HannIT AöR (Hannoversche Informationstechnologien – Anstalt öffentlichen Rechts) is the IT service provider for the Hannover region and about 30 other districts and municipalities in Lower Saxony. The security computer centre with distributed locations forms the system technical basis for the operation and further development of administrative procedures.
The Competence Centre Mobility and GIS is in charge of traffic information and planning systems, such as electronic timetable information or network availability maps. The services offered by hannIT AöR include

• the electronic timetable information in Lower Saxony and Bremen (EFA), among others for GVH (Großraum Verkehr Hannover) and Braunschweig ,
• the operation of the DELFI-Landesserver for Lower Saxony,
• the real-time connection of the public transport companies in the GVH
• multimodal routing (public transport, car, bicycle, pedestrian …)

In addition, hannIT as a service provider is significantly involved in projects such as

• Connect GmbH (data integration for Lower Saxony and Bremen),
• DELFI e.V. (Germany-wide timetable information),
• EU-Spirit (Association of European directory assistance systems)

In the D4UM project hannIT AöR 

• ensures that the platform (hardware and software) is available
• coordinates the provision of SW solutions,
• collaborates on data protection and security rules
• creates the basis for the integration of IV real-time data and historical charts into the EFA timetable information (Prototype)

• Experimental Substantiation of the Use of An Osteoplastic Material Based on Hydroxiapatite in Sinus Lifting. D.R., Mukimov O.A. | Azimov A.M. | Usmanova (2026). 4(3) 151–157.

  Modern regenerative medicine is aimed at expanding the capabilities of clinicians in stimulating natural bone regeneration processes and developing artificial biomaterials for the restoration of lost tissues. This work is devoted to the experimental study of the effectiveness and safety of osteoplastic material based on hydroxyapatite, intended for use in surgical dentistry, including during sinus lifting operations.
• Immunogenetic Predictors of Systemic Inflammatory Response Development in Diffuse Phlegmon of The Maxillofacial Region. A.M., Shomurodov K.E. | Gizatullina (2026). 4(3) 1–3.

  The study investigates the molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region (MFR) in patients in Uzbekistan. A pathogenetic link was established between the -251T>A polymorphism of the IL8 gene and the severity of the systemic inflammatory response. It was proven that the TT genotype and T allele correlate with a critical increase in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha up to 81.36 pg/ml, IL-8 up to 163.2 pg/ml), serving as early markers of diffuse phlegmon risk. The findings allow for objective prognosis and optimization of preventive therapy tactics.
• PREGNANCY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MATERNAL AND FETAL HEALTH. Rahnuma, Ansari Habeeba | Bano Tarannum | Ansari Sulaim | Nehal (2026). 4(3) 5–10.

  Autoimmune disorders represent a heterogeneous group of chronic conditions characterized by dysregulated immune responses directed against self-antigens. These diseases frequently affect women of reproductive age, making pregnancy management clinically significant. Gestation induces complex immunological, hormonal, and metabolic adaptations that may alter disease activity, influence obstetric outcomes, and affect fetal development. Certain disorders improve in pregnancy; others are quiescent or exaggerated and confer an increased risk of complications including preeclampsia, preterm labour, fetal growth restriction and neonatal immune sequelae [4, 5]. Timely assessment and stratification of risks, multidisciplinary follow up and differentiation in treatment planning based on maternal stability and fetal safety represent crucial steps. In this article, immunopathological mechanisms, clinical features, management principles and outcomes related to autoimmune diseases in pregnant patients are reviewed with a focus on evidence-based approaches to minimize morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy in the context of autoimmune disorders is a clinically challenging dilemma because these patient groups experience unique immunological, hormonal and vascular adaptations which affect disease course and obstetric outcomes. Autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune thyroid disease, and multiple sclerosis can show a variable response to pregnancy with respect to remission, exacerbation, or unpredictable fluctuation during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Maternal immune tolerance of the semi-allogeneic fetus necessitates precise immunomodulation that can affect autoantibody production and inflammatory pathways. Such changes may alter placental function leading to miscarriage, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth and neonatal complications. Maternal and neonatal prognosis depends on early diagnosis, preconception counseling, multidisciplinary monitoring, and individualized pharmacotherapy. In this article, we will overview immunopathophysiological viral mechanisms, clinical features, diagnostic protocols and recent management strategies to ensure the best possible clinical outcomes for the mother and child. Type autoimmune diseases predominantly first run into women during their reproductive years and pose considerable clinical challenges when they overlap with pregnancy. Mechanistic processes that underlay these physiological adaptations contributing to fetal tolerance include modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, endocrine adaptations, and vascular remodeling. Such modifications may change the trajectory of disease by either dampening levels of inflammatory activity or precipitating exacerbations in accordance with the immunopathology that underpins the chronic lung disease process. Dysregulated immune mechanisms, including maternal autoantibodies, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, can disrupt placentation and fetal growth. Pregnancy syndrome with a high level of disease control leads to outcomes such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction and transitioning neonatal immune changes with high frequency. Nevertheless, well planned conception, suitable medical interventions, and organized follow-up dramatically enhance outcomes. Modern-day validation reinforces the continued necessity of immunologic quietude, as well as avoiding exacerbations, and safe therapeutic exposure in both pregnancy and the postpartum period.
• THE ROLE OF FUNCTIONAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL MRI IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF NEUROVASCULAR DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS. Sunnatillaevich Djurabekova Aziza Tokhirovna | Khaminov Sukhrоb (2026). 4(3) 11–14.

  Central dizziness remains one of the most frequent and clinically significant neurological symptoms in patients with ischemic stroke, occurring in 10-25% of cases of acute cerebral circulation disorders. The pathophysiological mechanism of dizziness is associated with the damage to the structures of the central nervous system responsible for integrating vestibular information and maintaining balance, which significantly affects the course, prognosis, and outcome of the disease.
• CREATING NEW LITERARY INSIGHTS: APPLYING REVISED BLOOM’S TAXONOMY IN BENGALI LITERATURE CLASSROOMS. Bhunia, Rajkumar (2026). 5(3) 78–84.

  The teaching of literature has traditionally focused on cultural transmission, language acquisition, and aesthetic appreciation, often emphasizing memorization and teacher-centered instruction. Such approaches can limit students’ critical engagement and higher-order thinking. Contemporary pedagogical discourse, however, emphasizes the development of cognitive skills that enable learners to interpret, analyze, evaluate, and create knowledge, moving beyond rote learning. This study explores the application of Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy in Bengali literature classrooms, highlighting its potential to enhance students’ interpretive, analytical, and creative capacities. By structuring classroom activities across cognitive levels—remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating—educators can foster deeper engagement with literary texts and encourage active intellectual exploration. Drawing on examples from Bengali literature, including works by Rabindranath Tagore, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, and Kazi Nazrul Islam, the study demonstrates how targeted instructional strategies—such as discussion-based learning, collaborative analysis, creative writing, and digital integration—can transform traditional literature classrooms into dynamic spaces of inquiry. The research underscores that implementing Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy not only improves literary comprehension but also cultivates critical thinking, creativity, and meaningful connections between texts and contemporary social contexts
• Bi\($_\mathbf12$\)Rh\($_\mathbf3$\)Ag\($_\mathbf6$\)I\($_\mathbf9$\): Mobile silver ions and surface-dominated transport in a layered weak topological insulator. Carrillo-Aravena, Eduardo; Heßdörfer, Johannes; Saggau, Christian N.; Consiglio, Armando; Sharma, Shailja; Reinert, Friedrich; Sangiovanni, Giorgio; Di Sante, Domenico; Janson, Oleg; Nielsch, Kornelius; Pérez, Nicolás; Ruck, Michael (2026). 65(41) 24145–24154.

  Bi12Rh3Ag6I9 extends the Bi14Rh3I9 family of layered bismuth-rich iodides in which intermetallic topological-insulator sheets alternate with salt-like spacer layers. High-temperature synthesis yields phase-pure powders and millimeter-sized platelets. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals a rhombohedral structure composed of [Bi12Rh3I]2+ layers and [Ag6I8]2– spacers. In this spacer, Ag+ cations occupy 75% of the tetrahedral voids of a double iodide layer, giving rise to intrinsic two-dimensional cation disorder and mobility. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals a room-temperature ionic conductivity of about 10–6 S cm–1. Density-functional theory including spin–orbit coupling predicts band inversion and weak-topological-insulator invariants, while angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy corroborates the calculated bulk electronic structure, yielding an experimental bulk band gap of 286 meV. Transport measurements show strongly anisotropic, initially n-type conduction. During the initial measurement cycle, applied bias reduces the electron doping through slow electrochemical deintercalation of silver. After conditioning, bulk conduction is strongly reduced; transport below about 130 K becomes nonactivated, the bias-induced drift ceases below about 50 K as Ag+ motion freezes, and a pronounced resistivity drop perpendicular to the layers below 3.2 K is suggestive of a boundary-sensitive low-dimensional transport regime. Bi12Rh3Ag6I9 demonstrates that spacer chemistry provides a chemical lever for carrier-density control in layered topological insulators.
• THE EFFECT OF HERBAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS ON BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. G.A., Sayfutdinova Z.A. | Jurakulova Z.O. | Adkhamjonova (2026). 4(3) 15–17.

  The article presents an analytical review of modern scientific data on the effect of herbal medicinal products on biochemical blood parameters in noncommunicable diseases. Changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, liver functional status, markers of inflammation, and oxidative stress are considered. The main mechanisms of pharmacological action of herbal medicines, their clinical significance, safety, and prospects for use as part of combination therapy are analyzed. It is shown that herbal medicinal products, when used rationally and under laboratory monitoring, can effectively complement standard treatment regimens for noncommunicable diseases.
• FINANCIAL STRESS IN MODERN FAMILIES AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES: A SCIENTIFIC-ANALYTICAL INQUIRY. Turgunova, Gulru (2026). 4(3) 18–28.

  Financial stress in contemporary families and its psychological consequences remains a poorly understood but critical topic. A conceptual framework integrating family systems theory and psychological theory guides inquiry and analysis. Family systems theory emphasizes interdependence and shared responsibility, highlighting the role of communication, the transmission of stress, and the need for coping and resilience. Psychological theory contributes stress, coping, attachment, and resilience concepts, offering a basis for empirical hypotheses. Grounded in this framework, a systematic examination of the literature reveals mechanisms, risk factors, and protective processes linking financial stress to psychological outcomes. Contemporary families experience significant financial stress, raising questions about its psychological consequences. Therefore, this investigation focuses on two broad questions: (a) How does financial stress affect individual families and their members? (b) In what ways are these effects communicated among members of the same family? These questions arise from an assessment of the literature indicating high levels of financial stress among families and a growing interest in its psychological consequences. The relevance of the topic is underscored by theoretical formulations and research findings highlighting the link between financial stress and psychological well-being, together with the family-oriented perspective adopted.
• SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF WOMEN’S CAREER STRIVING IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY. kizi, Nasirova Zilolakhon Marat (2026). 4(3) 29–32.

  This article comprehensively analyzes the socio-psychological characteristics of women's career aspirations in their professional activities. The historical role of women in the labor market, their position in society, the barriers they face, and their personal motivations and aspirations are considered. The article explores the role of gender stereotypes, social norms, family obligations, and discrimination at work in shaping women's career paths. Psychological factors such as confidence in effectiveness, ambition, and mental resilience in women's career aspirations are also analyzed. Based on the available literature, the complex processes of achieving professional success of women are highlighted, and relevant recommendations are given.
• THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE MANIFESTATION OF ANTIPATHY IN ADOLESCENTS. qizi Ostonova, Gulchiroy Orif (2026). 4(3) 33–35.

  This article examines the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on the manifestation of antipathy among adolescents. In the context of rapid digitalization, AI-driven platforms such as social media algorithms, recommendation systems, and virtual communication environments significantly shape adolescents’ emotional responses and interpersonal attitudes. The study analyzes how AI-mediated environments contribute to the development and expression of antipathy through mechanisms such as social comparison, algorithmic filtering, digital echo chambers, and online disinhibition. Particular attention is given to the relationship between AI technologies and phenomena such as cyberbullying, social isolation, and emotional dysregulation. The findings suggest that artificial intelligence does not directly create antipathy but amplifies existing socio-psychological processes, making negative interpersonal attitudes more visible and persistent. The article also highlights the importance of digital literacy, emotional intelligence, and ethical AI use in minimizing the negative impact of AI on adolescent social interactions.
• Single-domain orbital angular momentum mapping: Advancing photoemission dichroism to the nanoscale. Schmitt, Cedric; Gehrig, Lukas; Strauß, Kilian; Erhardt, Jonas; Spring, Merit; Liu, Bing; Watson, Matthew D.; Gao, Han; Xiao, Hanbo; Liu, Zhongkai; Li, Gang; Sangiovanni, Giorgio; Schäfer, Jörg; Claessen, Ralph; Moser, Simon (2026). 20(41) 27867–27873.

  Circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (CD-ARPES) is widely used to probe orbital angular momentum (OAM) and Berry-curvature-related phenomena in two-dimensional quantum materials. However, in many materials, conventional micron-scale measurements often average over domains with opposite OAM polarization, canceling intrinsic dichroic signals and leaving spectra dominated by extrinsic asymmetries arising from photoelectron final-state interference. Here, we combine circularly polarized light with NanoARPES to achieve spatially resolved CD-ARPES with sub-800 nm resolution. By isolating individual domains, this approach enables direct access to the intrinsic OAM texture. As a model system, we investigate the K/K′ point valley states of the quantum spin Hall insulator indenene─a triangular indium monolayer epitaxially grown on SiC(0001)─where substrate-induced terraces host alternating valley configurations whose dichroic response is averaged out in conventional measurements. Terrace-resolved NanoARPES disentangles these contributions, allowing direct visualization of oppositely polarized domains and revealing the OAM texture associated with a topological band inversion. Our results establish spatially resolved CD-ARPES as a robust approach for isolating intrinsic OAM contrast by eliminating domain averaging and correcting for extrinsic geometry-dependent contributions. This enables direct access to the Berry curvature near the Fermi level, providing a powerful probe of the system’s intrinsic topological character.
• Risk Factors for Stress Urinary Incontinence During Rescue Radiation Therapy in Men with Recurrent Prostate Cancer after Surgical Treatment. Olimovich, Rakhimov Nodir Makhammatkulovich | Khafizov Kodirjon (2026). 4(3) 4–8.

  Stressful urinary incontinence is a significant complication of urinary incontinence in biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, developing in every eighth patient. The dosage characteristics of radiation and radiation therapy techniques are modifiable risk factors. It is necessary to individualize the approaches to SLT, taking into account the initial status of the sphincter and the morphological parameters of the primary tumor.
• BASKETBOL SPORT TURI MASHG‘ULOTLARIDA TALABA QIZLARDA CHIDAMLILIK SIFATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH. o‘g‘li, Mirzayev Xusniddin Abdusattor (2026). 5(3) 72–77.

