, Kristin H.; Dollinger, Christina; Erhardt, Aikio; Gégout, Jean‐Claude; Geres, Lisa; Greiner, Sina; Hlásny, Tomáš; Huber, Anne; Kerber, Jonas; Lecina‐Diaz, Judit; Mandl, Lisa; Modlinger, Roman; Mohr, Johannes S.; Müller, Jörg; Mazón, Miguel Muñoz; Pinto, Paulina E.; Richter, Tobias; Seibold, Sebastian; Senf, Cornelius; Serra‐Diaz, Josep M.; Stritih, Ana; Thom, Dominik; Viana‐Soto, Alba; Zou, Jiayun; Seidl, Rupert (2026). 32(2)
• Disparate recovery of phylogenetic diversity across taxa during tropical rainforest regeneration. Escobar, Sebastián; Endara, María-José; Blüthgen, Nico; Brehm, Gunnar; Burneo, Santiago F.; Diniz, Ugo Mendes; Donoso, David A.; Erazo, Santiago; Feldhaar, Heike; Grella, Nina; Keller, Alexander; Landim, Anna R.; Leonhardt, Sara D.; Marín-Armijos, Diego; Müller, Jörg; Neira-Salamea, Karla; Neuschulz, Eike Lena; Newell, Felicity L.; Pedersen, Karen M.; Rödel, Mark-Oliver; Schleuning, Matthias; Tschapka, Marco; Guevara-Andino, Juan Ernesto (2026). 293(2066)
• Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adults: A Review. Smolen, Josef S.; Kerschbaumer, Andreas; Aletaha, Daniel; Robinson, William H. (2026).
• Different Scales, Different Rules: How Do Temperature and Radiation Across Macro‐ and Microclimate Shape Forest Insect Traits?. Pickert, Ruth; Heidrich, Lea; Mallick, Soumen; Hagge, Jonas; Lehnert, Lukas; Mitesser, Oliver; Bae, Soyeon; Dörfler, Inken; Gossner, Martin M.; Schall, Peter; Weisser, Wolfgang W.; Müller, Jörg (2026). 16(8)
• Dying oaks are biodiversity hotspots rather than a source of pests. Hausmann, Ronja; Bußler, Heinz; Finnberg, Sven; Hilmers, Torben; Huszarik, Maike; Mallick, Soumen; Pretzsch, Hans; Schrauth, Korbinian; Weisser, Wolfgang; Thorn, Simon; Müller, Jörg (2026). 321 112004.
• Interoperability for Energy-Related Ontologies: The ENERO Ontology Foundry for the Energy Domain. Stappel, Mirjam; Wein, Amanda; Mossakowski, Till; Neuhaus, Fabian; Hülk, Ludwig; Arellano Ruiz, Eugenio; Weko, Silvia; Hoyer-Klick, Carsten (2026). 9
• COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Safety for the 2026-2027 Respiratory Season. Lipson, Rachel A.; Senerth, Emily; Watson, Michelle A.; Saini, Harseerat; Falk, Jordan; Tangri, Neha; Sheikholeslamian, Seyyedeh Mahsa; Sivakumaran, Kapeena; Babatunde, Ifeoluwa; Wharton, Melinda; Ulrich, Angela K.; Moat, Leah E.; Stoddart, Clare J.; Holmes, Elise J.; Walensky, Rochelle P.; Basta, Nicole E.; Morgan, Rebecca L. (2026).
• From agriculture back to tropical rainforest: When does ecological succession stabilize hot and dry extremes?. Newell, Felicity L.; Villa-Galaviz, Edith; Tremlett, Constance J.; Escobar, Sebastián; Argoti, Adriana; Büttner, Nicole; Carvajal, Julio; Checa, María F.; Krauth, Katrin; Pazmiño-Otamendi, Gustavo; Pedersen, Karen M.; Tamayo, Bryan; Müller, Jörg; Guevara-Andino, Juan Ernesto; Endara, María-José; Schaefer, H Martin; Donoso, David A.; Blüthgen, Nico (2026). 382 111086.
• Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness and Safety for the 2026-2027 Respiratory Season. Senerth, Emily; Sheikholeslamian, Seyyedeh Mahsa; Sivakumaran, Kapeena; Watson, Michelle A.; Lipson, Rachel A.; Saini, Harseerat; Falk, Jordan; Tangri, Neha; Babatunde, Ifeoluwa; Wharton, Melinda; Ulrich, Angela; Moat, Leah E.; Stoddart, Clare J.; Redepenning, Sydney G.; Walensky, Rochelle P.; Basta, Nicole E.; Morgan, Rebecca L. (2026).
• AI in the eyes of VGU students - growth, ethics, and green concerns. Poster presented at IFLA WLIC 2026, Busan, South Korea. Nguyen, Yen; Nguyen, Tri (2026).

  As artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in higher education, understanding student perceptions is essential for responsible and effective integration. This study investigates the relationship between AI literacy, ethical concerns, sustainability perception, institutional trust, and perceived academic growth at Vietnamese--German University. A mixed-method approach was utilized, combining a survey of 204 students and interviews with 15 students at all levels. Quantitative data were analyzed using a PLS-SEM model with bootstrapping, qualitative findings provided additional insights. The results reveal a significant gap between the high frequency of AI use and students' limited ability to critically evaluate its impacts, suggesting inadequate knowledge of AI. Students primarily view AI as a productivity-enhancing tool rather than a creativity-enhancing tool and tend to use it as a supplement rather than a replacement for human cognition. Ethical concerns significantly impact trust in the institution, while awareness of sustainability emerges as a strong predictor of both student trust and motivation. These findings underscore the need for higher education institutions to enhance their knowledge of artificial intelligence and integrate ethical and sustainability-oriented frameworks into their AI application strategies to ensure responsible and effective adoption.
• Diversity and host-networks of saproxylic beetles along a forest recovery gradient in the tropics. Falconí-López, Ana; Grella, Nina; Donoso, David A.; Feldhaar, Heike; Huszarik, Maike; Müller, Jörg (2026). 619 124102.
• Canopy gap dynamics contribute to drought-induced defoliation in European beech. Rieder, Julia S; Link, Roman M; Pierick, Kerstin; Seidel, Dominik; Fäth, Julian; Zang, Christian; Ullmann, Tobias; Schuldt, Bernhard (2026). 99(4) cpag060.

