For labeling data, until today, Crowd Labeling is the mechanism of choice. In the practice of Crowd Labeling, a bunch of various instruments is used, which allow for controlling the crowd, respectively its work results. However, these instruments have in common that they can be executed only before or after a labelling campaign. This causes large delays and therefore not only needs a lot of additional time but also raises extra costs and -effort. In our design science research, we developed and evaluated a Deep Learning-based, algorithmic approach consisting of four different probabilistic-mathematical models. Our new approach enables an assessment of the crowd’s labeling work during an ongoing crowdwork campaign. Besides this benefit, our approach produces excellent rates of accuracy, when it comes to detecting erroneous annotation rates of the crowd.

An increasing number of companies are relying on crowdwork platforms to address shortages of skilled labor for tasks outside their core competencies, such as website programming, by accessing a global pool of crowdworkers. This type of outsourcing involves information asymmetry, as companies cannot verify the qualifications of crowdworkers on the crowdwork platform. The mismatch between claimed expertise and task requirements leads to delays and additional supervision. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution by enabling tamper-resistant and traceable storage of verifiable credentials. Using signaling theory, we identify signals that help infer crowdworkers’ intentions and qualifications. Through a literature review and interviews with platform providers, crowdsourcers, researchers, and blockchain experts, we explore how blockchain technology encodes and communicates these signals. Our findings showcase how crowdwork platforms can leverage blockchain to reduce information asymmetries and improve the assessment of crowdworker suitability, thereby mitigating fraud risks and enhancing collaboration quality.

We analyzed how eight organizations seek to govern Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). We identified five key governance roles (i.e., technology owner, business owner, knowledge owner, risk and compliance, and end user). Moreover, we showcase that each role controls different resources that become critical at different lifecycle stages. Specifically, we demonstrate that the focal power dependence relation moves away from “the business depends on engineers to build AI” toward “engineers depend on knowledge owners, risk and compliance, and end users to steer AI.” We further showcase three organizational coordination mechanisms (i.e., AI Business Unit, AI Squads, and AI Spine) and their respective effectiveness in managing evolving power-dependence relationships in an AI governance context.

In today’s fast-paced business environment, IT Operating Models (ITOMs), invisible frameworks that define how the IT function works, are emerging as a critical, overlooked factor in determining an organization’s ability to innovate and compete. Organizations struggle to unlock strategic value due to misalignments in their ITOMs. The business-IT alignment literature demonstrates that strategic fit enhances performance but offers limited guidance on how alignment is operationalized in practice. Against this backdrop, this study presents a multi-layer ITOM taxonomy including 16 dimensions and 60 characteristics. Developed through interviews with C-level executives, our taxonomy reveals how organizations structure their IT and translates strategic alignment into operational reality. Our analysis identifies two archetypes: tech-forward organizations, where IT serves as a strategic driver for innovation, and less tech-forward, where IT remains a support function. The research advances theoretical understanding of ITOM design and offers practical guidance for CIOs aiming to harness the potential of IT.

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as a technology basis for conversational health behaviour interventions, understanding how users evaluate and respond to these systems becomes critical for their acceptance. When LLM-based coaches are anthropomorphically designed – e.g. through human names, avatars, and messaging interfaces – they may trigger interpersonal trust expectations traditionally reserved for human relationships. This study investigates whether and to what extent the interpersonal trust antecedents of ability, benevolence, and integrity influence trust-related user responses in LLM-based health coaching for fitness and nutrition. Using a vignette-based survey design and combining partial least-squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with necessary condition analysis (NCA), we identify which antecedents are essential for perceived usefulness and intention to adopt. Results show that integrity is a necessary condition for both outcomes, with a medium to large effect, and that ability significantly influences perceived usefulness but is not necessary. Benevolence, however, was found to be neither a necessary nor a significant predictor in this context. These findings offer theoretical insights into the selective transfer of interpersonal trustworthiness beliefs to AI and provide practical guidance for the design of trustworthy anthropomorphic coaching systems.