  Ushbu ilmiy maqolada oliy ta‟lim muassasalarida tahsil olayotgan talaba qizlarda basketbol mashg„ulotlari yordamida umumiy hamda maxsus chidamlilik sifatlarini rivojlantirishning ilmiy-pedagogik asoslari o„rganilgan. Tadqiqot jarayonida yurak-qon tomir va nafas olish tizimlarining funksional ko„rsatkichlari, jismoniy ish qobiliyati, shuningdek chidamlilik darajasidagi o„zgarishlar tahlil etildi. Natijalar shuni ko„rsatadiki, 12 haftalik basketbol mashg„ulotlari davomida talaba qizlarning chidamlilik ko„rsatkichlari 20–28 % ga oshgan. Olingan xulosalar jismoniy tarbiya va sport amaliyoti uchun muhim ilmiy ahamiyatga ega.
• Uro-Metabolic Phenotype of Gout: Urine Acidity, Urate Crystalluria, and Renal Function as Markers of Severity and Systemic Inflammation. Ikramovna, Khadzhimetova Oygul (2026). 4(3) 9–16.

  Gout is a metabolic-inflammatory disease in which urate overload manifests not only through joint symptoms but also through changes in the urinary environment: decreased pH, increased specific gravity, and the formation of urate crystalluria. The clinical significance of these available markers for gout phenotyping and severity assessment has been poorly studied. To evaluate the clinical significance of urinary syndrome indicators and urate crystalluria in patients with gout and determine their relationship with disease activity, renal function, and systemic inflammation. A single-center, controlled observational study was conducted (2021–2025, Urgench outpatient clinic). The analysis included two groups: patients with gout (n=203) and apparently healthy individuals (n=109). At the baseline visit, urine pH and specific gravity, leukocyturia, microhematuria, proteinuria, urate crystalluria and its severity, as well as SUA, creatinine, eGFR, CRP, and SII were assessed. Statistical analysis included nonparametric comparisons, correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression, and ROC analysis (p<0.05). Patients with gout had a distinct urometabolic profile: lower urine pH, higher specific gravity, and a significantly higher incidence of urate crystalluria compared to controls (p<0.001). Crystalluria and low pH were associated with greater clinical gout activity, less favorable renal function (eGFR), and more severe systemic inflammation (CRP, SII). In multivariate models, urinary syndrome parameters maintained an independent association with adverse phenotypes (tophaceous/frequently recurring course and/or decreased eGFR). ROC analysis confirmed the clinically significant discriminatory ability of key urinary markers for identifying patients at risk. Urinary syndrome parameters in gout reflect urate overload and form a urometabolic phenotype associated with the severity of the clinical course, inflammatory activity, and renal function. Available parameters of pH and urate crystalluria can be considered practical tools for phenotyping and risk stratification in patients with gout.
• HINDUSTANI CLASSICAL MUSIC AND MUSIC THERAPY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE ON HEALING THROUGH SOUND. Jana, Dr. Ajanta (2026). 5(3) 85–94.

  Music has long been recognized as a powerful medium for emotional expression, spiritual elevation, and psychological well-being. Among various musical traditions, Hindustani Classical Music occupies a significant place due to its rich melodic structure, emotional depth, and philosophical foundations. This paper explores the therapeutic potential of Hindustani Classical Music within the broader framework of music therapy. The study examines how the fundamental elements of this musical tradition—such as raga, tala, swara, and laya—contribute to emotional balance and mental relaxation. Particular emphasis is given to the concept of raga and its ability to evoke specific emotional states, which can be effectively utilized in therapeutic practices for stress reduction, anxiety management, and improvement of overall mental health. The paper also discusses the historical development of music therapy and highlights the scientific and psychological basis of the healing power of music. By integrating traditional musical knowledge with contemporary therapeutic approaches, the study aims to demonstrate how Hindustani Classical Music can serve as an effective complementary method for promoting psychological well-being and holistic health. The findings suggest that the structured melodic patterns and rhythmic harmony of Hindustani Classical Music have significant potential to contribute to modern therapeutic practices and interdisciplinary research in the fields of music, psychology, and health sciences
• Medical and Social Aspects of Road Accidents in the Khorezm Region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Yoldashevich, Jumaniyozov Kuvondik (2026). 4(3) 17–24.

  Road traffic injuries remain one of the leading causes of premature mortality and disability, and seasonal variations in accident rates are considered an important indicator of the influence of climatic, infrastructural, and behavioral factors on the severity of road accident consequences. For regions with significant transport and weather variability, studying the seasonal dynamics of road accidents is particularly important for developing targeted preventive measures. To study the seasonal dynamics of road accidents in the Khorezm region and assess its impact on the severity of consequences, identifying the main temporal and behavioral risk factors. A comparative epidemiological study was conducted based on official statistical data from the Road Safety Department of the Khorezm Region for 2024–2025. A total of 336 accidents recorded in 2024 and 315 in 2025 were analyzed. The total number of accidents, the number of fatalities and injuries, and the distribution of accidents by month of the year, season, lighting conditions, road type, and time characteristics were assessed. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used to calculate absolute and relative indicators, dynamics, fatality rates, injury rates, and overall accident severity. The statistical significance of differences was assessed at p < 0.05. It was found that in 2025, compared to 2024, the total number of accidents decreased by 6.3% (315 vs. 336), the number of fatalities decreased by 13.7% (88 vs. 102), while the number of injuries increased by 5.9% (271 vs. 256). The seasonal dynamics of accidents remained two-peaked, with peaks in winter and summer-fall. The winter peak was associated primarily with deteriorating visibility, lighting, and road conditions, while the summer-fall peak was associated with increased traffic activity, intercity mobility, and increased behavioral risk factors. The analysis showed that seasonal fluctuations affect not only the frequency of accidents but also the severity of their consequences: in the cold period, the importance of infrastructural and climatic determinants increases, while in the warm season, the human factor, including speeding, fatigue, and poor traffic discipline, increases. Seasonal dynamics of road accidents in the Khorezm region reflects a stable rotation of risk factors throughout the year and significantly influences the structure and severity of accident consequences. The obtained results substantiate the need for a seasonally-oriented approach to road injury prevention, taking into account the climatic, infrastructural, and behavioral characteristics of the region.
• Modern Methods Of Research And Diagnostics Of Diseases Of The Salivary Glands. qizi | Qurbonova Lobar Shavkat qizi, Jo’rakobilova Jasmina Asror (2026). 4(3) 25–31.

  "Salivary gland diseases represent a significant proportion of dental pathologies, yet their diagnosis remains complex due to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and limitations of existing diagnostic tools. Despite the availability of conventional methods such as sialography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography, there is no unified diagnostic approach, leading to frequent diagnostic errors and delayed or inadequate treatment. This study addresses the gap in comprehensive, high-precision diagnostic strategies, particularly focusing on the underexplored potential of advanced imaging and integrative diagnostic methods. The research employs a комплекс approach combining clinical examination, radiological techniques, multispiral computed tomographic (MSCT) sialography, endoscopic evaluation, and biochemical analysis of saliva. Special emphasis is placed on modern diagnostic modalities, including digital dynamic sialography, sialendoscopy, and analysis of salivary crystallization and oxidative protein modification. The findings demonstrate that MSCT sialography and sialendoscopy significantly improve differential diagnosis by providing detailed visualization of ductal structures and pathological changes. Biochemical and morphological analyses reveal that reactive-dystrophic processes alter salivary composition, crystallization patterns, and oxidative activity, offering additional diagnostic markers. However, retrospective analysis indicates that only 24% of cases are correctly diagnosed at the initial stage, highlighting persistent systemic shortcomings. The results confirm that integrating advanced imaging with biochemical and endoscopic methods enhances diagnostic accuracy and supports more effective treatment planning. The study implies the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches and the expansion of specialized diagnostic technologies in clinical practice to reduce errors and improve patient outcomes. "
• Near-ambient-pressure angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) for operando probing of surface band structure. Dudy, Lenart; Auffray, Elisa; Gallet, Jean-Jacques; Bournel, Fabrice; Bouaziz, Meryem; Mun, Bongjin Simon; Jang, Subin; Tsujikawa, Yuki; Kondoh, Hiroshi; Mischke, Valentin; Keßler, Philipp; Jovic, Vedran; Moser, Simon; Maehl, Sven (2026). 97(10) 103903-.

  We present a fully operational near-ambient pressure angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (NAP-ARPES) setup for operando studies of surface band structures under gas exposure at the TEMPO beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL. The system integrates a SPECS PHOIBOS 150 NAP analyzer with multi-stage differential pumping and precise sample manipulation, enabling momentum-resolved electronic structure measurements under conditions approaching realistic environments. Commissioning experiments on graphite, ZnO(10-10), Cu(111), and Ru(0001) demonstrate operando capabilities, including reversible hydrogenation and adsorbate-induced modifications to the band structure. By bridging the gap between conventional UHV ARPES and operando surface science, this development provides a robust platform for investigating catalytic surfaces, energy conversion materials, and reactive interfaces under near-ambient conditions.
• Complexity and the Hilbert space dimension of 3D gravity. Balasubramanian, Vijay; Das, Rathindra Nath; Erdmenger, Johanna; Karl, Jonathan; Verlinde, Herman (2026). 114(8) L081901.

  A central problem in formulating a theory of quantum gravity is to determine the size and structure of the Hilbert space of black holes. Here we use a quantum dynamical Krylov complexity approach to calculate the Hilbert space dimension of a black hole in (\($2+1$\))-dimensional anti--de Sitter space. We achieve this by obtaining the spread of an initial thermofield double state over the Krylov basis. The associated Lanczos coefficients match those for chaotic motion on the \($SL(2,\mathbbR)$\) group. By including nonperturbative effects in the path integral, which computes coarse-grained ensemble averages, we find that the complexity saturates at late times. The saturation value is given by the exponential of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy plus logarithmic corrections. Our results introduce a new way to compute the Hilbert space dimension of complex interacting systems from the saturating value of spread complexity.
• Assessment of the Risk of Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Cancer Patients Based on Blood Analysis and Markers of Blood Production Suppression. Farhadovich, Rakhimov Nodir Makhammatkulovich | Khakimov Alisher Abdurahmonovich | Asatulaev Akmal (2026). 4(3) 32–38.

  Combined assessment of the initial anemia, the type of chemotherapeutic agent, and cytological signs of megakaryopoiesis suppression allows for stratification of patients according to the risk of developing clinically significant CICs and optimization of maintenance therapy tactics.
• SHUKUR XOLMIRZAYEVNING “O‘ZBEKLAR” HIKOYASI ASOSIDA INSON RUHIY HOLATINING BADIIY TALQINI. Qamariddinov Kamoliddin Qamariddin o‘g‘li, Shavkat Hasanov (2026). 5(3) 95–97.

  Ushbu maqolada Shukur Xolmirzayevning “O‘zbeklar” hikoyasi asosida inson ruhiy holatining badiiy talqini tahlil etilgan. Asarda inson va jamiyat o‘rtasidagi murakkab munosabatlar, ruhiy iztirob, mehr-oqibat, vijdon azobi kabi tushunchalar realistik tasvirlar vositasida ochib beriladi. Tadqiqotda adabiy-psixologik va kontekstual yondashuvlar asosida muallifning ruhiyatni badiiy ifodalashdagi uslubi, obrazlar orqali ochilgan milliy xarakter tahlil qilingan. Xolmirzayev ijodida oddiy hayotiy voqealar fonida inson qalbining nozik jihatlari yuksak badiiylik bilan aks ettiriladi.
• A chiral superlattice route to spin-split topological antiferromagnetism. Dinh, Thao; Liu, Mengke; Qiu, Jian-Xiang; Mardanya, Sougata; Sung, Suk Hyun; Le, Xuan Hoang; Broyles, Christopher; Zhu, Chengfeng; Xu, Qiaozhi; Chen, Haotian; Rehfuss, Zack; Liu, Yu-Fei; Zeng, Xiaoyu; Li, Houchen; Guo, Peng; Liu, Jinchen; Huang, Tianye; Shi, Jingtian; Smith, Michael; Blawat, Joanna M.; Singleton, John; McDonald, Ross; Arvizo, Iván E.; Cui, Dongtao; Zheng, Shao-Liang; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Sharma, Vineet Kumar; Ghorai, Sudip; Ghosh, Barun; Lin, Hsin; Lim, Ting Yong; Chang, Tay-Rong; Bansil, Arun; Martin, Ivar; Vishwanath, Ashvin; Xie, Weiwei; Felser, Claudia; Sinova, Jairo; Gao, Anyuan; Lukin, Mikhail D.; Hoffman, Jennifer E.; Chowdhury, Sugata; Ma, Qiong; Sun, Kai; Baggari, Ismail El; Ran, Sheng; Ghiasi, Talieh S.; Park, Hongkun; Kim, Philip; Xu, Su-Yang (2026). 658(8135) 342–349.

  Chirality has emerged as a new mechanism for inducing spin and Berry-curvature phenomena in quantum materials and molecular chemistry1--7. Collinear antiferromagnets (AFMs) are promising for spintronics and topological magnetism, yet realizing large Berry curvature and spin-split bands remains challenging8,9. Here we report a chiral-superlattice route to spin-split topological phenomena from collinear antiferromagnetism. We study the collinear AFM UOTe, in which we show a spontaneous chiral superlattice arising from frozen chiral phonons at a finite wave vector. Without the superlattice, the pristine collinear AFM in UOTe has neither Berry curvature nor spin-split bands. When electrons move through the chiral superlattice, their orbital Bloch wavefunction and quantum geometry are modulated by the strong chiral superlattice potential, generating large Berry curvature, which we detect by the nonlinear Hall effect. At 150thinspaceK, the chiral-superlattice-induced Berry curvature couples to the collinear AFM order, leading to an anomalous Hall angle of about 0.14 abruptly near the Néel temperature TN which is among the largest in bulk magnets. Moreover, our spin Hanle precession measurement shows that the chiral superlattice also generates spin-polarized current from the collinear AFM, a long-standing goal in spintronics. We shed light on the supermodulation formation mechanism based on chemical ion size and physical interlayer--intralayer energy competitions, which we use to propose a design principle to discover similar bond-mismatch superlattices, providing a chiral superlattice pathway through real-space engineering of quantum geometry10,11.
• The Importance Of Vitamins And Minerals In The Functioning Of The Reproductive Organs Of Cows. Kuldoshev, N.K. Tajieva | B.A. Jumanov | H.S. O‘rinov | O.U. (2026). 4(3) 1–5.

  This scientific study investigates the physiological significance of vitamin and mineral supplementation in the reproductive function of high-yielding Holstein cows and its impact on their productivity indicators. The research focuses on the role of essential vitamins and microelements in maintaining normal reproductive activity and preventing reproductive disorders in dairy cattle. Particular attention is given to the relationship between nutritional deficiencies and reproductive performance, including the extension of the service period and the occurrence of obstetric-gynecological diseases. The study evaluates how the use of vitamin-mineral feed additives contributes to improving reproductive efficiency and overall physiological status in high-producing dairy cows.
• AVITAMINOSIS: ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES, AND MODERN TREATMENT STRATEGIES. o’g’li | Daminov Xolboy Erkaboy o’g’li | Xudoyberdiyev Shohro’zbek Shodmon o’g’li | Madina Marupova Hikmatuloyevna, Normurodov Marufjon Orif (2026). 4(3) 1–4.