  European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), one of the most important deciduous timber species in Central Europe, experienced widespread crown defoliation and tree mortality during the severe drought in 2018/19, but responses varied strongly among individuals. Canopy gaps were found to be one driver of this variability. In this study, we investigated how the size, orientation, and the temporal dynamics of canopy gaps and open areas affect crown defoliation in European beech during the 2018/19 drought across 19 beech-dominated sites in Bavaria, Germany. To quantify canopy gap dynamics around individual beech target trees, we derived gap area metrics from multitemporal digital surface models derived from orthophotos across three timesteps. For each target tree, total canopy gap area was calculated within a 15 m buffer. To capture directional effects, the gap area was additionally partitioned into eight cardinal and intercardinal directions, allowing us to characterize the spatial configuration of gaps relative to each tree. Our results indicate that trees exposed to gaps on their western side (meaning the tree was located at the eastern edge of the gap) exhibited significantly higher defoliation, highlighting possible combined influences of higher exposure to wind and solar radiation. In contrast, gaps towards the north of the trees were associated with lower defoliation. Increases in gap area between 2013/14 and 2019 towards the southwest were linked to higher drought stress. While the gap-related predictors explained only a modest proportion of the total variability, site-level differences in general conditions accounted for a substantially larger portion. Our findings demonstrate the potential of digital surface models from orthophotos as a reproducible, remote sensing-based workflow for capturing detailed spatial and temporal canopy gap dynamics across forest sites. For practical management, the directional orientation of canopy openings should be considered when planning silvicultural interventions, as western and southwestern exposures may increase drought vulnerability of valuable target trees.
• Decomposing the Time Series Forecasting Pipeline: A Modular Approach for Time Series Representation, Information Extraction, and Projection. Leppich, Robert; Stenger, Michael; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel (2026).
• Decomposing the Time Series Forecasting Pipeline: A Modular Approach for Time Series Representation, Information Extraction, and Projection. Leppich, Robert; Stenger, Michael; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel (2026).
• Decomposing the Time Series Forecasting Pipeline: A Modular Approach for Time Series Representation, Information Extraction, and Projection. Leppich, Robert; Stenger, Michael; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel (2026).
• Decomposing the Time Series Forecasting Pipeline: A Modular Approach for Time Series Representation, Information Extraction, and Projection. Leppich, Robert; Stenger, Michael; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel (2026).
• Decomposing the Time Series Forecasting Pipeline: A Modular Approach for Time Series Representation, Information Extraction, and Projection. Leppich, Robert; Stenger, Michael; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel (2026).
• Load-bearing knowledge: The Anythink Nature Library. Lenstra, Noah (2026). 151(Aug 26)

  Anythink Libraries opened the doors of the Anythink Nature Library, billed as the first public nature library in the United States, at 11 a.m. on August 8, welcoming thousands of visitors on its first day. The 33,000 square foot building sits on a 15-acre campus in Thornton, CO, adjacent to 140 acres of open land that the library will activate through programming. Maria Mayo-Peaseley, the Nature Library's branch manager, encountered the Environmental Kinship Model at an environmental educators' conference in 2023 and brought it back to the design team. The model sorts a person's relationship with the natural world into four modes, each with its own vocabulary: learning about nature (inquiry, study, initiative); learning in nature (accessibility, exploration, engagement, agency); learning with nature (relationship, participation, connection, spirit); and learning for nature (guardianship, responsibility, sustainability). The library is physically oriented around those four pillars---and adds a fifth, an Indigenous collection that ``honors ancestral wisdom and deep connection to the land,'' according to the library's planning materials.
• Identifying the scale of effect of habitat for diversity and biomass of multiple arthropod taxa. Uhler, Johannes; Kortmann, Mareike; Mitesser, Oliver; Zhang, Jie; Tobisch, Cynthia; Benjamin, Caryl S.; Decker, Orsi; Englmeier, Jana; Fricke, Ute; Ganuza, Cristina; Haensel, Maria; Redlich, Sarah; Riebl, Rebekka; Rojas-Botero, Sandra; Rummler, Thomas; Uphus, Lars; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf; Müller, Jörg (2026). 41(8) 138.

  Understanding how landscape composition influences biodiversity is a central objective of landscape ecology. Because species respond to environmental conditions across different spatial scales, landscape effects are inherently scale-dependent, making the identification of ecologically relevant spatial scales essential for robust analyses of patterns in insect communities.
• Regime shifts of AMOC-sea surface temperature relationship. Fan, Yifei; Chan, Duo; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Kim, Who M.; Zhang, Pengfei; Li, Laifang (2026). 17(1) 9416-.