Technologieunternehmen behaupten, dass KI helfen wird, die Probleme des Klimawandels zu lösen. Unsere Analyse zeigt jedoch, dass solche Behauptungen nicht auf glaubwürdigen und belegbaren Daten beruhen. Ganz im Gegenteil sind die Beweise für nennenswerte positive Klimaauswirkungen durch KI schwach, während die erheblichen Klimaschäden klar belegt sind.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) remains the standard tool for obesity screening; however, it does not account for body fat distribution or visceral adiposity, potentially leading to clinically relevant misclassification-particularly in young adults. Evidence on this issue in healthcare professionals is limited. Objective: To evaluate the extent of obesity misclassification when using BMI compared with alternative anthropometric and body composition indices, and to examine sex-specific associations between lifestyle factors and different adiposity phenotypes in young healthcare professionals. Methods: A large cross-sectional study was conducted in 12,874 medical residents, nursing residents, and age-matched controls (22-30 years). Obesity was defined using BMI (≥30 kg/m2), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR ≥ 0.5), Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), body fat percentage, and bioimpedance-derived visceral fat. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, professional group, smoking, physical activity, and Mediterranean diet adherence were fitted separately for each adiposity definition. Sex interaction terms were formally tested. Agreement between indices was assessed using Cohen's kappa. Results: Obesity prevalence varied substantially according to the index applied and was consistently higher when central or visceral adiposity measures were used. Agreement between BMI and alternative indices was only fair to moderate, with the lowest concordance observed for visceral fat (κ = 0.29; 95\% CI 0.26-0.32). Male sex was strongly associated with visceral fat-defined obesity (aOR 4.76; 95\% CI 3.82-5.92), while effect sizes were attenuated for BMI-defined obesity (aOR 1.41; 95\% CI 1.32-1.51). Significant sex interactions were detected for visceral adiposity, particularly for physical activity (p = 0.001) and smoking (p = 0.002), indicating differential lifestyle associations according to fat distribution phenotype. Conclusions: BMI substantially underestimates clinically relevant central and visceral adiposity in young healthcare professionals. Sex-specific differences were observed in the association between lifestyle behaviors and visceral fat. These findings highlight the limitations of relying exclusively on BMI for obesity screening. Incorporating waist-based or body composition-derived measures may improve early risk identification and support targeted preventive strategies.

In Ihrer Bibliothek stehen Sparzwänge, Umstrukturierungen und Zeitmangel auf der Tagesordnung? Es gibt ein Leitbild oder eine Strategie, die Ihnen eigentlich Handlungsraum für Umweltbildung, Klimaschutz, Klimaanpassung und kulturelle Nachhaltigkeit ermöglichen soll, aber aus verschiedenen Gründen stockt es, um mit den Themen voran zu kommen? Die textquotedblLow hanging fruitstextquotedbl sind zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit geerntet und es fehlt an weiteren Ideen? Janet Wagner bietet Ihnen einen Ideen- und Motivationsbooster an: Treten Sie nicht auf die Bremse, sondern denken Sie zu allererst in die Zukunft! Wir müssen wieder erlernen, postive Geschichten zu erzählen, mit unseren Auszubildenden, Referendar*innen und Kolleg*innen. Klimakommunikation ist ein Schlüssel dafür: Über Lösungen sprechen, positiv motivierend sein, Humor und Optimismus verbreiten. Dazu braucht es kein ausgefeiltes Projekt oder feste finanzielle Mittel. Es braucht die Zutaten des Zuhörens, der Sichtbarmachung gemeinsamer Werte und die innere Einstellung, textquotedblLust auf morgentextquotedbl zu verbreiten. In einem anregenden und anschaulichen Input geht es darum, Sie mit viel Energie und Motivation zu versorgen: Für sich und ihre Arbeitsgruppe Nachhaltigkeit, für anstehende Projekte und vor allem mit einem positiven Zukunftsbild für Ihre Bibliothek! Nah an Ihrer Arbeitspraxis, anschaulich und mit wenig Aufwand. Lassen Sie sich boostern und kehren inspiriert und motiviert zurück in den Bibliotheksalltag, in dem Nachhaltigkeit eine wichtige Rolle spielt.

Vom Bestand übers Planspiel zur Kooperation -- wie die Angebote öffentlicher Bibliotheken (auch spielerisch) ihren Handprint vermitteln können.