  This Avitaminosis refers to a pathological condition resulting from prolonged deficiency of one or more essential vitamins, leading to metabolic dysfunction, structural tissue damage, and systemic clinical manifestations. Despite global advances in nutrition and food fortification, vitamin deficiencies remain prevalent in both developing and developed countries due to malnutrition, chronic diseases, malabsorption syndromes, restrictive diets, alcoholism, and socioeconomic factors. Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies (A, D, E, K) often present with visual impairment, bone demineralization, neuromuscular dysfunction, and coagulopathy, whereas water-soluble vitamin deficiencies (B-complex and C) manifest as anemia, neuropathy, dermatitis, cognitive impairment, and impaired wound healing. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, dietary history, biochemical assays, and functional biomarkers. Modern treatment strategies emphasize targeted supplementation, correction of underlying etiologies, dietary modification, food fortification, and public health interventions. Early detection and individualized management are essential to prevent irreversible complications. This article reviews the etiology, clinical features, diagnostic principles, and contemporary therapeutic approaches for avitaminosis, highlighting the importance of prevention and multidisciplinary management. Avitaminosis represents a systemic pathological state caused by sustained insufficiency of essential micronutrients necessary for normal biochemical reactions, cellular metabolism, and organ function. Although global nutritional standards have improved, vitamin deficiencies continue to affect diverse population groups due to unbalanced diets, gastrointestinal disorders, chronic systemic illnesses, restrictive eating patterns, aging, and increased physiological demands. The clinical spectrum varies widely depending on the specific micronutrient involved, ranging from mild constitutional symptoms to severe neurological, hematological, skeletal, and immunological impairments. Contemporary diagnostic strategies rely on detailed nutritional assessment combined with laboratory measurement of serum vitamin concentrations and functional metabolic markers. Timely therapeutic intervention through individualized supplementation and correction of predisposing conditions significantly improves prognosis and prevents irreversible complications. Preventive measures, including public health nutrition programs and dietary education, remain fundamental in reducing global disease burden associated with micronutrient insufficiency.
• Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus and Prevention of Its Complications: A Comprehensive Review. Mavludaxon, Usmanova Yayraxon | Raxmatova (2026). 4(3) 260–264.

  Diabetes mellitus has evolved into a major non-communicable disease threatening global health systems due to its progressive nature and multisystem complications. Despite advances in treatment, a considerable proportion of morbidity arises from delayed diagnosis rather than therapeutic failure. Increasing evidence demonstrates that metabolic disturbances precede clinical diabetes by many years, creating a critical window for intervention. This review synthesizes current understanding of early detection strategies and evaluates their role in preventing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Particular attention is given to the biological rationale for early screening, limitations of current diagnostic criteria, technological advances in predictive medicine, and integrated prevention models. The analysis highlights that early identification combined with risk-factor modification produces disproportionate long-term benefits compared with late-stage disease management. Future diabetes control depends less on pharmacological innovation and more on systematic early detection and personalized prevention strategies
• TEXNOLOGIYALARNING INSON HAYOTIGA TA’SIRI. BaxronovMadina (2026). 5(3) 98–100.

  XXI asr texnologiyalar asri hisoblanadi. Bugungi kunda texnologiyalar inson hayotining barcha sohalariga kirib kelib, jamiyat rivojiga katta ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Internet, kompyuterlar, mobil telefonlar va sun’iy intellekt kabi zamonaviy texnologiyalar insonlarning yashash tarzi, muloqoti, ta’limi va ish faoliyatini sezilarli darajada o‘zgartirdi. Texnologiyalar ko‘plab qulayliklar yaratib, ish jarayonini tezlashtirdi va yangi kasblarning paydo bo‘lishiga sabab bo‘ldi. Shu bilan birga, texnologiyalardan noto‘g‘ri foydalanish internetga qaramlik va jismoniy faollikning kamayishi kabi muammolarni ham keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. Shuning uchun texnologiyalardan oqilona foydalanish jamiyat rivoji va inson farovonligi uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega
• The Role of DNA Repair Enzymes in Maintaining Genome Stability. Abboud, Iqbal Sahi Tuama | Mariam Jabbar (2026). 4(3) 193–200.

  Endogenous metabolic processes and exogenous environmental factors always test the integrity of the genome of the organism, and it is estimated that there is two million DNA damaging events per cell per day [1]. These myriads insults may cause a wide range of DNA lesions, including subtle base modifications to disastrous double-strand breaks, all of which are very dangerous to the genomic stability when they are not repaired [2], [3]. Single cell in a human being may experience approximately 105 events of DNA-damaging per day, which would lead to the culmination of approximately 1016 to 1018 repair events per day in an entire organism to counter all these endogenous lesions [4]. This sustained attack demands complex and high robust network of DNA repair that has evolved to detect, signal, and repair different forms of DNA damage, to protect genetic data and cellular homeostasis [5].
• QADRIYATLI YONDASHUVNING PEDAGOGIK KATEGORIYASIFATIDAGI NAZARIY ASOSLARI VA EVOLYUTSIYASI. G‘olibovich, G‘aybullayev Quvonchbek (2026). 5(3) 50–55.

  Mazkur maqolada qadriyatli yondashuvning pedagogik kategoriya sifatida tarixiy shakllanishi, nazariy asoslari va zamonaviy ta'limdagi evolyutsion taraqqiyoti IMRAD tuzilmasi asosida chuqur tahlil etiladi. Tadqiqotda qadriyatli yondashuvning falsafiy va psixologik ildizlari, uning didaktik tizimga integratsiyasi hamda XXI asrda shaxs kamolotini ta'minlashdagi strategik ahamiyati ko'rsatiladi. Maqolada antik davrdan hozirgi kungacha bo'lgan pedagogik tafakkur taraqqiyotida qadriyatlarning tutgan o'rni, turli maktablar (aksiologik, gumanistik, konstruktivistik) nuqtai nazaridan qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi
• Preclinical Experimental Study of Osteoplastic Material Based on Hydroxyapatitis for Surgical Dentistry. Usmanova, Mukimov O.A. | Azimov A.M. | D.R. (2026). 4(3) 158–162.

  Modern regenerative medicine is aimed at expanding the capabilities of clinicians in stimulating natural bone regeneration processes and developing artificial biomaterials for the restoration of lost tissues. This work is devoted to the experimental study of the effectiveness and safety of osteoplastic material based on hydroxyapatite, intended for use in surgical dentistry, including during sinus lifting operations.
• Improvement of Surgical Treatment of Chronic Hemorroy. F.A., Khuzhabayev S.T. | Sharipov (2026). 4(3) 163–168.

  The dissertation research is based on a comparative analysis of the results of providing specialized surgical care to 161 hemorrhoids patients. Hemorrhoidectomy with lateral ultrasound dissection in a cutting pattern is accompanied by significantly less pronounced disorders in the contractile activity of the rectal obturator apparatus compared to the electrochemical dissection of hemorrhoidal nodes. Changes in the average indicators of intraanal resting pressure and voluntary contraction of the sphincter after its execution did not reach statistical significance. At the same time, after Milligan-Morgan's operation using electrocoagulation, a decrease in the mean intraanal pressure of the voluntary contraction of the sphincter was noted by more than 33% of the initial value (p<0.05). Hemorrhoidectomy with lateral ultrasound dissection in a cutting pattern is characterized by a low frequency of complications compared to Milligan-Morgan surgery performed using electrocoagulation (4.5% and 19.4%, p<0.05), less pronounced pain syndrome, which significantly improves the course of the early postoperative period and ensures a reduction in the rehabilitation period of patients.
• Field-driven phases in a three-dimensional twisted Kitaev model for CoNb\($_\mathbf2$\)O\($_\mathbf6$\): Interplay of frustration and spin-orbit coupling. Drechsler, Tom; Vojta, Matthias (2026). 114(14) 144426.

  The Ising chain in a transverse field stands out as a paradigmatic example for a quantum phase transition. \($\mathrmCoNb_2\mathrmO_6$\) has been discussed as a material realization of this physics, but it was later realized that its magnetic exchange couplings are more complicated, taking the form of twisted Kitaev chains. Here we study a three-dimensional model for \($\mathrmCoNb_2\mathrmO_6$\), taking into account both Kitaev physics and frustrated interchain coupling, in applied magnetic field. Using semiclassical techniques at zero temperature, we map out the sequence of field-driven phases for arbitrary field direction; these include phases with commensurate and incommensurate interchain order. As a result of spin-orbit coupling, the phase diagram is extremely sensitive to small changes in the field angle. We compute static observables as well as magnetic excitation spectra in the various phases and connect our results to existing experimental data.
• АРАБ ИСТИЛОСИ ВА ИСЛОМЛАШУВ ШАРОИТИДА НАСАФДА МАДАНИЙ ҲАЁТ. Х.Баратов (2026). 5(3) 56–64.

  Мақола Нахшаб –Насаф (Қарши) ҳудудининг қадимги ва ўрта асрлар давридаги маданий, илмий ва маънавий меросининг узлуксизлигини ўрганади. Авесто матнларининг тақдири, зардуштийлик анъаналари, суғдий ва ўрта осиёлик халқларнинг мусиқий маданияти (мусиқа асбоблари, рақс ва қўшиқчилик), араб истилоси ва исломлашув жараёнларининг таъсири, шунингдек, кейинги даврларда илмий анъаналарнинг (ал-Фаробий, Ибн Сино, Насафий олимлар) ривожланиши таҳлил қилинади. Археологик топилмалар, ёзма манбалар (Беруний, ас-Самъоний, Авесто шарҳлари) ва трансрегионал маданий алоқалар (Буюк Ипак йўли орқали Хитой ва Японияга етиб борган суғдий мусиқаси) асосида маданий мероснинг сақланиши ва трансформацияси кўрсатилади
• Deep Bite and Its Impact on Patients’ Quality of Life. R.N., Khanova D.N. | Nigmatov (2026). 4(3) 169–171.

  The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of patient age on the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment for deep bite. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of various age groups, correction methods, and factors determining the stability of results are examined. It has been established that the most favorable period for treatment is childhood and adolescence, when active jaw bone growth is maintained. In later periods, effectiveness declines, and the need for retention measures increases.
• Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Digital Health for Hypertension: Evolving Tools for Precision Cardiovascular Care. kizi, Pulatova Parizoda Hamza (2026). 4(3) 172–176.

  Hypertension remains the leading global risk factor for cardiovascular mor- bidity and mortality, with suboptimal control rates despite guideline-directed thera- pies. Digital health and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offer novel approaches for improving diagnosis, monitoring, and individualized treatment of hypertension. Objectives to critically review the current landscape of AI-enabled digital tools for hy- pertension management, including emerging applications, implementation challenges, and future directions. A narrative review of recent PubMed-indexed studies (2019–2024) was conducted, focusing on clinical applications of AI and digital health tech- nologies in hypertension. Emphasis was placed on real-world deployment, algorithmic explainability, digital biomarkers, and ethical/regulatory frameworks. Priority was given to high-quality randomized trials, systematic reviews, and expert consensus statements. AI-supported platforms—including remote blood pressure monitoring, machine learning titration algorithms, and digital twins—have demonstrated early promise in improving hypertension control. Explainable AI (XAI) is critical for clinician trust and integration into decision-making. Equity-focused design and regulatory oversight are essential to prevent exacerbation of health disparities. Emerging implementation strategies, such as federated learning and co-design frameworks, may enhance scalability and gener- alizability across diverse care settings. AI-guided titration and digital twin approaches appear most promising for reducing therapeutic inertia, whereas cuffless blood pressure monitoring remains the least mature. Future work should prioritize pragmatic trials with equity and cost-effectiveness endpoints, supported by safeguards against bias, accountability gaps, and privacy risks.
• Intelligent Document Processing: Ai-Powered Document Management and Analysis. Temitope, Dr. Kukoyi Olajumoke (2026). 4(3) 177–192.

  "The rapid growth of digital information has necessitated a transformation in document management practices, giving rise to Intelligent Document Processing (IDP), an AI-powered approach that automates, analyses, and optimizes the handling of organizational documents. Historically, organizations relied on manual or traditional document management systems (DMS), which were often labor-intensive, error prone, and limited in analytical capabilities. The emergence of IDP has shifted this paradigm, integrating artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotic process automation to enable more accurate, efficient, and insightful document workflows. IDP encompasses a range of technologies and systems, including optical character recognition for digitization, NLP for semantic understanding, ML and deep learning for predictive and analytical tasks, and RPA for workflow automation. These systems facilitate automated document capture, classification, indexing, extraction, and retrieval while supporting advanced analytical tasks such as sentiment analysis, entity recognition, pattern detection, and anomaly identification. Compared with traditional DMS, AI-powered IDP offers superior scalability, speed, and the ability to extract actionable insights from unstructured and structured data. Applications of IDP span multiple sectors, including banking, healthcare, legal services, education, and public administration, delivering tangible benefits such as increased efficiency, reduced human errors, cost savings, enhanced data accuracy, and improved compliance. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including data privacy and security concerns, integration with legacy systems, high implementation costs, and AI model bias. Ethical and legal considerations, particularly transparency, accountability, and responsible AI deployment, are critical to the sustainable adoption of IDP. Looking forward, the field is expected to evolve with advances in generative AI, real-time analytics, cloud-based solutions, and human–AI collaboration. Organizations that strategically integrate IDP within well designed job structures and governance frameworks are likely to achieve enhanced operational efficiency, informed decision-making, and competitive advantage in the digital era. "
• A spin-photon interface in the telecom C-band with long hole spin dephasing time. Michl, Johannes M.; Hekmati, Reza; Helal, Mohamed; Peniakov, Giora; Reum, Yorick; Kaupp, Jochen; Buchinger, Quirin; Kim, Jaewon; Pfenning, Andreas T.; Cho, Yong-Hoon; Höfling, Sven; Huber-Loyola, Tobias (2026). 17(1) 10458.

  Matter qubits that maintain coherence over extended timescales are essential for many pursued applications in quantum communication and quantum computing. Significant progress has already been made on extending coherence times of spins in semiconductor quantum dots while interfacing them with photons in the near-infrared wavelength range. However, similar results for quantum dots emitting at the telecom range, crucial for many applications, have so far lagged behind. Here, we report on InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dots integrated in a deterministically placed circular Bragg grating emitting at 1.55 \($\mu$\)m. We quantify the g-factors of electrons and holes from polarization-resolved measurements of a positive trion in an in-plane magnetic field and study the dynamics of the ground-state hole spin qubit by heralding the spin in two-photon correlation measurements. We quantify the inhomogeneous dephasing times for the electron and hole for various magnetic fields and find a value of \\($\$\)\T\\_\2\^\*\=(21.8\backslashpm 0.2)\\($\$\)ns for the hole spin, for an optimal magnetic field of B = 20 mT.
• TILNI TINGLAB TUSHUNISH KO‘NIKMALARI: TUSHUNCHASI VA AHAMIYATI. Xikmatovna, Meliqulova Madina (2026). 5(3) 65–68.