  The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays critical roles in regulating climate, and subpolar North Atlantic sea-surface temperature (SST) patterns are widely used to infer changes in its strength. Yet the stationarity of their relationship remains unclear. Here, using Community Earth System Model simulations spanning various climate states and a multi-model ensemble, we show that this relationship is state-dependent. We identify three distinct regimes: strong AMOC with the typical dipole fingerprint; intermediate AMOC with amplified subpolar SST anomalies; and weak AMOC with muted North Atlantic signals. These regimes arise primarily from changes in atmospheric radiative processes, while ocean processes contribute indirectly through air–sea interactions. The year of peak AMOC–SST sensitivity emerges as a predictor of the transition into the weak-AMOC regime and associated decay of the North Atlantic warming hole, offering a physically-based constraint on model uncertainties in climate projections. Our findings also imply that SST-based AMOC indicators must account for state dependence.
• From forest stand decline to salvage logging: Cascading impacts on saproxylic beetle diversity. Cours, Jérémy; Sallé, Aurélien; Larrieu, Laurent; Lopez‐Vaamonde, Carlos; Müller, Jörg; Parmain, Guilhem; Thorn, Simon; Roques, Alain; Bouget, Christophe (2026). 63(7)
• Using Sentinel-2 Time Series to Monitor the Loss of Individual Large Trees in Humanized Landscapes. Soutinho, João Gonçalo; Vierling, Kerri T.; Vierling, Lee A.; Müller, Jörg; Gonçalves, João F. (2026). 18(10) 1519.
• The invisible heterogeneity of forests---\($\beta$\)-diversity of volatiles. Carlson, Lena; Müller, Jörg; Ammer, Christian; Bässler, Claus; Bevanda, Mirjana; Biedermann, Peter H. W.; Bradler, Pia M.; Casta~neda-Gómez, Antonio J.; Delory, Benjamin M.; Dittrich, Sebastian; Dyson, Bronwyn Lira; Fichtner, Andreas; Mitesser, Oliver; von Oheimb, Goddert; Pflumm, Luisa; Pierick, Kerstin; Rothacher, Julia; Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael; Schwalb-Willmann, Jakob; Wegmann, Martin; Wild, Clara; Schmitt, Thomas (2026). 41(4) 62.

  Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) create invisible chemical landscapes that influence ecosystem processes. Yet whether VOC \($\beta$\)-diversity (i.e., variability in VOC composition between patches) responds to structural heterogeneity and reflects silvicultural habitat management remains unclear.
• Accounting for spatial interactions in the upscaling of ecosystem services. Boesing, Andrea Larissa; Le Provost, Gaëtane; Neyret, Margot; Linstädter, Anja; Muro, Javier; Müller, Jörg; Jung, Kirsten; Fischer, Markus; Lange, Maximilian; Dubovyk, Olena; Magdon, Paul; Bolliger, Ralph; Leimer, Sophia; Boch, Steffen; Renner, Swen; Kleinebecker, Till; Hamer, Ute; Klaus, Valentin H.; Wilcke, Wolfgang; Manning, Peter (2026). 17(5) 1671–1687.
• Towards a near real-time remote sensing monitoring system of forest canopy cover loss in Bavaria, Germany. Jaggy, Niklas; Thonfeld, Frank; Kacic, Patrick; Herbst, Nikolas; Kortmann, Mareike; Kounev, Samuel; Müller, Jörg; Kuenzer, Claudia (F. Fassnacht, ed.) (2026). 99(2)
• Recovery of tree-related microhabitats in a tropical rainforest after agricultural abandonment. Hausmann, Ronja; Escobar, Sebastián; Blüthgen, Nico; Schaefer, H. Martin; Newell, Felicity L.; Endara, Maria-José; Guevara-Andino, Juan Ernesto; Feldhaar, Heike; Kraus, Daniel; Thom, Dominik; Müller, Jörg (2026). 316 111739.
• Biodiversity resilience in a tropical rainforest. Metz, Timo; Farwig, Nina; Dormann, Carsten F.; Schaefer, H. Martin; Guevara-Andino, Juan E.; Brehm, Gunnar; Burneo, Santiago; Chao, Anne; Chazdon, Robin L.; Colwell, Robert K.; Diniz, Ugo M.; Donoso, David A.; Endara, María-José; Erazo, Santiago; Escobar, Sebastián; Falconí-López, Ana; Feldhaar, Heike; Villamarin, Mishell Garcia; Grella, Nina; Heer, Katrin; Heethoff, Michael; Keller, Alexander; Landim, Anna R.; Leonhardt, Sara D.; Lopez, Eva Tamargo; Marín-Armijos, Diego; Müller, Jörg; Neira-Salamea, Karla; Neuschulz, Eike Lena; Pedersen, Karen M.; Rödel, Mark-Oliver; Schleuning, Matthias; Schmitt, Thomas; Staab, Michael; Tartara, Arianna; Tinoco, Boris A.; Tremlett, Constance J.; Tschapka, Marco; Unsicker, Sybille; Villa-Galaviz, Edith; Blüthgen, Nico (2026). 652(8112) 1232–1239.