Die IFLA Guidelines for Green Libraries (Veröffentlichung Ende 2025) stehen für eine globale Bewegung, die Bibliotheken als aktive Gestalter einer nachhaltigen Zukunft begreift. Entwickelt durch Expertinnen und Experten aus allen Weltregionen, bieten sie ein praxisnahes Instrument, mit dem Bibliotheken ökologische, soziale und ökonomische Nachhaltigkeit planen, umsetzen und evaluieren können. Doch ihr eigentlicher Wert liegt in der Erkenntnis: Bibliotheken selbst sind treibende Kräfte für die Erreichung der Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- durch Bildung, Vernetzung und Beteiligung. Als Orte des Dialogs schaffen Bibliotheken Plattformen für Bürgerbeteiligung, freiwilliges Engagement und Citizen Science. Sie fördern gemeinsames Lernen und Handeln, indem sie Communities befähigen, Wissen zu teilen, lokale Probleme zu erforschen und nachhaltige Lösungen mitzugestalten. Damit werden Bibliotheken zu demokratischen Räumen, in denen globale Ziele auf lokaler Ebene erfahrbar und umsetzbar werden -- ein entscheidender Beitrag zu SDG 4 (hochwertige Bildung), SDG 11 (nachhaltige Städte und Gemeinden) und SDG 13 (Klimaschutz). Der Vortrag präsentiert die IFLA Guidelines for Green Libraries als strategisches Werkzeug für diesen Wandel und zeigt anhand internationaler Best-Practice-Beispiele und Pilotprojekte, wie Bibliotheken weltweit innovative, partizipative Ansätze für mehr Nachhaltigkeit entwickeln. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, wie globale Kooperation und lokales Engagement ineinandergreifen können, um Bibliotheken zu Katalysatoren gesellschaftlicher Transformation zu machen. Die deutsche Übersetzung der Guidelines, die bis zur BiblioCon 2026 vorliegen wird, schafft die Grundlage für eine breitere Anwendung im deutschsprachigen Raum und stärkt den internationalen Wissensaustausch. So werden Bibliotheken zu echten Labors für Dialog, Nachhaltigkeit und Demokratie -- lokal verankert, global vernetzt und offen für alle, die Zukunft mitgestalten wollen.

The International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Computer Networks & Communications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Computer Networks & data Communications. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Introduction Potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) in older adults, such as long-term use of benzodiazepines, proton pump inhibitors without indication or antipsychotics in dementia, are associated with adverse events and increased healthcare utilisation. Despite clinical guidelines discouraging their use, PIPs remain frequent in primary care. An audit and feedback (A\&F) intervention of PIPs to general practitioners (GPs), led by pharmacists, may reduce the prescription of PIPs in primary care. Methods and analysis A two-arm, pragmatic, controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an A&F-based intervention and a pharmacist-led intervention to reduce the proportion of patients aged ≥65 years receiving inappropriate prescriptions. A total of 170 participating GPs, 85 per group, are required. GPs will be randomised into intervention or control groups (1:1). The intervention includes feedback reports, pharmacist-led academic detailing and access to online training modules. The primary outcome is the proportion of older adults receiving at least one PIP at 12 months as well as the total number of PIPs. A random effects Tobit regression model, censored at 0 and 100, will be used to estimate between-group differences adjusted for baseline prescribing. Subgroup analyses will explore heterogeneity of effect by baseline prescribing level and healthcare region. Implementation outcomes, including reach, fidelity, engagement and maintenance, will be evaluated using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework, combining quantitative and qualitative data. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained by the Balearic Island Committee Ethics (IB5219/23PI). Study findings, including primary and secondary outcomes and qualitative implementation results, will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and stakeholder reports. Trial registration number ISRCTN14449434.

BACKGROUND: Obesity remains a major global health challenge with profound clinical, psychosocial, and economic consequences. Although body mass index (BMI) is widely used, alternative adiposity indices such as waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), and the Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) may offer superior insights into central adiposity and cardiometabolic risk. Furthermore, the relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains insufficiently explored in occupational settings, where lifestyle, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors converge. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 100,014 Spanish workers (18-69 years) who underwent standardized occupational health assessments between 2021 and 2023. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected to calculate BMI, WtHR, CUN-BAE, and METS-VF. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits (smoking, physical activity, and Mediterranean diet adherence), and HRQoL (12-Item Short Form Health Survey, SF-12) were also recorded. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between obesity indices and sociodemographic, behavioral, and HRQoL variables, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Obesity prevalence varied markedly depending on the index employed, ranging from 17.2% with BMI to over 30% with CUN-BAE and METS-VF. Across all measures, older age, male sex, lower social class, smoking, physical inactivity, and poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet were significantly associated with higher odds of obesity. Importantly, workers with lower SF-12 physical and mental component scores consistently showed greater obesity risk, even after adjustment. These findings confirm the bidirectional interplay between excess adiposity and diminished quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: In this large occupational cohort, obesity was strongly associated with adverse sociodemographic profiles, unhealthy lifestyles, and impaired HRQoL. Our results highlight the limitations of BMI alone and underscore the value of alternative adiposity indices in public health surveillance. Integrating HRQoL assessment into obesity prevention and workplace health programs may enhance early detection, risk stratification, and the design of holistic interventions targeting both physical and psychosocial well-being.