  Mazkur maqolada tilni tinglab tushunish ko‘nikmalarining nazariy asoslari, tarkibiy elementlari va til o‘rganish jarayonidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tinglab tushunish murakkab kognitiv jarayon sifatida talqin qilinib, uning perseptual, fonologik, leksik-semantik, sintaktik, pragmatik hamda kognitiv bosqichlari izchil tahlil etilgan. Shuningdek, mazkur ko‘nikmaning nutq malakalari bilan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi, bosqichma-bosqich rivojlanish jarayoni hamda autentik materiallardan foydalanishning samaradorligi asoslab berilgan. Maqolada tinglab tushunish jarayoniga ta’sir etuvchi psixologik omillar –diqqat, motivatsiya va ruhiy holatning o‘rni ham alohida ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari til o‘rganishda muntazam tinglash amaliyotini yo‘lga qo‘yish va samaralimetodlardan foydalanish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi
• Cr\($_\mathbf1/4$\)NbSe\($_\mathbf2$\)-single crystal growth and evolution of antiferromagnetic correlated states. Abdelrahman, Nour; Rubrecht, Bastian; Barbosa, Matheus Felipe de Souza; Behnami, Mahdi; Efremov, Dmitriy; Wolf, Daniel; Valldor, Martin; Popov, Alexey A.; Avdoshenko, Stanislav M.; Naumann, Marco; Knupfer, Martin; Kataev, Vladislav; Alfonsov, Alexey; Wolter, Anja U. B.; Mertig, Michael; Büchner, Bernd; Hampel, Silke (2026). n/a(n/a) e78151.

  ABSTRACT Transition-metal dichalcogenides provide a versatile platform for the intercalation of magnetic ions in their van der Waals gaps, enabling tuning of correlated electronic and magnetic states. Despite extensive studies on sulfide-based systems, CrxNbSe2 remains poorly understood due to scarcity of single-crystals and uncertainties in structural analyses leading to contradictory reports on its magnetic behavior. Here, high-quality single crystals of Cr1/4NbSe2 via chemical vapor transport were synthesized, along with comprehensive investigation of chemical, structural, electronic, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, supported by density-functional theory calculations, presented for the first time. Single crystal x-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction reveal ordered Cr intercalation forming a centrosymmetric 2 × 2 superlattice with hexagonal symmetry P63/mmc. Optical reflectivity indicates an enhanced electron scattering rate. DFT calculations predict antiferromagnetic ground state induced by Cr intercalation. Consistently, SQUID magnetometry and specific heat measurements hint a correlated antiferromagnetic state at TN ≈ 107 K, while resistivity measurements show metallic transport, with no signatures of superconductivity. Electron spin resonance suggests weak internal field which possibly arise from subtle magnetic anisotropy, undetectable in angle-resolved magnetometry. These findings resolve longstanding inconsistencies and establish Cr1/4NbSe2 as a benchmark vdW antiferromagnet for next-generation spintronic and quantum materials.
• Inherent altermagnetism in minimal tight-binding models of regular hyperbolic lattices. Petermann, Eric; Maeland, Kristian; Hinrichsen, Haye; Trauzettel, Björn (2026). 8(3) 033359.

  Altermagnets are a novel class of magnetic systems characterized by their momentum-dependent spin splitting without net magnetization. In this work, we extend established Euclidean tight-binding models of altermagnets to regular hyperbolic lattices in two spatial dimensions defined on a discretized Poincar'e disk. Using hyperbolic crystallography and Abelian hyperbolic band theory, we show that the inclusion of next-nearest-neighbor hopping is sufficient to induce spin splitting in minimal tight-binding models of bipartite hyperbolic lattices. While certain families and special cases of hyperbolic lattices remain antiferromagnetic, we identify an entire family and a special case that generically permit spin splitting in this framework. Hence, altermagnetism is inherent to certain hyperbolic lattices. Since Abelian hyperbolic band theory yields a momentum space that is at least four dimensional, we classify the leading spin-splitting harmonics using four-dimensional atomic orbitals. As an outlook, we apply non-Abelian hyperbolic band theory to the \($10,5$\) lattice. Although its Abelian spectrum is spin degenerate, two selected higher-genus supercells exhibit spin splitting. This finding suggests that spin degeneracy does not necessarily persist within all translation representation sectors.
• Metabolic Quotient in Gout: Clinical Validation and Prognostic Value for a Frequently Relapsing Course. Ikramovna, Khadzhimetova Oygul (2026). 4(3) 201–207.

  Gout is considered a systemic metabolic-inflammatory disease in which the severity of clinical manifestations and the risk of complications are determined not only by uric acid levels but also by the overall metabolic burden. In outpatient practice, physicians require a simple and reproducible tool to quantify the "metabolic burden" and relate it to the risk of frequent attacks and a severe disease phenotype. To develop and clinically validate a metabolic quotient for gout and evaluate its prognostic value for disease activity and adverse clinical and laboratory outcomes. A single-center controlled study (2021–2025, Urgench outpatient clinic) was conducted. Patients with gout and a control group were examined. The metabolic coefficient (MC) was calculated as a summary assessment of metabolic burden components (obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) with subsequent gradation by risk level. Clinical activity indicators (attack frequency, pain according to the VAS scale, and tophi), SUA, creatinine/eGFR, CRP, and systemic inflammatory indices (including SII) were assessed. Correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression for adverse outcomes, and ROC analysis were performed to determine MC thresholds. MC values were statistically significantly higher in patients with gout than in the control group, reflecting the high prevalence of metabolic burden in the disease structure. An increase in MC was accompanied by increased attack frequency, a higher likelihood of tophi/frequently recurring disease, worsening renal function, and increased systemic inflammation as measured by CRP and SII. In multivariate models, the metabolic coefficient (MC) remained independently associated with the risk of an unfavorable clinical phenotype after adjusting for age, sex, SUA, and eGFR. ROC analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the MC for risk stratification and allowed us to identify thresholds at which the likelihood of frequent attacks and a severe phenotype increases sharply. The metabolic coefficient (MC) is a simple and reproducible tool reflecting the "metabolic burden" in gout and has clinically significant predictive value for attack frequency, a severe phenotype, and systemic inflammation. Using the MC at the baseline visit allows us to identify high-risk patients and justify a more intensive strategy for disease and comorbidity control.
• Road Traffic Injuries in the Khorezm Region of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Medical and Epidemiological Aspects. Yoldashevich, Jumaniyozov Kuvondik (2026). 4(3) 208–219.

  Road traffic injuries remain one of the leading causes of premature mortality, disability, and medical and social losses. Despite the development of road infrastructure and enhanced control measures, the structure of road accidents in many regions remains unstable, and the severity of their consequences is largely determined by human factors. Regional analysis is particularly valuable for developing targeted preventive measures, allowing us to identify local accident patterns, high-risk groups, and the most unfavorable combinations of road, time, and behavioral factors. To study the structure and dynamics of road accidents in the Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2025 compared to 2024, and to assess the role of human factors in the development of severe and fatal consequences of road accidents. A comparative epidemiological study was conducted based on official statistics on road accidents registered in the Khorezm region for 2024–2025. The analysis included 336 road accidents registered in 2024 and 305 accidents in 2025. Thirteen key indicators characterizing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of accident rates were examined: lighting conditions, driver age and gender, road user categories, vehicle type, road type and category, accidents involving children, incident type, distribution by day of the week, main causes of accidents, driving experience, accidents involving pedestrians, and seasonal dynamics. Descriptive and comparative statistical methods were used to calculate absolute and relative indicators, dynamics, fatality rates, injury rates, and overall accident severity; differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. It was established that the road traffic situation in the Khorezm region in 2025 was characterized not only by a change in the number of accidents but also by a qualitative transformation in the accident structure. An analysis of individual blocks revealed a significant increase in the severity of road accidents. Lighting conditions remained a leading factor: while the overall number of accidents in various lighting conditions remained virtually unchanged, the number of fatalities increased by 40.0%, with the most unfavorable trend observed in areas with no or poor lighting. An age analysis revealed a multi-peak risk profile: a high accident rate persisted among young drivers, but the most pronounced increase in fatalities was also recorded in several middle-aged and older age groups. The gender structure of road accidents was characterized by a marked predominance of men, who account for the majority of serious accidents and fatalities. By road user type, the most unfavorable trend was observed among pedestrians, whose fatality rate increased by 140.0%. An analysis by vehicle type revealed that passenger cars continue to be the primary contributor to accidents and fatalities, but trucks and newly recorded accidents involving tractors have acquired additional significance. Overall, the data obtained showed that the human factor continues to play a leading role in the formation of serious road accidents in the region, manifested through risky behavior, errors in assessing the road situation, violations of traffic rules, decreased attention, and insufficient adaptation to unfavorable road conditions.
• Experimental access to the bulk band inversion in a topological metamaterial. Widmann, Simon; Düreth, Johannes; Dam, Siddhartha; Mayer, Christian G.; Laibacher, David; Emmerling, Monika; Kamp, Martin; Reinert, Friedrich; Ünzelmann, Maximilian; Betzold, Simon; Höfling, Sven; Klembt, Sebastian (2026). 114(16) 165135.

  Topological phases in metamaterials are often inferred from localized edge states or from real-space wave-function measurements. Yet the topology is fundamentally encoded in the bulk eigenvectors and often manifests as a bulk band inversion. Here we directly access this band inversion in an exciton-polariton Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain using far-field spectroscopy with tuneable sublattice interference. The SSH chain provides an excellent benchmark model for establishing this measurement principle in an exciton-polariton platform. We show that in the SSH model, the band inversion is characterized by a sign change of the sublattice symmetry \($\ensuremath\langle\ensuremath\sigma_\mathrmx\ensuremath\rangle$\) between the Brillouin-zone center and boundary. A transverse sublattice displacement maps the relative phase between sublattice wave functions onto a controllable far-field interference phase \($\mathrm\ensuremath\Delta\ensuremath\theta$\). Taking the difference of spectra at \($\mathrm\ensuremath\Delta\ensuremath\theta=0$\) and \($\mathrm\ensuremath\Delta\ensuremath\theta=\ensuremath\pi$\) yields a quantity proportional to \($\ensuremath\langle\ensuremath\sigma_\mathrmx\ensuremath\rangle$\), directly revealing the band inversion in the topological configuration. The tunable phase \($\mathrm\ensuremath\Delta\ensuremath\theta$\) further lets us reconstruct the effective \($2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi2$\) Bloch Hamiltonian and its winding number, unequivocally linking the measured band inversion to the topological invariant. More generally, spectroscopy with a controllable sublattice phase allows for the measurement of bulk eigenvectors, granting access to band inversions for higher-dimensional systems.
• Curcumin as a Component Of A Sustainable Gout Control Strategy With Febuxostat: Clinical Outcomes, Systemic Inflammation, And Response Predictors. Davranbekovich, Khadzhimetova Oygul Ikramovna | Jamshid Reymberganov Ikromovich | Xusinbayev Izzat (2026). 4(3) 220–232.

  "Gout is a systemic metabolic-inflammatory disease characterized by persistent hyperuricemia combined with chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and a high comorbidity burden. In real-world outpatient practice, key barriers to long-term control remain variability in the clinical course, early flares at the start of urate-lowering therapy, poor adherence, and persistent systemic inflammatory reactivity. Curcumin is considered a safe anti-inflammatory and metabolically targeted component that potentially enhances the sustainability of the clinical response in gout. To evaluate the clinical and laboratory efficacy of adding curcumin to urate-lowering therapy with Adenuric in patients with gout and hyperuricemia, and to determine the impact of the combined approach on systemic inflammation, metabolic profile, quality of life, and the incidence of concomitant urological complications over 12 months. A single-center, controlled study was conducted (2021–2025, Urgench outpatient clinic). A total of 312 participants were examined: Group 1 — Adenuric (n=106), Group 2 — Adenuric + curcumin (n=97), and Group 3 — control (n=109). Group 2 underwent follow-up from T0–T3 (3, 6, and 12 months). We assessed uric acid levels (SUA), attack frequency, VAS pain score, CRP, systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-38), metabolic profile indicators (HOMA-IR, atherogenic index), EQ-5D, urinary syndrome markers, and urinary tract infection (UTI) frequency. Multivariate logistic regression of UTI recurrence predictors and ROC analysis of prognostic tools (OI-GOUT, ISI-GOUT based on SII, IL-38) were performed. By the 12th month, combination therapy provided deeper urate control: SUA 322±49 vs. 356±54 μmol/L (p<0.001) and more frequent achievement of the target SUA <360 μmol/L (82.5% vs. 67.9%; p=0.018). Clinical activity of gout was lower in group 2: attack frequency 0 [0;1] vs. 1 [0;2] (p=0.001), VAS pain 2.3±1.2 vs. 3.1±1.4 (p<0.001), the proportion of patients with a reduction in attack frequency ≥50% was 84.5% vs. 70.8% (p=0.020). A more pronounced attenuation of systemic inflammation and strengthening of the regulatory link were noted: SII 560 [410;800] versus 690 [520;980] (p<0.001), CRP 2.6 [1.5;4.8] versus 4.2 [2.3;7.1] (p<0.001), IL-38 69 [54;88] versus 52 [40;66] (p<0.001). Recurrence of UTI within 12 months was less common with combination therapy (9.3% versus 21.7%; p=0.015); In a multivariate model, combination therapy maintained an independent protective effect (OR=0.38; 95% CI 0.16–0.89; p=0.026), and SII (OR=1.34 per +300; p=0.007) and IL-38 (OR=0.82 per +10 pg/ml; p=0.009) were significant predictors of relapse. ROC analysis showed clinically useful discrimination: OI-GOUT for ≥2 attacks/year AUC=0.76 (cut-off ≥20; Se/Sp 72/70%), ISI-GOUT for UTI recurrence AUC=0.74 (cut-off ≥900; 69/68%), IL-38 AUC=0.71 (cut-off ≤45 pg/ml; 66/67%). Metabolic and functional outcomes at T3 were better in Group 2: HOMA-IR 2.6±1.0 vs. 3.1±1.1 (p=0.002), atherogenic index 3.4±0.8 vs. 3.9±0.9 (p<0.001), EQ-5D 0.82±0.11 vs. 0.76±0.12 (p<0.001). The safety profile was comparable (p>0.05 for major adverse events). The addition of curcumin to Adenuric therapy is associated with more pronounced control of hyperuricemia and clinical gout activity, a reduction in systemic inflammation with an increase in IL-38, an improvement in the metabolic profile and quality of life with comparable tolerability. The SII/IL-38 indices and the integral OI-GOUT and ISI-GOUT indices demonstrate prognostic value for early risk stratification and monitoring of therapy response. "
• Analysis of the Structure of Injuries Among Victims of Road Accidents in the Khorezm Region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Yoldashevich, Jumaniyozov Kuvondik (2026). 4(3) 233–247.