  The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to stop biodiversity losses1. Approximately 60% of tropical forests have already been lost or severely degraded2, making restoration essential to achieve conservation goals. Recovery trajectories of trees have been studied intensively3,4, but a comprehensive understanding of biodiversity recovery is lacking. Here we analyse recovery trajectories across trophic levels including 16 taxonomic groups from three kingdoms in a lowland tropical forest by investigating resistance to perturbation, recovery times and return rates to old-growth forest conditions. Abundance and diversity regained more than 90% and composition approximately 75% similarity to old-growth forests within 30thinspaceyears, but full recovery takes several decades. Mobile animal communities acting as seed dispersers or pollinators had high resistance levels and recovered faster than trees or tree seedlings. Return rates contributed 1--2.5 times more than resistance to the recovery times of species composition. Taxon-specific recovery times could not be explained by simple mechanisms (life-history strategies, trophic level or mobility). We show the enormous potential of protecting naturally recovering secondary forests to stop and reverse biodiversity losses.
• Restoring structural complexity in temperate forests increases bat and bird diversity. Wild, Clara; Chao, Anne; Chuang, Po-Yen; Cadotte, Marc; Daume, Nico; Decker, Orsi; Hausmann, Ronja; Hochrein, Sophia; Junginger, Michael; Kortmann, Mareike; Kümmet, Sonja; Mallick, Soumen; Mitesser, Oliver; Pickert, Ruth; Rothacher, Julia; Sattler, Kai; Schlüter, Jens; Thorn, Simon; Müller, Jörg (2026). 36(11) 2840–2852.e4.
• Satellite data show trees delay budburst across landscapes to escape herbivores. Mallick, Soumen; Lichter, Jens; Bae, Soyeon; Kneib, Thomas; Molleman, Freerk; Leroy, Benjamin M. L.; Hilmers, Torben; Huszarik, Maike; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Weisser, Wolfgang W.; Jehle, Johannes A.; Müller, Jörg; Prinzing, Andreas (2026). 10(7) 1287–1295.

  In recent years, budburst, the timing of leaf emergence, has advanced less than expected despite continued spring warming, suggesting counteracting ecological forces. One of these forces might be increased and earlier herbivory on young leaves under climate warming. Here using 5thinspaceyears of satellite radar data from 27,500thinspacepixels (10\thinspace\texttimes10\thinspacem2) across 60 temperate oak forest sites under experimental manipulation of insect herbivore loads in Central Europe, we show that prior-year leaf herbivory delayed budburst by 3thinspacedays, cancelling the phenological advance observed during a decade of warming. This delay reduced subsequent herbivory by 55%, exceeding the effects of parasitoids or pathogens, and persisted even during pest outbreaks. Across landscapes, the delay was strongest where it probably provided the highest benefit, that is, where a given amount of delay most effectively reduced following herbivory, which suggests an adaptive tree defence. Ultimately, trees may be trapped between responding to two opposing consequences of global change: warming selects for earlier budburst, whereas herbivory selects for delay. Our results underscore the need to consider not only climate, but also plant--herbivore interactions and adaptive evolution to predict tree responses to a changing world.
• Enhancing structural heterogeneity in managed forest landscapes promotes gamma but not beta diversity in understorey plant communities. Bradler, Pia M.; Delory, Benjamin M.; Dittrich, Sebastian; Ammer, Christian; Bässler, Claus; Cadotte, Marc W.; Chao, Anne; Chuang, Po‐Yen; Härdtle, Werner; Mitesser, Oliver; Mori, Akira S.; Müller, Jörg; Nishizawa, Keita; van der Plas, Fons; von Oheimb, Goddert; Fichtner, Andreas (2026). 63(7)
• Fungal community development in the soils of a mixed temperate forest reflects harvesting intensity following gap felling and selective cutting. Awokunle Hollá, Sandra; Brabcová, Vendula; Raimbault, Alexandre; Müller, Jörg; Bässler, Claus; Baldrian, Petr (2026). 608 123593.
• Ergosterol-depleted clinical isolates of <i>Nakaseomyces glabratus</i> can develop multi-drug resistance without severe fitness defects or attenuated virulence in an invertebrate infection model. Aldejohann, Alexander M.; Thielemann, Nadja; Zurita, Aina Martinez; Müller, Christoph; Gräfenhan, Tom; Kriz, Richard; Lagler, Heimo; Behr, Isabell S.; Reus, Nathalie; Schöninger, Annika; Walther, Grit; Mazan, Lena-Marie; Wilhelm, Hannah; Willinger, Birgit; Cuomo, Christina A.; Kurzai, Oliver; Martin, Ronny (2026). 17(6) e02731–25.