Ein Jahr nach dem Vortrag textquotedblDie KI(rche) im Dorf lassen -- Plädoyer für eine klima- und sozialverträgliche Nutzung von Künstlicher Intelligenztextquotedbl geben wir ein Update zu den gesellschaftspolitischen Auswirkungen von kommerziellen KI-Großlösungen: Steigt der Ressourcenverbrauch dieser Dienste unverändert weiter oder haben sich mittlerweile Lösungsansätze ergeben, durch textquotedblTechnologieoffenheittextquotedbl oder systematische Regulierung oder gar ein erhöhtes ökologisches Bewusstsein? Welche neuen Richtlinien zur Nutzung von KI-Anwendungen gibt es beispielsweise in der EU? Wie sieht es im Open-Source-Bereich aus: Gibt es nun tragfähige Modelle, die aus nicht-kommerziellen Kontexten heraus entstanden und ausreichend ausgereift sind für Produktivanwendungen im öffentlichen Bereich? Welche Initiativen und Zusammenschlüsse gibt es, um auf der rechtlich-politischen Ebene und/oder in Bezug auf die nötigen Infrastrukturen und Lizenzbedingungen bessere Voraussetzungen zu schaffen, damit Informationsinfrastruktureinrichtungen das Spielfeld der neusten KI-Methoden konstruktiv mitgestalten und für mehr Openness, Transparenz und Diversität sorgen können, was verfügbare Modelle und Trainingsdatensets anbetrifft?

This volume examines how openness is designed, governed, contested and lived in contemporary digital knowledge infrastructures. From open source software and internet standards, to citizen science platforms, public sector data systems and alternative computing practices, the book shows that infrastructures are never neutral technical backbones.

We investigate 26–110nm-thick tensile strained HgTe films, which possess surface-state transport characteristic of three-dimensional topological insulators. The high transport mobility and low intrinsic doping of the material permits investigating the Landau level spectrum around the charge neutrality point to low magnetic fields and with small electric fields from the top gate electrode. The experimental findings are in quantitative agreement with eight-orbital k.p band structure theory. We quantify the parameter regimes where transport can be attributed solely to topological surface states and those where bulk states from quantum confinement have to be taken into account, as a function of layer thickness and carrier density.

Digital twins are an emerging technology in the energy sector, enabling city-scale modeling of individual buildings using smart meter and geospatial data. In this work, we employ a digital twin of a local multi-energy system to evaluate the economic value of home energy management systems compared to Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), focusing on heat pumps and EV charging units as the major flexible loads in future residential buildings. Beyond this comparison, the paper further investigates the sensitivity of these results to the Model Predictive Control (MPC) optimization horizon and the available flexibility of heat pumps. Methodologically, we introduce a data-driven representation of heat pump flexibility, extend the scope to include all major building-level consumers and prosumer components, and formulate the control strategy as a linear program with separate power balances to avoid grid-charging of the BESS. The results show that, for the majority of buildings, optimized home energy management system operation without BESS achieves greater cost savings of 9.0% on average than a BESS operated under rule-based control. Moreover, BESS grid-charging yields little extra benefit of 0.5%-pt. on average but strongly increases BESS utilization by additional 31% equivalent full cycles. Overall, the results demonstrate the value of decision-support digital twins for building-specific evaluation of flexibility measures and their economic benefits.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for ~71% of all deaths globally, including 15 million premature deaths each year (deaths between 30–69 years of age). Instead of waiting until disease manifestation, focusing on the origins of NCDs during childhood offers a critical window of disease prevention and control. The CHILDREN_FIRST international cohort observatory study aims to investigate how the spatio-temporal evolution of the children’s exposome profiles in the Mediterranean region influences early-life programming of chronic disease risk during the critical window of susceptibility in primary school years (6–11 years of age). The study protocol adopts the human exposome framework integrated with a personalized prevention approach, using multi-omics platforms and advanced machine learning algorithms implemented across Mediterranean countries, namely Cyprus, Greece, and Albania. The cohort will consist of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school, who will undergo annual follow-up assessments until completion of primary education. During the annual assessments, children’s exposome parameters from the three main exposome domains will be evaluated using different assessment types, i.e., molecular biomarkers of exposure/effect, sensors, and questionnaires. Standardized biospecimen and data collection methods will be employed following harmonized standardized operating procedures. The reference model of Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership – Common Data Model (OMOP-CDM) developed and maintained as part of the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) initiative will be used to conduct federated data analysis. This CHILDREN_FIRST study protocol is a human exposome-based initiative to establish a long-term prospective cohort infrastructure for biomedical research on children’s health in the Mediterranean region. The cohort’s exposome-based findings will systematically feed into the evaluation and design of chronic disease prevention programs. Expected results would inform evidence-based policy making and the development of health interventions for reducing the risk of NCDs in childhood and later in adult life.