  "Road traffic injuries remain one of the leading causes of premature mortality and disability, and human error is considered the primary source of manageable risk in the structure of road accidents. Driver socio-demographic characteristics, insufficient experience, lack of a driver's license, as well as behavioral violations, including speeding, dangerous overtaking, and failure to comply with traffic rules, largely determine both the likelihood of an accident and the severity of its consequences. To study the influence of socio-demographic and behavioral factors on the development of road traffic injuries and the severity of their consequences. A comparative epidemiological study was conducted based on official statistical data on road accidents for 2024–2025. Indicators characterizing the age and gender of drivers, driving experience, the presence or absence of a driver's license, the main causes of accidents, and the distribution of accidents by type of road user were analyzed. Descriptive and comparative statistical methods were used to calculate absolute and relative indicators, rates of change, fatality rates, injury rates, and overall accident severity. Statistical significance of differences was assessed at p<0.05. It was established that the human factor in the structure of road traffic injuries is multifaceted. The highest accident rate remained among young drivers, but the most pronounced increase in mortality was also observed in several middle-aged and older age groups. Men accounted for the majority of serious accidents and fatalities. The most unfavorable situation was found among individuals without a driver's license: in this group, both the frequency of accidents and the severity of their consequences increased simultaneously. An analysis of the causes revealed the leading role of behavioral violations—speeding, dangerous overtaking, violating signals and road signs, as well as a combination of other disciplinary errors. It has been established that the human factor is realized not only through the driver but also through the participation of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users, among whom a significant increase in fatalities has been noted. The human factor is the leading determinant of road traffic injuries and defines the key mechanisms underlying severe and fatal road accidents. Its structure includes socio-demographic characteristics, driving experience, legal status of participation in road traffic, and specific behavioral disorders. The obtained results substantiate the need for comprehensive prevention focused on manageable risk components: illegal driving, age-specific groups, and behavioral disorders of drivers and pedestrians. "
• KEKSALIK YOSHIDAGI GIPERTONIK KASALLIGI BO‘LGAN BEMORLARDA AFFEKTIV-IPOXONDRIK BUZILISHLARNING KLINIK XUSUSIYATLARI. L.Sh, Shadmanova (2026). 5(3) 69–71.

  Adabiyot ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, arterial gipertenziyasi (AG) bo‘lgan bemorlarda xavotir simptomlari bilan kechuvchi nevrotik va somatoform buzilishlarning tarqalishi 51,3 % gacha yetishi mumkin. Biroq bunday bemorlarni olib borish bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar soni cheklangan bo‘lib, aniq tavsiyalar mavjud emas. Ma’lumki, komorbid xavotir -depressiv buzilishlar, xuddi AG kabi, mehnat qobiliyatining sezilarli pasayishiga olib keladi. Shu bilan birga ular somatik kasallik kechishini og‘irlashtiradi hamda kasallikning ipoxondrik tipdagi ichki manzarasi shakllanishiga yordam beradi.Shu munosabat bilan tashvish mavjud bo‘lgan arterial gipertenziyali bemorlarda antigipertenziv preparatlar va “kunduzgi” anksiolitiklarni qo‘llagan holda kompleks terapiyaning kasallik kechishiga ta’sirini aniqlash muhim ahamiyatga ega.Xavotir va depressiv sindromga ega gipertonik kasalligi bo‘lgan bemorlar shifokorga tez-tez murojaat qiladilar, chunki kasallik ularda nevrotik buzilishlarga xos simptomlar bilan namoyon bo‘ladi. Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki, nevrotik darajadagi psixopatologik buzilishlar gipertonik kasalligi bo‘lgan bemorlarning 45–80 % ida aniqlanadi
• Current Approaches to Diagnostics and Therapy of Sinusites. Khairiddinovich, Rustamov Amriddin (2026). 4(3) 248–251.

  Sinusitis is one of the most pressing problems of modern otorhinolaryngology, characterized by inflammatory lesions of the paranasal sinuses of various etiologies and pathogenesis. According to the World Health Organization, sinusitis ranks second in frequency among all diseases of the upper respiratory tract, after only acute respiratory infections, and is diagnosed annually in 10-15% of the adult population of developed countries.
• Neuropsychology of Addiction: Neural Mechanisms. Nasirdinovna, Jurayeva Dildora (2026). 4(3) 252–254.

  This article examines the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of addiction as a chronic condition associated with changes in brain function. It describes the role of neuroplasticity and reward mechanisms in the consolidation of addictive behavior. Particular attention is paid to the reward system and dopaminergic pathways, as well as dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex, which leads to decreased self-control. The conclusion presents modern approaches to addiction treatment, including cognitive behavioral therapy, neuropsychological rehabilitation, and pharmacotherapy.
• Digital Mathematical Modeling in Predicting the Clinical Efficiency of Fixed Prosthetic Prosthesis on Dental Implants. Lisitsyna, K. M Tashpulatova | A. E (2026). 4(3) 255–259.

  This article presents a theoretical justification for the use of digital mathematical modeling in predicting the biomechanical effectiveness of fixed prosthetic appliances on dental implants. This paper examines the potential of the finite element analysis (FEA) method for analyzing the stress-strain state of the implant-abutment-prosthetic structure-bone system. The influence of implant diameter and length, bone quality, fixation type, and prosthesis material on the distribution of functional loads is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the use of mathematical modeling improves the predictability of clinical outcomes and reduces the risk of biomechanical complications. Furthermore, three-dimensional patient-specific models based on tomographic imaging data enable the simulation of individual anatomical variations. This allows clinicians to evaluate the interaction between implant geometry and surrounding bone tissue with high precision. The study also emphasises the important role of load orientation — including axial, oblique and lateral forces — in stress concentration and bone remodelling processes. By incorporating the realistic mechanical properties of titanium implants and cortical and cancellous bone, finite element analysis (FEA) provides detailed insight into potential failure zones and areas of overload. Integrating digital modelling into preoperative planning enables evidence-based decision-making, helping clinicians to select the most suitable implant dimensions, prosthesis design and material properties for each patient. Additionally, the study emphasises the increasing importance of personalised implantology, where computational simulations complement clinical experience to improve the long-term stability and functionality of prosthetic restorations. These findings support the adoption of FEA as a standard tool in modern prosthodontics, bridging the gap between experimental biomechanics and clinical application and ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the incidence of implant-related complications.
• To Study The Treatment Outcomes Of Patients With Fractures Of The Distal Forearm Bones. Rustamovich Jo’raev Ruslan Sayfullоevich | Akramov Vohidjon (2026). 4(3) 6–11.

  "Distal forearm fractures are among the most common skeletal injuries and are frequently associated with unsatisfactory treatment outcomes, particularly when managed through prolonged conservative immobilization. Complications such as secondary displacement of fragments, neurovascular disorders, limited wrist mobility, and the development of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) significantly affect patient recovery and quality of life. Despite numerous clinical studies, reliable methods for early diagnosis of CRPS and clear criteria for selecting optimal fixation techniques remain insufficiently defined. This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with distal forearm fractures and to investigate clinical and microcirculatory changes during the post traumatic period. Microvascular blood flow regulation and tissue temperature changes were analyzed using spectral amplitude frequency wavelet analysis and instrumental diagnostic methods. The study also assessed the effectiveness of a minimally invasive osteosynthesis device designed for stable fixation of metaphyseal fractures without immobilization of adjacent joints. Early postoperative rehabilitation and functional therapy were incorporated into the treatment protocol. The findings demonstrated that microcirculatory changes and persistent hyperthermia play an important role in the development of CRPS and in the regeneration processes of the distal radius. The proposed osteosynthesis device provided stable fixation of bone fragments and allowed early joint mobilization, which reduced pain, prevented secondary displacement, and improved functional recovery. Compared with conservative treatment, patients treated with the device showed faster rehabilitation and better restoration of wrist mobility. These results suggest that minimally invasive stable osteosynthesis combined with early functional therapy can significantly improve clinical outcomes and reduce complications in patients with distal forearm fractures. "
• Medical and epidemiological features of road traffic injuries in the Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Sanakulovna, Jumaniyozov Kuvondik Yoldashevich | Ph.D. Jumaniyozova Gulnoz (2026). 4(3) 12–20.

  "Road traffic injuries remain one of the leading causes of premature mortality and disability, and human factors retain a key role in the structure of road accidents. One of the most significant, yet understudied, components of the human factor is driver training, which reflects their level of practical preparedness, discipline, and ability to act safely in challenging traffic conditions. To study the factors affecting driver training and assess their role in the development of road accidents and the severity of their consequences. A comparative study was conducted using official statistical data on road accidents for 2024–2025. Indicators characterizing driver age, driving experience, the presence or absence of a driver's license, the main causes of road accidents, and the distribution of accidents by type of road user were analyzed. Descriptive and comparative statistical methods were used to calculate absolute and relative indicators, rates of change, fatality rates, injury rates, and overall accident severity. The statistical significance of differences was assessed using the χ² test at a significance level of p<0.05. It was established that the statistical structure of road accidents reflects the significant role of driver training factors in shaping accident rates and the severity of their consequences. The highest accident rate remained among young drivers, indicating a lack of practical experience and consistent safe driving skills. At the same time, a significant increase in mortality was observed in a number of middle- and older-age groups, indicating a more complex risk structure extending beyond the initial stages of a driver's career. The most unfavorable situation was observed among unlicensed drivers, for whom both the frequency of accidents and the severity of their consequences increased. Among the immediate causes of accidents, the leading roles were played by speeding, dangerous overtaking, violations of road signs and signals, and other disciplinary errors reflecting a lack of safe behavioral skills. It has been shown that driver errors pose a risk not only to the driver but also to passengers, pedestrians, and other road users. training factors are an important determinant of road traffic injuries and largely determine the structure of serious and fatal road accidents. The obtained results substantiate the need to improve the driver certification system, strengthen practice-oriented training, and develop sustainable safe behavior skills as one of the key areas of road injury prevention. "
• NATURE, EXPLOITATION, AND RESISTANCE: AN ECO-CRITICAL STUDY OF ARUNDHATI ROY’S THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS. Bhowal, Rony (2026). 5(3) 129–135.

  Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things (1997) is widely celebrated for its lyrical prose, multi-layered narrative, and incisive social critique. Beyond its examination of caste, gender, and colonial legacies, the novel offers a profound engagement with the natural world and human interactions with it. Using an eco-critical lens, this study investigates the representation of nature, environmental exploitation, and the possibilities of resistance in Roy’s work. The research explores how the novel portrays the intimate connections between humans and their environment, the destructive consequences of industrialization, capitalism, and social hierarchies on ecological systems, and the ways characters enact resistance to preserve or reclaim ecological and cultural spaces. Through textual analysis and critical engagement with eco-critical theory, this article situates The God of Small Things as both a literary and ethical intervention, highlighting its relevance to contemporary environmental discourse.
• Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur in Western Literary Studies: A Biographical-Method Reading of Harold Lamb’s Babur The Tiger and Fris Würtle’s The Prince of Andijan. Kamolov, Sherzod A. Rakhmanov | I.N. (2026). 3(6) 49–54.

  This article examines how the life and creative legacy of Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur (1483– 1530) founder of the Mughal dynasty statesman poet and author of the Baburnama have been interpreted in the literary scholarship and belles-lettres of the West. Working within the principles of the biographical method the study concentrates on the two works that first introduced Babur into the imaginative literature of Europe and America: the American writer Harold Lamb’s biographical narrative Babur the Tiger: First of the Great Moguls and the Austrian-German author Fris Würtle’s adventure novella Babur der Tiger known in Uzbek as The Prince of Andijan. Each text is read against its author’s own biography and against primary sources the Baburnama the Tarikh-i-Rashidi and the Humayun-nama as well as Pirimqul Qodirov’s historical novel Starry Nights. The analysis demonstrates that although both Western writers foreground Babur the commander and nation-builder rather than Babur the lyric poet they arrive at that image by sharply different routes: Lamb through documentary fidelity and comparative source-work Würtle through pronounced artistic invention shaped by post-war European concerns. The article argues that the balance between historical truth and artistic fiction in these texts is most fruitfully read as a projection of the writers’ own intellectual and moral preoccupations.
• IL-38 as a Marker of Immunoregulatory Reserve in Gout. Shonazarovna, Khadzhimetova Oygul Ikramovna | Jamshid Reymberganov Ikromovich | Assistant Ro’zimova Feruza (2026). 4(3) 21–27.

  "Gout is a metabolic-inflammatory disease in which hyperuricemia fuels crystal-induced inflammation, and clinical variability is often determined not only by uric acid levels but also by the balance between systemic inflammation and anti-inflammatory regulation. Interleukin-38 (IL-38), potentially reflecting the ""inhibitory reserve"" of the inflammatory response, is considered a promising marker of the immunoregulatory system. To assess IL-38 levels in patients with gout and determine its relationship with clinical disease activity and systemic immune-inflammatory indices, as well as to establish an IL-38 threshold for stratifying the risk of an unfavorable course. A single-center comparative study was conducted including two groups: patients with gout (n=120) and a comparison group without gout and hyperuricemia (n=90). Clinical and anamnestic assessment (frequency of attacks over 12 months, pain intensity according to VAS, presence of tophi), biochemical examination (SUA, creatinine, eGFR calculation), inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR) and complete blood count with calculation of NLR, SII and SIRI were performed. IL-38 levels were determined by ELISA. Statistical analysis included the U-test/t-test, Spearman correlations, multivariate logistic regression (unfavorable course: ≥2 attacks/year) and ROC analysis to determine IL-38 cut-off. IL-38 levels were lower in patients with gout compared to the comparison group: 47 [36; 62] versus 74 [58; 93] pg/ml (p<0.001). IL-38 was inversely associated with attack frequency (r=−0.34; p<0.001), pain VAS (r=−0.29; p=0.002), CRP (r=−0.31; p=0.001) and SII (r=−0.37; p<0.001). Patients with frequent attacks (≥2/year) were characterized by lower IL-38: 39 [30; 52] versus 55 [41; 69] pg/ml (p<0.001) and higher SII (p<0.001). In a multivariate model, IL-38 maintained an independent protective association with an unfavorable course (OR=0.83 per +10 pg/mL; 95% CI 0.72–0.95; p=0.008) after accounting for age, gender, SUA, and CRP. ROC analysis showed a moderately good predictive ability of IL-38 for ≥2 attacks/year: AUC=0.73 (95% CI 0.64–0.81); the optimal threshold of ≤45 pg/mL provided a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 67%. Low IL-38 in patients with gout is associated with higher clinical activity and increased systemic inflammation according to integrated blood indices. IL-38 demonstrates an independent protective association with the risk of frequent attacks and can be considered as a candidate marker for early risk stratification and personalized monitoring. "
• THE ELEVENTH PRESIDENT’S RULE IN MANIPUR: A STUDY. Meitei, Thoudam Chitaranjan (2026). 5(3) 136–145.

  The Eleventh President’s Rule imposed in Manipur didn’t bring much expected political outcomes, such as reconciliation between Meitei and the so-called Kuki-Zo community, returns of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) and the revocation of the so-called Buffer zone between Kuki and Meitei communities. Notably, it could not halt the exchange of fire between the two communities. As usual, it brought the toppling of the Council of Ministers led by N. Biren Singh and put the state legislature under the animated suspension, making a rare moment where the same political party in Delhi topples the state government of the same political party, pavingthe way for regime change, i.e., change of Chief Ministership. Administratively, the eleventh president’s rule brought temporary streamlining of the administration in the valley areas, such as the conduct of land eviction drive, sensitisation of the law and order through the conduct of combing operations in valley areas, but similar security measures were not carried out in the hill districts. As far as the views of different communities are concerned, both the Meitei and Naga communities condemned the toppling of democratically elected popular government and demanded the revocation of president’s rule. However, the so-called Kuki-Zo community welcome the imposition of president’s rule, alleging the bias of N.Biren Singh government. Indeed, the Eleventh president’s rule did not bring the paradigm shift as expected, rather it has served as a political transitional phase for tendering, a change of political regime, i.e., a change from N.Biren Singh’s government to the Government under the Chief Ministership ofY.Khemchand Singh. If imposition of president’s rule was justified on the view of breakdown of constitutional machineries, it should have been imposed in the initial phase of the ethnic violence. Even then, after it was imposed, the famous politico-administrative principle i.e Universal Application of Law, should have been ushered into the state. It is observed that frequent imposition of the president’s rule in Manipur has led to the emergence of a strong sense of alienation among the people of Manipur, which paves the way for the radicalisation of the state’s people, leading to the fuelling of separatism in the state. Thus, imposition of Article 356 of the Indian Constitution is indeed a necessary evil, impinging on the federal structure, and it should only be resorted to as the last political option.
• Reflections on the Teaching of Phraseological Expressions in Uzbek Language Classes. Madina, Alimova (2026). 3(6) 99–102.