  ABSTRACT Nakaseomyces glabratus (formerly Candida glabrata) is a leading cause of invasive candidiasis and rapidly develops antifungal drug resistance during treatment. An increasing number of clinical isolates show reduced susceptibility to echinocandins and azoles, leaving amphotericin B (AMB) as a last therapeutic option. Resistance of N. glabratus to this drug is rare, and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here, we describe two independent multidrug-resistant bloodstream isolates displaying resistance to AMB and anidulafungin (ANF), as well as a reduced susceptibility to azoles. We performed whole-genome sequencing and sterol profiling on nine clinical N. glabratus isolates, which were resistant to ANF and displayed resistance or low susceptibility to fluconazole (FLU) and AMB. We identified loss-of-function mutations in the genes ERG3 and ERG4, which could be linked to ergosterol depletion and AMB resistance. The transcriptional response of the reference strain CBS138 and an AMBR + ANFR isolate was analyzed by RNA-seq, revealing that ergosterol depletion also contributed to upregulation of ERG and ABC transporter genes, which might explain the low FLU susceptibility. Surprisingly, the AMBR isolates displayed severe fitness defects, and one of them was fully virulent in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Our results indicate that ergosterol depletion in N. glabratus leads to AMB resistance without affecting fitness or virulence.IMPORTANCE The major human fungal pathogen Nakaseomyces glabratus is well known for its fast development of antifungal drug resistance, especially against commonly used azoles. However, it can also acquire resistance to echinocandins, leading to multidrug resistance (MDR) and leaving amphotericin B (AMB) as the last therapeutic option. AMB resistance is rare, mainly caused by ergosterol depletion, and is normally associated with severe fitness costs for the pathogen. However, we found N. glabratus bloodstream isolates with stable AMB resistance without apparent fitness and virulence defects. The underlying ergosterol depletion contributed to low azole susceptibility and was associated with anidulafungin resistance. These findings demonstrate how fast MDR can evolve in N. glabratus and underline the need for close resistance monitoring.
• Structural complexity and prey availability shape spider communities under retention forestry. Fardiansah, Riko; Rehling, Finn; Cordeiro Pereira, João M.; Heidrich, Lea; Stör, Jean‐Léonard; Rothacher, Julia; Müller, Jörg; Klein, Alexandra‐Maria (2026). 63(5)
• Temperate forest heterogeneity decreases local and landscape‐scale spider diversity through habitat filtering despite increasing species turnover. Stör, Jean‐Léonard; Rothacher, Julia; Cadotte, Marc W.; Chao, Anne; Huszarik, Maike; Junginger, Michael; Köstler‐Albert, Lisa; Mitesser, Oliver; Mori, Akira S.; Wild, Clara; Müller, Jörg (2026). 95(9) 1793–1806.
• Contrasting direct and indirect effects of roe deer on herb layer vegetation in gaps and closed canopies. Lettenmaier, Ludwig; Cadotte, Marc W.; Dittrich, Sebastian; Pierick, Kerstin; Ammer, Christian; Bradler, Pia M.; Cesarz, Simone; Eisenhauer, Nico; Fichtner, Andreas; Kraus, Daniel; Mallick, Soumen; Mysterud, Atle; von Oheimb, Goddert; Ristok, Christian; Müller, Jörg (2026). 114(6)
• Multi-host and multi-taxon experiment reveals the overlooked importance of small-sized carrion for biodiversity. Horlebein, Sophie; Mitesser, Oliver; Rothacher, Julia; Benbow, M. Eric; von Hoermann, Christian; Kühn, Gwen; Fiderer, Christian; Rietz, Janine; Lackner, Tomáš; Bässler, Claus; Heurich, Marco; Müller, Jörg (2026). 94 49–60.
• Spatial microclimatic heterogeneity is associated with forest structure and biodiversity. Pierick, Kerstin; Seidel, Dominik; Bradler, Pia; Cesarz, Simone; Decker, Orsi; Delory, Benjamin M.; Dittrich, Sebastian; Ehbrecht, Martin; Eisenhauer, Nico; Fichtner, Andreas; Junginger, Michael; Köhler, Michael; Lettenmaier, Ludwig; Link, Roman M.; Mallick, Soumen; Müller, Jörg; Rothacher, Julia; Rugen, Lena; Scholz, Guido F.; Stör, Jean-Léonard; Weißing, Kim K.; Wild, Clara; von Oheimb, Goddert; Ammer, Christian; Schuldt, Bernhard (2026). 187 114874.
• Artificial gaps but not thinning persistently enhance forest structural heterogeneity. Pierick, Kerstin; Link, Roman Mathias; Inderwies, Heidi Linda; Koolen, Stephanie Puggaard; Wu, Biyun; Schuldt, Bernhard; Müller, Jörg; Ammer, Christian; Seidel, Dominik (2026). 145(4) 68.

  The strong focus on wood production has led to structural homogenization of managed forests worldwide, reducing habitat heterogeneity and thereby \($\beta$\)-diversity of forest dwelling taxa. The Enhanced Structural Beta Complexity (ESBC) approach aims to counteract this by actively creating a heterogeneous structural mosaic in production forests. This is achieved by applying combinations of different deadwood retention treatments and spatial timber removal patterns (thinning vs. gaps) in neighboring forest patches. In a field experiment, heterogeneous ESBC-treated forest districts (10--20 ha) were implemented in temperate broad-leaf forests and paired with homogeneous control districts. Heterogeneity in the ESBC districts was created by applying 15 treatments in forest patches of 50 m texttimes 50 m. The treatments combined cutting 30% of the stand basal area, either regularly distributed throughout the whole patch (thinning) or aggregated in the patch center (gap), with deadwood retention. We quantified the changes of forest structure in 90 forest patches using a 7-year time series of repeated terrestrial laser scanning and calculated three indices: stand structural complexity index, understory complexity index, and canopy openness. While thinning had only minor effects, the removal of equal amounts of timber through gap felling greatly affected all structural indices. In canopy gaps, structural development was highly dynamic between years and impacted by deadwood retention treatments. Mostly driven by the pronounced structural changes in canopy gaps, ESBC treatments effectively lead to structurally heterogeneous forests throughout the post-intervention period. Therefore, the ESBC approach is a promising tool for integrating biodiversity conservation in multifunctional forests.
• Modelling Model Uncertainties Ontologically. Stappel, Mirjam; Mossakowski, Till; Neuhaus, Fabian; Berendes, Sarah (2025).
• Accommodating seed libraries into public libraries: A platform to address food insecurity in India. Bhanu, Mariam; Dhanyasree, V. K. (2025). 44(5) 662–677.

  There are several initiatives adopted by public libraries to address issues on food insecurity which includes public food programs, community-based agricultural programmes, community food gardens, and seed libraries. The need of a seed library in the community is not just about promoting agricultural practices, it also helps to address the rising food insecurity and hunger issues prevailing in the society. This paper explores how seed libraries could be incorporated within public libraries and their scope in Indian context. For the purpose of the study, previous articles on seed libraries were analyzed to understand its functions and operations. The ``Annapurna Seed Library'' in Assam is selected to provide insight on the scope for seed libraries in India and how it could be implemented in other states as well.
• Vlasov methods in space physics and astrophysics. Palmroth, Minna; Ganse, Urs; Pfau-Kempf, Yann; Battarbee, Markus; Alho, Markku; Nättilä, Joonas; Zaitsev, Ivan; Cozzani, Giulia; Papadakis, Konstantinos; Kotipalo, Leo; Zhou, Hongyang; Turc, Lucile; Hoilijoki, Sanni; Grandin, Maxime; Pänkäläinen, Lauri; Sandroos, Arto; von Alfthan, Sebastian (2025). 11(1) 3.

  This paper reviews Vlasov-based numerical methods used to model plasma in space physics and astrophysics. Plasma consists of collectively behaving charged particles that form the major part of baryonic matter in the Universe. Many physical concepts ranging from our own planetary environment to the Solar system and beyond can be understood in terms of kinetic plasma physics, represented by the Vlasov equation. We introduce the physical basis for the Vlasov systems, and then outline the associated numerical methods that are typically used. A particular application of the Vlasov system is Vlasiator, the world's first global hybrid-Vlasov simulation for the Earth's magnetic domain, the magnetosphere. We introduce the design strategies for Vlasiator and outline its numerical concepts ranging from solvers to coupling schemes. We review Vlasiator's parallelisation methods and introduce the used high-performance computing (HPC) techniques. A short review of verification, validation, and physical results is included. The purpose of the paper is to present the Vlasov equation and its use in numerical modelling, introduce an example implementation, and to illustrate that even with massive computational challenges, an accurate description of physics is highly rewarding as it allows to significantly advance our understanding of complex plasma systems. As an update to the previous paper in this series, we especially highlight latest trends in HPC including graphics processing units (GPUs) and emerging applications in astrophysical plasmas.
• A Survey on Resource Management Solutions, Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities in Fog Computing Ghoneim, Firas (2025).
• Early Detection of Parkinson Disease through Biomedical Speech and Voice Analysis. Badhan, Pawan Kumar; Kaur, Manjeet (P. K. Badhan, ed.) (2024). 13(2)

  Parkinson's disease, widely recognized as a neurodegenerative condition characterized by subtle changes in voice, has spurred an investigation into voice analysis for diagnostic purposes. This study is dedicated to the early detection of Parkinson's disease through a comprehensive examination of biomedical speech attributes. Parameters such as fundamental frequency range, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonics ratio, and features derived from nonlinear analysis are considered, alongside variables like status, indicating the presence of neurological disorders, and class for classification purposes. Together, these attributes provide a detailed representation of voice signals, offering valuable insights into both neurological and voice disorders for research purposes. The dataset exhibits promising potential for applications in medical diagnostics and voice analysis. In the pursuit of accurate disease detection, various machine learning methodologies are employed, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Neural Networks (NN), and stateof-the-art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The incorporation of CNNs is pivotal, signifying a significant leap in accuracy of 100% for disease detection. The results showcase a model adept at discerning subtle changes associated with Parkinson's disease, with SVM achieving 96%, Decision Tree demonstrating a perfect 100%, Neural Network attaining 98%, and Random Forest showcasing an accuracy of 99%. This innovative approach not only transforms early Parkinson's disease identification through voice analysis, setting a precision benchmark, but also underscores the transformative potential of cutting-edge technologies in healthcare practices. The study positions the model as a reliable diagnostic tool, capable of advancing medical diagnostics through the seamless integration of biomedical research and machine learning, contributing to the broader field of neurodegenerative disease diagnostics.
• Vom Leihen und Teilen - Erfahrungen aus drei Jahren Saatgutbibliothek. 112. BiblioCon, Hamburg. Zarberg, Ilka (2024).

  In der Zentralbibliothek für Erwachsene der Stadtbibliothek Karlsruhe wurde 2021 mit der Planung einer Saatgutbibliothek begonnen, die im Februar 2022 eröffnet wurde. Sie ist für die Bürgerinnen und Bürger eine Möglichkeit, einen Beitrag zu Nachhaltigkeit und Sortenerhalt zu leisten. Es kann kostenlos und ohne Bibliotheksausweis Saatgut alter und lokaler Sorten ausgeliehen und ausgesät, später geerntet und geteilt werden. So kann ein Teil von nachhaltiger Landwirtschaft auch mit einer Re-Lokalisierung und dem Gärtnern im eigenen Garten oder Balkon oder über glqqUrban Gardeninggrqq verbunden sein. Gleichzeitig sind die Erträge aus eigenem Anbau durch Vermeidung von Transportwegen und Verpackungsmüll ein Beitrag zum Klimaschutz, durch Schadstoffarmut ein Beitrag zu gesunder Ernährung und die Begrünung im städtischen Raum ein Beitrag zum Insektenschutz. Mit dem Grundgedanken des Leihens und Teilens sorgt die Saatgutbibliothek für weniger Ungleichheiten und setzt gleich mehrere Ziele der glqqdeutschen Nachhaltigkeitsstrategiegrqq der Bundesregierung um. Die Erfahrungen aus drei Jahren zeigen eine interessante Mischung aus einem Bestreben nach Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz, Kooperation, Neudenken und Neukundengewinnung. Das Projekt Saatgutbibliothek Karlsruhe ist eine Kooperation der grün-alternativen Hochschulgruppe Karlsruhe am KIT und der Stadtbibliothek Karlsruhe und soll auch in den kommenden Jahren weiterlaufen.
• Zukunftsbibliotheken-SH: Gemeinsam für nachhaltige Entwicklung. 112. BiblioCon, Hamburg. Brümmer, Kathrin; Reichhardt, Tjorven (2024).