  In Uzbek language lessons issues regarding the enrichment of students' vocabulary through phraseological units the development of speech competence and familiarization with the national-cultural content of expressions are relevant. This article examines the methodological aspects of teaching phrases.
• The Impact of Loneliness on the Human Psyche. qizi, Saʼdullayeva Dano Abdukomil (2026). 3(6) 103–108.

  Loneliness has become one of the most significant psychological challenges of the twenty-first century affecting individuals regardless of age gender or social status. This article examines the psychological nature of loneliness and its impact on emotional well-being cognitive functioning and mental health. Based on contemporary psychological theories and empirical research the study distinguishes between emotional and social loneliness and analyzes their effects on stress depression anxiety self-esteem and cognitive performance. The paper also discusses the role of digital communication in shaping modern experiences of loneliness emphasizing that the quality of social relationships is more important than their quantity. Furthermore it highlights the positive aspects of voluntary solitude as a source of self-reflection creativity and personal growth. The article concludes by proposing evidencebased psychological interventions including cognitive-behavioral strategies social support and community engagement to reduce loneliness and improve psychological well-being.
• The Importance of Using Artificial Intelligence Types in Karakalpak Language Classes. Biybixatiysha, Qidirbayeva (2026). 3(6) 55–58.

  The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has significantly transformed modern education. AI-based tools provide new opportunities for language teaching by enhancing learning efficiency personalization and student engagement. This study examines the importance of using different types of artificial intelligence in Karakalpak language classes. The research is based on the analysis of scientific literature related to AI applications in education and language learning. The findings indicate that generative AI natural language processing technologies machine learning systems and speech recognition tools can contribute to the development of linguistic communicative and digital competencies among students. The study highlights both the advantages and limitations of integrating AI into Karakalpak language education and emphasizes the need for its pedagogically appropriate implementation.
• The Past in Postmodern Fiction and Dramatic Texts (Guram Batiashvili’s novel and play). Marine, Topuria (2026). 3(6) 1–6.

  This study explores the representation of the past in postmodern fiction and dramatic texts focusing on the works of Guram Batiashvili. The research examines how historical reality is reconstructed fragmented and reinterpreted through postmodern narrative techniques such as intertextuality metafiction and temporal distortion. Special attention is given to the interaction between memory identity and history in both the novel and the play highlighting the blurred boundaries between fact and fiction. The paper argues that Batiashvili’s works reflect the postmodern tendency to question grand narratives and offer multiple perspectives on the past. Through comparative analysis the study reveals how literary and dramatic forms differently engage with historical themes while maintaining common postmodern aesthetics.
• The Rendering of Ethnonyms and Titles in the English Translation of Institutes of Timour. Shakhzod, Abdullaev (2026). 3(6) 81–86.

  This article examines the rendering of ethnonyms and social-status titles in the English translation of Institutes of Timour. The study focuses on the lexical-semantic historical and cultural features of ethnonyms denoting tribes peoples and ethnic groups as well as titles expressing military administrative and social hierarchy. Special attention is paid to the translator’s strategies including transliteration transcription descriptive translation lexical substitution and partial adaptation. The analysis shows that ethnonyms and titles in Institutes of Timour are not merely nominative units but culturally marked elements that reflect the political structure military organization and social worldview of the Timurid period. Their inadequate or inconsistent rendering may weaken historical authenticity reduce cultural specificity and affect the pragmatic impact of the original text. Therefore the article argues that the translation of such units requires a balanced approach that preserves national-cultural identity while ensuring clarity for the target reader. The research contributes to the study of historical text translation and highlights the importance of semantic accuracy and cultural adequacy in rendering culturally specific lexical units.
• The Role of Information Competence in Enhancing Students’ Research and Academic Writing Skills. Sadullaev, Jaloladdin (2026). 3(6) 68–73.

  In the global knowledge economy research and academic writing competence are decisive for students’ scholarly success and professional mobility. The quality of these skills is however largely conditioned by information competence: the capacity to recognise an information need and to locate evaluate synthesise and use information effectively and ethically. Purpose: This study examines how information competence supports the development of research and academic writing skills in higher education and proposes an integrated model for embedding it within an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) context. Methods: A mixed-methods quasi-experimental design was applied with 90 undergraduate students at Urgench State Pedagogical Institute over one semester combining digital-library access citation-management workshops and guided research-writing tasks outcomes were measured through analytic rubrics referencing-error counts and Turnitin originality reports. Findings: Students who received explicit information-competence instruction produced papers with substantially fewer referencing errors higher writing-quality scores and markedly lower textual overlap. Value: The paper argues that information competence is a multidimensional construct—integrating information literacy digital literacy critical thinking and academic integrity—and offers evidence-based recommendations for policymakers faculty and students in developing-country higher education.
• Chunky Chains: Graph Drawings on Small Screens. Hegemann, Tim; Jilg, Dominik; Sieper, Marie Diana; Wolf, Samuel (2026, July).

  We introduce Chunky Chains, a graph drawing style designed for small screens such as smartphones, where vertical scrolling is the dominant means of interaction. A Chunky Chain consists of a vertical chain of chord diagrams, called buckets. Vertices are placed as circular arcs on bucket boundaries, and edges are drawn inside a bucket or through gate nodes connecting consecutive buckets. Since every bucket contains only a bounded number of vertices, the drawing has bounded width. The combinatorial core is the choice of a bucket arrangement. Given a capacity c, the vertices are partitioned into an ordered set of buckets, each of size at most c. Edges whose endpoints lie in the same or in adjacent buckets are short. Edges that are "skipping" at least one bucket are long, and we draw them only partially. The goal is to minimize the number of long edges. We present a combinatorial framework for producing high quality Chunky Chains and analyze the complexity of its steps. We develop exact and heuristic algorithms, and experimentally evaluate their effectiveness. Our experiments show that many real-world graphs have good Chunky Chain visualizations. In a case study, we discuss Chunky Chains for graphs with certain temporal features.
• PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY AND JOB SATISFACTION OF TEACHER EDUCATORS IN INDIAN B.ED COLLEGES. Kumari, Madhu (2026). 5(4) 59–67.

  Professional competency and job satisfaction are two closely connected aspects that determine the effectiveness of teacher educators in B.Ed colleges across India. Teacher educators are expected to possess strong subject knowledge, pedagogical skills, research orientation, and the ability to adapt to changing educational needs. At the same time, their level of job satisfaction influences motivation, performance, and commitment to quality teaching. This study explores how professional competency and job satisfaction interact and shape the overall quality of teacher education. Secondary sources such as policy documents, accreditation reports, and scholarly studies reveal that professional competency is often defined through parameters like curriculum delivery, classroom management, use of ICT, and engagement in research. NCTE guidelines emphasize minimum standards for teacher educators, while NAAC accreditation highlights continuous improvement and accountability. However, challenges remain in practice. Many institutions face issues such as inadequate faculty development programs, limited opportunities for research, and uneven exposure to modern pedagogical tools. These gaps affect both competency and satisfaction levels. Job satisfaction among teacher educators is influenced by factors such as workload, institutional support, recognition, career growth, and working conditions. Secondary data shows that educators in well-resourced urban institutions often report higher satisfaction compared to those in rural colleges, where infrastructure and opportunities are limited. Yet, prospects are encouraging. Revised policies, ICT integration, and outcome-based accreditation provide opportunities for professional growth and improved satisfaction. This study underscores that professional competency and job satisfaction are interdependent. Enhancing facultydevelopment, providing research opportunities, and ensuring supportive institutional environments can strengthen both. Ultimately, improving these aspects is essential for preparing motivated teacher educators who can contribute meaningfully to India’s teacher education system and its broader educational transformation.
• YANGI OʻZBEKISTONNING YUNESKO BILAN HAMKORLIGI: MADANIY MEROS, TA’LIM VA BARQAROR RIVOJLANISH YO‘NALISHLARI. qizi, Isroilova Zarnigor Abdujalil (2026). 5(4) 1–5.

  Ushbu maqolada Yangi O‘zbekistonning YUNESKO bilan hamkorligi zamonaviy ijtimoiy-siyosiy o‘zgarishlar fonida tahlil qilinadi va tadqiqotda mamlakatning ochiqlik siyosati va xalqaro integratsiya jarayonlari madaniy merosni asrash, ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirish hamda global imijni shakllantirish bilan qanday uzviy bog‘langanligi yoritiladi. Tahlil jarayonida normativ hujjatlar, xalqaro hisobotlar va statistik ma’lumotlar asosida hamkorlikning asosiy yo‘nalishlari aniqlab berildi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, YUNESKO bilan aloqalar O‘zbekistonda madaniy merosni muhofaza qilish tizimini takomillashtirish, nomoddiy qadriyatlarni keng targ‘ib etish va ta’lim sohasida xalqaro standartlarni joriy etishda muhim rol o‘ynamoqda. Shu bilan birga, ushbu hamkorlik turizm rivoji va mamlakatning xalqaro maydondagi nufuzini oshirishga ham sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Tadqiqot davomida ayrim tizimli muammolar ham aniqlanib, ularni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha takliflar ilgari surildi va umuman olganda, Yangi O‘zbekistonning YUNESKO bilan hamkorligi barqaror rivojlanish va madaniy diplomatiya nuqtai nazaridan muhim strategik yo‘nalish sifatida baholanadi
• THE IMPACT OF GIRLS’ PERCEPTION OF RELIGIOUS AND LEGAL CONCEPTS IN ENGLISH ON SOCIETY. Malika Abror qizi Ostonaqulova, Dilshoda Latifjon qizi Davranova (2026). 5(4) 6–10.

  This paper examines the impact of girls’ perception of religious and legal concepts in English, emphasizing the positive role of Islamic values such as tolerance, honesty, and justice. While English as a global language introduces diverse interpretations of legal and ethical systems, this study argues that Islamic teachings provide a stable and comprehensive moral framework that aligns with universal human values. Through qualitative analysis of female students’ interpretations, the research demonstrates that exposure to English terminology does not necessarily weaken religious identity; rather, it can reinforce Islamic principles when approached critically. The findings reveal that concepts such as justice, rights, and morality are often better understood and appreciated when compared with Islamic teachings, leading to deeper ethical awareness. The study highlights the compatibility between Islamic values and global discourse, suggesting that English language education can serve as a bridge for strengthening, rather than replacing, religious and moral consciousness
• NAQSHBANDIYLIK TARIQATI VA CHISHTIYA TARIQATI TASAVVUFIY TA’LIMOTLARINING QIYOSIY TAHLILI. oʻgʻli, Matyakubov Ismoil Jumaboy (2026). 5(4) 11–15.

  Mazkur maqolada tasavvuf ta’limoti doirasida shakllangan tariqatlar, xususan Naqshbandiya va Chishtiya tariqatlarining mohiyati va o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Tariqatlarning shakllanishi, asosiy tushunchalari, maqsad va vazifalari yoritilib, ularning ma’naviy-axloqiy hayotdagi o‘rni ko‘rsatib berilgan. Shuningdek, ushbu ikki tariqatning g‘oyaviy yo‘nalishlari, zikr usullari, tarbiya tizimi va jamiyatdagi roli qiyosiy jihatdan o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari tasavvufiy tariqatlar inson kamoloti va jamiyat ma’naviy rivojida muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanligini asoslaydi.
• GIS ANALYSIS OF LINEAR AND SPIRAL GEOMETRIES IN THE BOSNIAN VALLEY OF THE PYRAMIDS. Osmanagich, Sam (2026). 13(1) 1–11.
• YANGI TA’LIM –YANGI KELAJAK. Uktamovna, Egamnazarova Xulkar (2026). 5(4) 16–19.

  Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekistonda ta’lim sohasini rivojlantirish davlat siyosatining ustuvor yo‘nalishlaridan biri sifatida tahlil qilingan. Unda ta’lim tizimida amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar, ularning mazmun-mohiyati hamda jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Shuningdek, yosh avlodni bilimli, raqobatbardosh va ma’naviy yetuk shaxs sifatida tarbiyalash masalalariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Maqolada zamonaviy ta’lim texnologiyalarini joriy etish, o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy malakasini oshirish, ta’lim muassasalarining moddiy-texnik bazasini mustahkamlash hamda xalqaro hamkorlikni rivojlantirish kabi yo‘nalishlar keng yoritilgan. Bundan tashqari, buyuk mutafakkirlar qarashlari asosida ta’lim va tarbiyaning jamiyat hayotidagi ahamiyati ochib berilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari ta’lim tizimini takomillashtirish yoshlarning intellektual salohiyatini oshirish va mamlakat taraqqiyotini ta’minlashda muhim omil ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.
• SON KOMPONENTLI FRAZEOLOGIK BIRLIKLARNING LINGVISTIK XUSUSIYATLARI. Doliyeva Laylo Buriboyevna, Burxonova Ruxshona (2026). 5(4) 20–22.

  Maqolada fransuz tili frazeologiyasida son komponentlarining o‘rni, ularning semantik va lingvokulturologik xususiyatlari tadqiq qilingan. Raqamlarning milliy-madaniy konnotatsiyalari hamda frazeologik birliklar tarkibidagi funksional o‘ziga xosliklari atroflicha yoritib berilgan.
• СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ ПРИДАТКА ЯИЧКА ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СПОСОБАХ МЕСТНОЙ АНЕСТЕЗИИ. Кодиров Мироншох Дилшодович, Хасанова Дилноза Ахроровна (2026). 5(4) 23–31.

  В рамках экспериментального исследования выполнена сравнительная оценка морфологических изменений тканей придатка яичка при различных способах местной анестезии с применением лидокаина и новокаина. Изучено влияние интратестикулярного и проводникового введения анестетиков на структурную организацию семенных канальцев, интерстициальной ткани и сосудистого компонента. Морфологическая оценка проводилась с использованием гистологических методов окраски гематоксилин-эозином и по Ван-Гизону, а также морфометрического анализа, включающего определение толщины стенки канальцев, площади их просвета, степени выраженности отёка, деструкции эпителиального слоя и фиброзных изменений. Установлено, что интратестикулярное введение анестетиков приводит к более выраженным морфологическим нарушениям по сравнению с проводниковой анестезией, что проявляется дезорганизацией эпителиального слоя, утолщением межканальцевых перегородок и нарушением микроциркуляции (p < 0,05). Наиболее значимые патологические изменения отмечены при интратестикулярном введении новокаина, тогда как при проводниковой анестезии лидокаином наблюдалась минимальная степень структурных повреждений. Расчёт интегрального морфологического индекса повреждения (ISI′) подтвердил статистически значимое влияние способа введения анестетика на выраженность тканевых изменений. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о ключевой роли метода анестезии в формировании морфологического ответа тканей придатка яичка и обосновывают необходимость выбора наименее травматичного подхода при выполнении диагностических и лечебных вмешательств, особенно у пациентов репродуктивного возраста
• INTEGRATION OF AI-DRIVEN ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SPECIAL EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND ETHICAL CONCERNS. Ghosh, Dr. Manik (2026). 5(4) 32–41.