  Die Zukunftsbibliotheken-SH sind ein offener und wachsender Kreis von derzeit über 50 Öffentlichen Bibliotheken in Städten und Gemeinden von Schleswig-Holstein, die sich gemeinsam für eine gute Zukunft engagieren. Bei den 17 Ziele der Agenda 2030 erkennen wir vielfältige Mitgestaltungsmöglichkeiten im sozialen, ökologischen und gesellschaftlichen Bereich. Am Runden Tisch Grüne Bibliotheken planen und entwickeln wir Ideen, um uns aktiv an einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu beteiligen: beim Umgang mit Ressourcen, in der Bildungsarbeit, als öffentliche Räume der Begegnung, der kulturellen Teilhabe und Informationsvermittlung. Wir gestalten unsere Arbeit für und mit Menschen aller Generationen. Nachhaltige Entwicklung ist ein Prozess mit vielen Facetten. Es gibt lokale, regionale und globale Aspekte, die bei den verschiedenen Aktivitäten mit bedacht werden. Bei Ausstellungen, Workshops und Treffpunkten zu den deutschen Aktionstagen Nachhaltigkeit wie auch durch landesweite Projekte wie die glqqMobile Saatgutbibliothekgrqq, glqqErzählwegegrqq, glqqPicknick im Labyrinthgrqq, glqqMit Worten wachsengrqq oder textquotedblWir teilen Geschichtentextquotedbl ergeben sich vielfältige Mitgestaltungsmöglichkeiten an den einzelnen Orten. Im Blog der Website zukuntsbibliotheken-sh.de wird laufend über aktuelle Vorhaben und Praxismaterialien berichtet. Mit Zukunftsbibliotheken-sh ist keine spezielle Zertifizierung verbunden. Vielmehr geht es zunächst um eine Ermutigung zum Anfangen und Weitermachen: mit Projekten, mit Kooperationen zu ökologisch oder sozial engagierten Bildungspartnern, mit einem Umdenken bei der täglichen Arbeit. Gemeinsam stärken wir uns in der Qualitätsentwicklung durch Fortbildungen, Austausch und Beratung. Zur weiteren Vertiefung stehen den Bibliotheken z.B. die Möglichkeiten einer NUN-Zertifizierung, einer Klima-Bilanz oder einer Gemeinwohl-Bilanizierung offen.
• SPEC Research - Introducing the Predictive Data Analytics Working Group. Bauer, André; Leznik, Mark; Seybold, Daniel; Trubin, Igor; Erb, Benjamin; Domaschka, Jörg; Jamshidi, Pooyan (2022).
• Introducing the Open Energy Ontology: Enhancing data interpretation and interfacing in energy systems analysis. Booshehri, Meisam; Emele, Lukas; Flügel, Simon; Förster, Hannah; Frey, Johannes; Frey, Ulrich; Glauer, Martin; Hastings, Janna; Hofmann, Christian; Hoyer-Klick, Carsten; Hülk, Ludwig; Kleinau, Anna; Knosala, Kevin; Kotzur, Leander; Kuckertz, Patrick; Mossakowski, Till; Muschner, Christoph; Neuhaus, Fabian; Pehl, Michaja; Robinius, Martin; Sehn, Vera; Stappel, Mirjam (2021). 5 100074.
• Machine Learning in Early Genetic Detection of Multiple Sclerosis Disease: A Survey. Ali, Nehal M.; Shaheen, Mohamed; Mabrouk, Mai S.; AboRezka, Mohamed A. (2020). 412–415.
• Marx und die Roboter. Vernetzte Produktion, Künstliche Intelligenz und lebendige Arbeit Butollo, Florian; Nuss, Sabine (2019). Dietz Berlin.

  Roboter, Künstliche Intelligenz und digitale Vernetzung trieben die Automatisierung der Produktion voran. Die lebendige Arbeit werde verschwinden, der Mensch endgültig ersetzbar, warnten die einen aufgeregt. Die anderen würden Wachstumspotenziale, Standortvorteile – oder sogar neue Chancen zur Überwindung des Kapitalismus sehen. Karl Marx sei Zeit seines Lebens fasziniert von den Potenzialen der Technik gewesen, Produktivkraft sei der Begriff, den er dafür prägte. Wie könne heute eine an Marx orientierte Analyse den technologischen Wandel erklären? Was sei das Neue, wo trete nur das Alte in anderer Form auf die Bühne? Brauche die Kritik des Kapitalismus neue Begriffe? In diesem Buch ertönt eine Vielzahl an Fragen und Antworten.
• On power BSD test of integrated circuits. Ostermann, Timm ijdms (ed.) (2017). (Vol. 10) 1.
• On power BSD test of integrated circuits. Ostermann, Timm (2017). 412–415.
• INSIGHT-DRIVEN BUSINESS RULES FOR OPERATIONAL KNOWLEDGE. Kaula, Rajeev (R. Kaula, ed.) (2017). 10(1) 1.
• Enhancing Network Security and Performance Using Optimized ACLS Tomar1, Kuldeep; and S.S Tyagi2 (2014). (Vol. 14)
• BIOMETRIC APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS IN FAKE DOCUMENT DETECTION OF JOB APPLICANTS. Bogle, Salathiel; Sankaranarayanan, Suresh (2012). 2(1) 75–94.

  The Job selection process in today’s globally competitive economy can be a daunting task for prospective employees no matter their experience level. Although many years of research has been devoted to job search and application resulting in good integration with information technology including the internet and intelligent agent-based architectures, there are still many areas that need to be enhanced. Two such areas include the quality of jobs associated with applicants in the job search by profiling the needs of employers against the needs of prospective employees and the security and verifications schemes integrated to reduce the instances of fraud and identity theft. The integration of mobile, intelligent agent, and cryptography technologies provide benefits such as improved accessibility wirelessly, intelligent dynamic profiling, and increased security. With this in mind we propose the intelligent mobile agents instead of human agents to perform the Job search using fuzzy preferences which is been published elsewhere and application operations incorporating the use of agents with a trust authority to establish employer trust and validate applicant identity and accuracy. Our proposed system incorporates design methodologies to use JADELEAP and Android to provide a robust, secure, user friendly solution.
• A loop-centric profiling method for embedded applications. Cao, Chao; Jing, Naifeng; He, Weifeng; Fu, Yuzhuo (2010). 45–48.

  Embedded applications usually impose tight constraints upon their code efficiency, which entail elaborate code optimization on the hotspot of the programs. In order to identify the hotspot, we propose an effective and easy-use loop-centric profiling method in this paper. In our proposed method, a code isolation step is first applied on the original code, which extracts all the candidate loops at source level and keeps the original semantic unchanged. Then we can use an off-the-shelf profiling tool to identify our interested loops in the program on a given platform. Our method is retargetable as long as the profiler for the target platform is available. In our experiments, we tested our method using the MPEG-2 decoder application on ARM platform, and we can see that the results provide helpful information for further optimization on the application code.
• Loop-Level Profiling and Analysis of DoD Applications Using TAU. Moore, Shirley; Cronk, David; Shende, Sameer; Malony, Allen (2006). 378–383.

  Performance of computationally intensive applications often depends critically on the floating point and memory performance of nested loop structures, this paper describes extensions to the Tuning Analysis and Utilities (TAU) parallel performance system that implement automated of parallel C/C++ and Fortran programs to collect loop-level profile data. Link-time and run-time options for configuring the instrumented version of the code to perform various types of measurements, such as time and hardware counter based profiling are described. Finally, examples are given of collecting and analyzing loop-level profile data for several DoD applications
• MODEL-DRIVEN SECURITY ASSESSMENT AND VERIFICATION FOR BUSINESS SERVICES. Technical Report (2), Thirumaran.M1; Dhavachelvan.P2; Abarna.S3; K, Thanigaivel. (2002).

  Information security covers many areas within an enterprise. Each area has security vulnerabilities and, hopefully, some corresponding countermeasures that raise the security level and provide better protection. The fundamental concepts in information security are the security model, which outlines how security is to be implemented. A security policy outlines how data is accessed, what level of security is required, and what actions should be taken when these requirements are not met. A security model is a statement that outlines the requirements necessary to properly support and implement a certain security policy. An important concept in the design and analysis of secure systems is the security model, because it incorporates the security policy that should be enforced in the system. A model is a symbolic representation of a policy. It maps the desires of the policy makers into a set of rules that are to be followed by a computer system. In the paper we propose a model driven security assessment and verification for business service. The Security Assessment and Verification verifies whether the Application and Services are secure based on the Service Level Agreement and generates the report on the level of security features. It is designed to help business owners, operators and staff to assess the security of their business. It covers potential areas of vulnerability, and provides suggestions for adapting your security to reduce the risk of crime against your business. A security policy states that no one from a lower security level should be able to view or modify information at a higher security level, the supporting security model will outline the necessary logic and rules that need to be implemented to ensure that under no circumstances can a lower-level subject access a higher-level object in an unauthorized manner. The security policy is an abstract term that represents the objectives and goals a system must meet and accomplish to be deemed secure and acceptable.
• Trade-Offs in Life-History Evolution. Stearns, S. C. (1989). 3(3) 259–268.

  Trade-offs represent the costs paid in the currency of fitness when a beneficial change in one trait is linked to a detrimental change in another. If there were no trade-offs, then selection would drive all traits correlated with fitness to limits imposed by history and design. ow ever, we find that many life-history traits are maintained well within those limits. Therefore, trade-offs must exist. Trade-offs have played a central role in the development of life-history theory, from Gadgil & Bossert (1970), Charnov & Krebs (1973), Schaffer (1972, 1974a, b) and Bell (1980) on to the present. They have been measured through field obser- vations (e.g. Clutton-Brock, Guinness & Albon, 1982, 1983),through experimental manipulations in laboratory (e.g. Partridge & Farquhar, 1981) and field (e.g. Askenmo, 1979), through phenotypic correlations in the laboratory (e.g. Bell, 1984a, b) and through genetic correlations (e.g. Rose & Charlesworth, 1981a, b), to mention only a few of the more prominent studies. They have been reviewed by Stearns (1976, 1977), Bell (1980), Charlesworth (1980), Warner (1984), Reznick (1985),Partridge & Harvey (1985, 1988) and most thoroughly by Bell & Koufopanou (1986).In addi- tion, the methods used to measure trade-offs have been the subject of criticism (Tuomi, Hakala & Haukioja, 1983; Partridge, 1987) and controversy (Reznick, Perry & Travis, 1986; Bell, 1986)
• Significance Tests Which May be Applied to Samples from Any Populations. Pitman, E. J. G. (1937). 4(1) 119–130.

  THE object of this paper is to show how we can devise valid tests of significance which involve no assumptions about the forms of the populations sampled. It is also shown that precise fiducial limits can be determined for the difference of means of populations of the same form, no matter what the form of the populations may be. While only one test is discussed in this paper, the principle is applicable to all tests. The main idea is not new, it seems to be implicit in all Fisher's writings; * but perhaps the approach to the subject, frankly starting from the sample and working towards the population instead of the reverse, may be a bit of a novelty.