  The research work has explored the concept of implementing AI-assistive technologies in special education and its efficiency, pedagogy, ethics, and implementation. This Article explains the increasing necessity of inclusive education and points out the gaps that have been observed, using evidence like low adoption of AI in teachers and low institutional readiness as examples. Literature Review is a critical review of the previous literature, where AI has moderate effectiveness, partial compatibility with IEPs, there are ethical concerns,and disparities in access are identified. methodology implements a qualitative study with a secondary research design based on systematic literature review and thematic analysis. This Article discusses four important themes, demonstrating that AI can enhance learning and accessibility, but it has difficulties in pedagogy, ethics, and system-level implementation. Lastly, outlines the necessity of an integrated, controlled, and ethically regulated system that can be used to promote sustainable and fair AI integration in special education
• IMPACT OF WELFARE SCHOLARSHIP SCHEMES ON EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN WEST BENGAL: A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MALDA DISTRICT. Parvej, Md (2026). 5(4) 42–53.

  The Government of West Bengal has implemented multiple welfare schemes aimed at improving educational access, equity, and retention among students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. This study examines the impact of major educational support schemes such as Aikyashree Scholarship, Kanyashree Scheme, Sabuj Sathi Scheme, Taruner Swapno Scheme, Rupashree Scheme, Shikshashree Scheme, Swami Vivekananda Merit-cum-Means Scholarship and the Student Credit Card Scheme on educational development in the state, with special emphasis on Malda district.Using a descriptive and analytical approach based on secondary data and conceptual interpretation, the study finds that these schemes collectively contribute to increased enrolment, reduced dropout rates, gender empowerment, and improved access to secondary and higher education. The integrated implementation of these welfare initiatives has strengthened educational participation among economically disadvantaged and marginalized groups. However, challenges such as limited awareness, administrative delays in benefit disbursement, and concerns regarding the quality of educational outcomes continue to affect the overall effectiveness of these programs.The study underscores the importance of a continuum-based welfare model that supports students throughoutdifferent stages of education and recommends policy-level improvements to enhance coordination, monitoring, and equitable access to educational opportunities in the state.
• O‘ZBEKİSTON VA YAPONİYA O‘RTASİDAGİ MADANİY HAMKORLİKNİNG RİVOJLANİSH DİNAMİKASİ. Uralovna, Otamuradova Dildora (2026). 5(3) 126–128.

  Maskur maqolada O’zbekiston Respublikasining mustaqillik davrida Yaponiya bilan o’rnatgan diplomatik munosabatlari ijtimoiy iqtisodiy hamda madaniy gumanitar va ta’lim soxasida shakillanish jarayoni, bosqichma bosqich rivojlanishi va yapon va o’zbek arxeologlari olib borgan qazishmalar natijalari hamda bugungi kundagi holati tahlil qilinadi.Ushbu maqola Yaponiyaning Markaziy Osiyodagi madaniy siyosi strategiyasi va O’zbekistonning bu jarayondagi o’rni ham muxokama qilinadi. Ikki davlat o’rtasidagi aloqalarning nafaqat ikki tamonlama doirada balki keng mintaqaviy va global barqarorlik hamda taraqqiyotga ta’siri nuqtai nazaridan muhimligini kursatadi
• PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS AND EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF VOCAL AND SINGING COMPETENCE IN STUDENTS. Khodjaniyazov Islambay Atabayevich, Shodmonova Gulbegim Bahodir qiz (2026). 5(3) 122–125.

  The development of students’ vocal-singing competence is an important component of music education that integrates physiological, psychological, pedagogical, and artistic dimensions. This article explores the pedagogical conditions and effective methods for forming and improving vocal-singing competence among students. It examines the role of systematic vocal training, individualized instruction, and the creation of a supportive learning environment in enhancing students’ singing abilities. The study highlights the importance of breathing techniques, voice production, articulation, musical hearing, rhythm perception, and expressive performance as core elements of vocal competence. Furthermore, it discusses modern pedagogical approaches, including learner-centered education, competency-based instruction, interactive methods, and the integration of digital technologies in music teaching. The article also emphasizes the significance of teacher professionalism, motivational strategies, and continuous feedback in achieving effective learning outcomes. By analyzing various methodological approaches and pedagogical conditions, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how to develop students’ vocal skills in an educational setting and contribute to their overall musical and aesthetic development
• Professionally-Oriented Foreign Language Teaching: Linguodidactic Foundations and Pedagogical Implications. Shakhlo, Urunova (2026). 3(6) 90–94.

  Professionally-oriented foreign language teaching has become an essential component of higher education particularly in non-philological specialties. This article examines the key characteristics of such instruction including the selection of language material the central role of needs analysis the use of authentic resources and integration with professional competencies. Drawing on the works of international CIS and Uzbek scholars the study highlights the methodological differences between general and professional language courses and substantiates the importance of a competency-based and content-integrated approach.
• Nonlinear magnon magnetic moment transport in triangular-lattice \($f$\)-wave anti-altermagnets. Kravchuk, Volodymyr P.; Yershov, Kostiantyn V.; Pradenas, Bastián; Neumann, Robin R.; Jaeschke-Ubiergo, Rodrigo; Zarzuela, Ricardo; Sinova, Jairo; van den Brink, Jeroen; Mook, Alexander (2026). 114(19) 194410.

  We study the spin excitations in the frustrated coplanar \($120^\ensuremath\circ$\) ground state of the triangular-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet and demonstrate that they carry a magnetic moment perpendicular to the plane in which the spins order, despite the ground-state sublattice moments having no out-of-plane component. The symmetry of the momentum dependence of the magnetic moment and energy of the magnons renders the system an odd-parity \($f$\)-wave magnet. Extending this model to a stack of antiferromagnetically coupled triangular layers provides a realization of magnons in a three-dimensional \($f$\)-wave anti-altermagnet. We show that nonlinear thermal transport effects of magnons, such as Edelstein and spin-splitter effects, provide clear experimental signatures of magnons in \($f$\)-wave anti-altermagnets.
• Early Predictors of Complicated Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: The Role of Inflammatory and Hematological Biomarkers. Al-Hadeethi, Emad M. Thaker (2026). 4(3) 28–37.

  Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a frequent source of morbidity in children, and can be a self-limited illness or result in significant dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, and systemic complications. Clinically important to identify children who are at risk of complicated disease in a timely manner. Aim of this study to assess the predictive capacity of some inflammatory-, hematological- and biochemical markers for early recognition of complicated AGE in children. A prospective analytical study was done from April 2024 to April 2025 in children aged 6 months to 5 years with AGE (n = 120). There were an equal number of uncomplicated (60) and complicated (60) AGE groups. Assessment of clinical characteristics, complete blood count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and stool examination results were done. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. The results showed that children with complicated AGE had significantly higher WBC, neutrophil, NLR, PLR, CRP, ESR, urea and creatinine levels as well as decreased levels of lymphocytes, sodium and potassium levels than those with uncomplicated AGE (P<0.05). The NLR, the CRP level, leukocytosis, ESR, hyponatremia and urea level were independently associated with complicated AGE. The NLR and CRP had the highest discriminatory values with AUCs of 0.88 and 0.89, respectively. Although there is no clear consensus, inflammatory and hematological biomarkers (CRP and NLR) along with routine clinical and biochemical parameters may help identify children early who are at higher risk of complicated AGE and facilitate timely clinical management.
• Ahmad Donish as an Intellectual Link Between The Classical Eastern Philosophical Tradition and Jadidist Thought. Ataev, Alisher (2026). 3(6) 27–31.

  The article analyzes the place of Ahmad Donish in the history of socio-philosophical thought of Central Asia as a key intellectual link between the classical Eastern philosophical tradition and the Jadid reformist movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It examines the socio-political and cultural conditions of the Bukhara Emirate in the second half of the 19th century which influenced the formation of the thinker’s critical worldview. Based on the works of Ahmad Donish as well as the assessments of his contemporaries and later researchers his role in transforming the classical normative-ethical model of social order into a system of socio-institutional analysis is revealed. Special attention is paid to the scientific foundations of his critique of state governance his ideas of justice responsibility of power the importance of knowledge and the necessity of social reforms. It is substantiated that Ahmad Donish ensured intellectual continuity between the classical Eastern scientific-philosophical heritage and the modernist reformist ideology of Jadidism preparing the conceptual prerequisites for the formation of a new type of social consciousness.
• SURATDAGI IDEALLIK ORTIDAGI HAQIQAT. Uktamovna, Egamnazarova Xulkar (2026). 5(3) 101–103.

  Bugungi kunda ijtimoiy tarmoqlar inson hayotining ajralmas qismiga aylangan. Ular odamlar orasida ideal hayot tasavvurini shakllantirishi mumkin, ammo ko‘pincha bu ko‘rinish sun’iy yaratilgan obrazga asoslanadi. Shuning uchun ijtimoiy tarmoqlardan foydalanishda tanqidiy fikrlash muhimdir. Har bir inson o‘z hayotini boshqalarning suratlari bilan solishtirmay, o‘z imkoniyatlari va qadriyatlariga tayangan holda shakllantirishi kerak. Haqiqiy baxt tashqi ko‘rinishda emas, ichki qoniqish va hayotiy tajribada namoyon bo‘ladi
• Contemporary Relevance of Swami Vivekananda’s Educational Philosophy. Maiti, Dipak Chowdhury | Dr. Jayati (2026). 3(6) 7–14.

  The educational philosophy of Swami Vivekananda remains highly relevant in the contemporary world due to its emphasis on holistic human development character formation self-confidence and moral values. Vivekananda viewed education not merely as the accumulation of information but as the manifestation of the perfection already present within every individual. His educational ideas aimed at developing physical mental intellectual and spiritual capacities to create responsible and self-reliant citizens. In an era marked by technological advancement globalization social inequality and ethical challenges his philosophy offers valuable guidance for creating a balanced and humane educational system. Vivekananda advocated universal education empowerment of youth women’s education and service to humanity all of which continue to influence modern educational thought. His vision encourages learners to cultivate inner strength critical thinking and social responsibility. Therefore Vivekananda’s educational philosophy provides a timeless framework for addressing contemporary educational needs and fostering sustainable human development.
• Uniaxial strain-driven ferroelastic domain tuning in LaAlO\($_\mathbf3$\). Roeper, Matthias; Buschbeck, Robin; Wetzel, Jakob; Ritschel, Tobias; Hofmann, Anna-Lena; Kovtunovych, Vladyslav; Pionteck, Mike N.; Taboada-Gutiérrez, Javier; Kuzmenko, Alexey B.; Basini, Martina; Unikandanunni, Vivek; Kiseleva, Iuliia; Geck, Jochen; Kehr, Susanne C.; Lederer, Maximilian; Sanna, Simone; Eng, Lukas M.; Seddon, Samuel D. (2026). n/a(n/a) e78098.

  ABSTRACT Multiferroic domain walls in functional oxides exhibit properties distinct from the bulk and are increasingly exploited as active elements in nanoelectronic and photonic devices. Deterministic tuning of domain populations has typically remained limited to local solutions, or removal with temperature. Here, the manipulation of ferroelastic domain structure, and removal of the twin walls between them in single-crystal \\($\rm LaAlO\_3\$\) using in situ uniaxial strain is demonstrated. Combining atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy with first-principles calculations, the microscopic evolution of the twin domain population is mapped through a strain-driven transition from the rhombohedral \\($R\bar3c\$\) ground state toward the predicted orthorhombic \\($Fmmm\$\) phase. Applied strains below \\($0.5\\%\$\) produce pronounced surface flattening and large-scale domain reorganization, establishing uniaxial strain as a technically accessible tuning parameter for ferroelastic domain engineering. These results open a route to active alterations of domain architectures in \\($\rm LaAlO\_3\$\)-based heterostructures, with implications for epitaxial film properties, nanoscale phonon-polariton optics, and ultrafast lattice control.
• Effect of GeoGebra Assisted Instruction on University Undergraduates’ Retention of Calculus Concepts in Universities in North-East Nigeria. Uba, AJAI John Tyavbee | DANJUMA Stella Gideon | BABANGAMBO (2026). 3(6) 114–126.

  The current study sought to evaluate the effect of GeoGebra-based teaching on the retention of calculus among university undergraduates in universities in North-Eastern Nigeria. The study was prompted by the problem of the inability of undergraduate students to retain calculus concepts despite the importance of calculus in science technology engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. A one group pre-test post-test and post post-test research design was employed. The population of the study is composed of all the 274 Mathematics and Mathematics Education undergraduate students offering Calculus in some selected universities in North-East Nigeria. The sample size for the study was eighty-two (82) students drawn from four (4) universities through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data for the study were collected using the Calculus Retention Test (CRT) developed by the researcher and validated by experts in the field of Mathematics Mathematics Education and Educational Measurement and Evaluation. Reliability coefficient of the test was 0.78. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and sampled paired t test were employed to test the null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The results findings are the instructional approach supported meaningful long-term retention of calculus concepts GeoGebra software instruction promoted consistent long-term retention across university contexts and GeoGebra software instruction has broad applicability and effectiveness across diverse undergraduate learning contexts.
• Effective Educational Planning as a Strategy for Addressing Graduate Unemployability in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions. IGWE, Peace Ogechukwu (2026). 3(6) 59–67.

  Graduate unemployability remains one of the greatest socio-economic and educational challenges confronting Nigeria today. The inability of many tertiary institution graduates to secure employment has raised serious concerns about the relevance quality and effectiveness of tertiary education in Nigeria. This paper therefore discusses the concept of educational planning and the role of effective educational planning in improving graduate employability in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Depending on secondary data the paper revealed that effective educational planning has a significant role to play in addressing this challenge through curriculum reforms manpower forecasting entrepreneurship education quality assurance infrastructural development and stronger collaboration between institutions and industries. Educational planning ensures that tertiary education responds effectively to labour market demands and national development needs. When properly implemented effective educational planning can produce graduates who possess practical competencies entrepreneurial capacities technological skills and employability attributes necessary for self-reliance and productive engagement in the labour market. Based on the findings the study recommends the followings: Nigerian tertiary institutions should regularly review and update their curricula to reflect current labour market demands and technological advancements. Government should provide adequate funding to tertiary institutions for the provision of modern infrastructure laboratories workshops and digital learning facilities. Entrepreneurship education and skill acquisition programmes should be strengthened in all tertiary institutions to promote selfemployment among graduates and Strong partnerships should be established between tertiary institutions and industries to enhance industrial training internships and practical learning experiences.
• ISLOM BANKINI TASHKIL ETISH LOYIHASI. Madina, Baxronova (2026). 5(3) 104–109.

  Bugungi kunda O‘zbekistonda islomiy banklar va moliyaviy instrumentlar, xususan “Sukuk”, milliy iqtisodiyot rivoji va ijtimoiy barqarorlikni ta’minlashda muhim vosita hisoblanadi. Mahalliy va xorijiy tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, islomiy moliya tizimini joriy etishda huquqiy asoslarni mustahkamlash, shariy kengashlarni tashkil etish, moliyaviy savodxonlikni oshirish va bosqichma-bosqich xizmatlarni joriy etish zarur. Empirik tadqiqotlar aholining bu xizmatlarga bo‘lgan ehtiyoji va ishonchini tasdiqlaydi, shuningdek, FinTech va innovatsion platformalar orqali islomiy moliyaviy vositalarni kengaytirish imkoniyatlarini ko‘rsatadi
• Decomposing Directed Graphs into Partial Orders is Hard. Gutowski, Grzegorz; Jilg, Dominik; Lauerbach, Antonio; Rams, Mikołaj (2026, October).

  Comparability graphs represent partial orders and provide natural building blocks for representing a graph as a union of simpler graphs. The analogous task in the directed setting is to represent a digraph as a union of partial orders. Aboulker et al. [arXiv, 2026] recently introduced the partial order decomposition number as a useful structural parameter in their study of tournaments. Formally, a partial order decomposition of a digraph D is a cover of its arc set by transitive acyclic subdigraphs, each representing a strict partial order on the vertex set of D. The partial order decomposition number is the minimum number of such subdigraphs needed. We also consider the partitioning variant, in which every arc belongs to exactly one of the partial orders in the decomposition. We prove that, for every fixed k≥2, deciding whether a digraph admits a decomposition into at most k partial orders is NP-complete, even for directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). For k=2, we reduce from NAE-3-SAT. For k≥3, we reduce from k-Coloring, and the reduction yields DAGs with triangle-free underlying graphs. Both reductions establish hardness for both variants. We further show that the minimum cover size and the minimum partition size can differ even on DAGs.
• From Linguistic Competence To Ecological Responsibility: Reconsidering The Goals Of Foreign Language Education. Murodullayevna, Sadullayeva Zukhra (2026). 3(6) 32–37.

  This article examines the transformation of the goals of foreign language education in the context of contemporary ecological and social challenges. It highlights the limitations of traditional languagecentered approaches focused mainly on linguistic competence. The study emphasizes the growing importance of ecological responsibility ethical communication and sustainability-oriented interaction in modern foreign language pedagogy. The findings demonstrate that foreign language education should contribute not only to language development but also to ecological consciousness ethical responsibility and global citizenship among students.
• Phytomelioration as a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy on Desertified Lands of Southern Karakalpakstan: Evidence from Tortkul Beruniy Ellikqala and Amudaryo Districts. Uli, Bazarbaev Baxadir Abatbay (2026). 3(6) 74–80.

  Accelerating climate change and prolonged drying of the Aral Sea have dramatically intensified desertification and secondary salinization across Southern Karakalpakstan. This study investigates the role of phytomelioration — the deliberate establishment of halophytic and psammophytic plant species — as an ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) strategy under worsening climatic conditions. Four-year field trials (2021–2024) were conducted across 840 ha in Tortkul Beruniy Ellikqala and Amudaryo districts. We compared four management variants: control (no intervention) phytomelioration only phytomelioration combined with agrochemical inputs and phytomelioration integrated with hydromeliorative measures. Key indicators monitored included topsoil salt content groundwater table depth surface albedo dust emission intensity and vegetation cover fraction. Results show that phytomelioration reduced topsoil salinity by 38–56% lowered groundwater tables by 1.2–2.4 m increased vegetation cover from 4% to 47% and reduced dust emission intensity by 62% over the study period. Surface albedo decreased from 0.42 to 0.31 indicating improved energy balance. Under projected climate scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) phytomelioration maintained higher soil moisture retention and greater plant survival rates compared to unmanaged plots. These findings establish phytomelioration as a cost-effective scalable EbA tool for mitigating climate-driven land degradation in hyper-arid Central Asian environments.
• SADDI ISKANDARIY DOSTONIDA KOMIL INSON VA ADOLATLI HUKMDOR TALQINI. Alibekov Sherzod Salohiddinovich, Muhiddinov M.Q (2026). 5(3) 110–113.

  Mazkur maqolada Alisher Navoiyning “Saddi Iskandariy” dostoni asosida komil inson konsepsiyasi va adolatli hukmdor talqini ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, dostonning XX bobi asosida adolat tushunchasining badiiy-falsafiy mohiyati, uning ilohiy, ijtimoiy va ma’naviy darajalari yoritiladi. Tadqiqot jarayonida Iskandar obrazi komil insonning hukmdor timsolidagi ifodasi sifatida talqin qilinib, hukmdor shaxsining ma’naviy kamoloti va ijtimoiy mas’uliyati masalalari ochib beriladi. Shuningdek, adolatning davlat barqarorligi va jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni asoslab beriladi
• Integration of Educational Technology into Secondary School Teaching and Learning of Biology in Obio/Akpor Rivers State Nigeria. Konyeme, Martha Ijok Adibe Njoku | Josephine Ese (2026). 3(6) 15–26.

  This study investigates “Educational Technology Integration into teaching and learning of Biology in secondary school in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area. Three research questions and three hypotheses were postulated to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of this study comprises all the SS2 students in public secondary schools in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State numbering 27 public schools and 12606 SS2 students. The sample for the study consists of 200 Senior Secondary Two (SS2) students (110 females and 90 males) drawn from a total population of 12606 SS2 students from 28 public secondary schools in Obio/Akpor LGA. The data was obtained through a questionnaire titled “Questionnaire for Education Technology Integration (QETI). 20 copies of the research instrument were administered to 20 students who are not part of the sample of the study. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) coefficient was used to correlate the data and obtained a coefficient (r) 0.79 which shows that the instrument was reliable. Mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the research questions while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study shows that educational technology integration influence the learning ability of Biology students in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area. The study therefore recommended that educational technology integration should be employed by teachers in all learning situations as it improves the learning ability of students in Biology.
• Isomorphic and Allomorphic Properties of Multiple-Level Oral Verbs of the Concept “Head” In English and Russian Languages and Translation Problems. Yusupjanova, Feruza Kurbanovna (2026). 3(6) 87–89.

  This study provides a detailed examination of the concept “head” and its linguistic manifestations in English and Russian oral discourse focusing on semantic pragmatic and cultural dimensions. Using a contrastive framework informed by cognitive metaphor theory and discourse analysis it identifies isomorphic similarities—where structural and semantic features align—as well as allomorphic divergences that challenge direct translation. The research analyzes 150 discourse samples and finds that while anatomical and institutional uses of “head” (e.g. “head of state”) often align in both languages idiomatic and metaphorical applications show cultural and pragmatic divergence. Special attention is given to translation strategies for these expressions proposing a context-sensitive interpretive method for maintaining both semantic fidelity and cultural resonance.
• Local Characteristics of Gameonyms in Uzbek English and Korean Languages. kizi, Khusanova Gulasal Shuhratjon (2026). 3(6) 43–48.

  This article investigates the local and linguocultural characteristics of gameonyms in Uzbek English and Korean languages from a comparative onomastic and pragmatic perspective. The study aims to determine how game names reflect national mentality communicative strategies cultural symbols and localization tendencies in different linguistic environments. The research is based on a corpus of traditional games video game titles online game nicknames and in-game naming systems collected from Uzbek English and Korean linguistic sources. The study applies comparative-typological socioonomastic discourse-pragmatic and linguocultural methods within the framework of modern onomastics and game studies. The findings demonstrate that Uzbek gameonyms are characterized by collective-cultural symbolism and action-oriented naming structures English gameonyms tend to emphasize competition heroism and pragmatic marketability whereas Korean gameonyms exhibit hybridization emotional compactness and strong narrative stylization influenced by digital culture and K-media discourse. The study further reveals that gameonyms function not only as nominative units but also as communicative pragmatic aesthetic and identity-forming mechanisms within interactive media. The article contributes to the emerging field of gameonymics by proposing a comparative understanding of localized naming strategies in different linguistic and cultural systems.
• MARKAZIY OSIYO XALQLARI ORASIDA QASHQAR RUBOBI CHOLG‘USINING OMMALASHUVI. Nadjimovich, Rahmonqulov Abdujabbor (2026). 5(3) 114–117.

  Ushbu maqolada qashqar rubobi cholg‘usining kelib chiqishi, tarixiy rivojlanishi hamda Markaziy Osiyo xalqlari orasida ommalashuvi jarayoni tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda rubob cholg‘usining qadimiy manbalardagi o‘rni, uning tuzilishi, turlari va ijrochilik an’analari ilmiy asosda yoritilgan. Shuningdek, mutafakkir olimlarning asarlarida rubob cholg‘usiga berilgan ta’riflar va ularning musiqiy madaniyatdagi ahamiyati ochib berilgan.Maqolada tarixiy-taqqoslash va tizimli tahlil usullari asosida rubob cholg‘usining rivojlanishida ijtimoiy-madaniy omillarning roli aniqlangan. Natijalar qashqar rubobining milliy musiqiy meros sifatida bugungi kunda ham muhim o‘rin tutishini, uning orkestr va yakkanavoz ijrochilikda keng qo‘llanilayotganini ko‘rsatadi hamda milliy musiqa san’atini rivojlantirishda muhim ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyatga ega ekanligini tasdiqlaydi.
• Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Improving the Speaking Competence of Students Learning Arabic. Qodirova, Kamala S. (2026). 3(6) 95–98.

  This article examines the opportunities of artificial intelligence tools in improving the speaking competence of students learning Arabic. Speaking competence is one of the most important components of foreign language proficiency because it requires the integration of pronunciation vocabulary grammar fluency accuracy interaction and sociocultural awareness. In Arabic language education the development of speaking competence is especially challenging due to the phonetic complexity of Arabic sounds the diglossic relationship between Modern Standard Arabic and dialects and the limited opportunities for real oral practice outside the classroom. Artificial intelligence tools including speech recognition systems AI chatbots virtual tutors pronunciation assessment platforms and adaptive learning applications create new possibilities for individualized speaking practice instant feedback learner autonomy and interactive communication. The article is written in IMRAD style and is based on a descriptiveanalytical review of foreign and modern research on artificial intelligence in language education. The findings show that AI tools can support Arabic-speaking competence through pronunciation correction conversational simulation personalized feedback vocabulary development fluency training and learner motivation. At the same time the article highlights the need for teacher guidance ethical use cultural accuracy and careful adaptation of AI tools to the linguistic features of Arabic
• Pedagogical Aspects of Developing The Didactic Competence of Future History Teachers Based on The Use of Periodical Publications. Nuraliyevich, Musurmonov Sarvar (2026). 3(6) 38–42.

  The article presents a study devoted to the pedagogical aspects of developing the didactic competence of future history teachers through the use of periodical publications. The study is based on theoretical analysis comparative examination of scientific literature source-study interpretation of periodical press materials and pedagogical modelling. The findings show that newspaper and journal materials can strengthen the motivational cognitive methodological communicative and reflective components of didactic competence. The article substantiates that periodicals should be used not as additional illustrative texts but as historical sources that enable students to analyze public opinion ideological context the author’s position and the social atmosphere of a particular period.
• METHODS OF ORGANIZING MUSICAL CULTURE CLASSES IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS. Khodjaniyazov Islambay Atabayevich, Hamidullayeva Nodira Abdullayevna (2026). 5(3) 70–73.

  The organization of music culture lessons in general secondary schools is one of the important directions of modern pedagogy, contributing to the development of students’ aesthetic taste, musical literacy, creative thinking, and moral values. This article discusses effective methods of organizing music culture lessons, their didactic foundations, interactive teaching methods, modern pedagogical technologies, and approaches to forming students’ musical competencies. It also highlights the importance of cooperation between teacher and students, the integration of musical activities (listening, performing, and analyzing), the use of information and communication technologies, and assessment criteria in the educational process. The article summarizes theoreticaland practical aspects of music education and provides methodological recommendations for teachers
• POSTHUMAN ECOLOGY: ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS IN MARGARET ATWOOD’S FICTION. Wadud, Abdul (2026). 5(4) 54–58.

  Margaret Atwood’s fiction, particularly the MaddAddam Trilogy, presents a profound engagement with environmental ethics through the lens of speculative and posthumanist narratives. Her works explore the complex relationships between humans, non-human life forms, and ecological systems, challenging traditional anthropocentric frameworks. By depicting ecological degradation, corporate exploitation, and biotechnological manipulation, Atwood foregrounds the ethical responsibilities inherent in human interaction with the environment. Drawing upon posthumanist theory, ecocriticism, and bioethical frameworks, this article examines how Atwood’s narratives articulate a posthuman ecological consciousness. It argues that her fiction advocates for an ethical engagement that recognizes the interconnectedness of all life, the limitations of human control, and the necessity of humility, care, and responsibility in addressing environmental crises. Ultimately, Atwood’s work serves as both a cautionary tale and a blueprint for reimagining ecological ethics in the Anthropocene
• Data centres in Germany planning own fossil fuel plants, citing slow grid connections – report. Grostern, Joey (2025).

  Data centre operators in Germany are planning to build new fossil fuel power capacity to supply their operations, citing the slow pace of connecting to the electricity grid as a justification, reported energy and climate newsletter Tagesspiegel Background. Connecting to the grid in Germany takes 10 to 15 years, according to Cologne-based energy supplier Rheinenergie, and up to seven years according to estimates from the International Energy Agency (IEA).
• Rechenzentren setzen zunehmend auf eigene Kraftwerke. Rapoport, Alina; Voß, Oliver (2025).

  Die Stromnetze kommen an ihre Grenzen, der Netzanschluss für Rechenzentren dauert Jahre – Projekte werden dadurch immer wieder verzögert. Betreiber entscheiden sich daher zunehmend für eine eigene Energieversorgung, etwa mit Erdgas.
• Trend-Based Networking Driven by Big Data Telemetry for Sdn and Traditional Networks. Jain, Ankur (2020).
• New labour rights indicators: Method and trends for 2000–15. Kucera, David; Sari, Dora (2019). 158(3) 419–446.

  The authors would like to express their thanks to the Center for Global Workers’ Rights at Penn State University, the Global Labour University and the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung for their financial support; to the experts participating in the Delphi survey for their time and dedication; to the colleagues who contributed to the coding: Vida Amirmokri, Loredana Carta, Katiuscia Galhera, Bahareh Mahdavi, Valérie Prévost Tanguay, Zhihang Ruan, Makbule Sahan, Ángela Sanchez and Paul Vincent Whitehead; to Magnus Berge, Tandiwe Gross and Frank Hoffer for their overall support throughout the project; to Bjørn Sandvik and Thematic Mapping for their exceptional work on the Labour Rights Indicators webpage; and to Karen Curtis for her contribution to the construction of the evaluation criteria and for giving precision to their definitions. Lastly, the authors would like to give special thanks to Mark Anner, Director of the Center for Global Workers’ Rights, who played an instrumental role in the realization of the project, both in terms of providing an institutional home for the indicators and by lending invaluable support and expertise at every stage of the work.
• Innovative Multi-Level Secure Steganographic Scheme based on Pixel Value Difference. Mohamed, Marghny H. (2007). 12 316–327.

  We propose an approach to predicting implicit gene-disease associations based on the inference network, whereby genes and diseases are represented as nodes and are connected via two types of intermediate nodes: gene functions and phenotypes. To estimate the probabilities involved in the model, two learning schemes are compared; one baseline using co-annotations of keywords and the other taking advantage of free text. Additionally, we explore the use of domain ontologies to complement data sparseness and examine the impact of full text documents. The validity of the proposed framework is demonstrated on the benchmark data set created from real-world data.