Viele von uns sehen sich im Arbeitsalltag zunehmend, ob gewollt oder nicht, mit etwas konfrontiert, das sich textquotedblKItextquotedbl nennt, aber meist sog. textquotedblgenerative KItextquotedbl oder große Sprachmodelle (Large Language Models, LLMs) meint. Bibliotheksbeschäftigten fällt dabei oft die Aufgabe zu, nicht nur sich, sondern auch ihre Nutzer*innen zu einem informierten und reflektierten Umgang mit solcher KI zu befähigen, sei es durch Einführungsformate, Schulungen oder Beratungen bei der Anwendung von KI-Tools. Doch woran bei der Gestaltung solcher Angebote halten, wenn es um die oft erwähnten, aber selten erläuterten textquotedblethischen Aspektetextquotedbl geht? Während die Diskussion zu ethischen Leitplanken für den verantwortungsvollen Einsatz von KI in der deutschsprachigen Bibliothekscommunity noch eher verhalten ist, sind auf internationaler Ebene dazu in letzter Zeit verschiedene Leitfäden von Bibliotheksorganisationen vorgelegt worden, die den aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bereich der KI-Technologien Rechnung tragen sollen. Doch wurden dabei überhaupt die sozial-ökologischen Auswirkungen insbesondere von generativer KI und LLMs mitgedacht? In diesem Vortrag soll entsprechend untersucht werden, ob sich aktuelle bibliothekarische Papiere zum Thema textquotedblethische Nutzung von KItextquotedbl und textquotedblKI-Kompetenztextquotedbl mit dem Anspruch an einen sozial gerechten und ökologisch nachhaltigen Einsatz von KI in Einklang bringen lassen. Dabei soll aber nicht ausgeschlossen bleiben, über den Tellerrad hin zu Orientierungshilfen außerhalb unserer Profession zu blicken, abzugleichen und ein paar konkrete Beispiele für den Bibliotheksalltag einzustreuen.

Das Poster soll eine Übersicht bieten, in welchen Bereichen Bibliotheksmitarbeiter:innen aktiv werden können, um die eigene Bibliothek ökologisch nachhaltiger zu machen. Es wird eine Blume mit Blüten in Form des SDG-Farbrads (\textquotedblSustainable Development Goals\textquotedbl - 17 Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung der UN) zu sehen sein, wobei jede Blüte für ein Nachhaltigkeitsthema steht. Die Blume ist zweigeteilt: in der einen Hälfte wachsen die praktischen Angebote für die Nutzer:innen (wie z.B. Bibliothek der Dinge, Kleidertauschbörse, offener Bücherschrank, Repaircafé, Altpapier-Notizblöcke etc.) und die Formate zur Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung; in der anderen Hälfte geht es darum, den laufenden Betrieb der Bibliothek intern ökologisch nachhaltiger zu machen. Maßnahmen wie Abfallminimierung, Senkung des Energieverbrauchs oder nachhaltige Beschaffung werden hier zu sehen sein. Die Darstellung zeigt auch, welche Grundlagen (institutionelle Verankerung, Vernetzung, Zugang zu Forschungsergebnissen) und laufenden Mittel (Zeit, Geld und vor allem engagierte Mitarbeiter:innen) es braucht, damit ökologische Nachhaltigkeit in Bibliotheken gut wachsen kann. Die SDGs sind als einzelne Quadrate ebenfalls Teil der textquotedblErdetextquotedbl, in der die Pflanze verwurzelt ist. Die zahlreichen, sich ausbreitenden Blüten sollen vor allem die große, bunte Vielfalt an Ideen, Maßnahmen und Aspekten zeigen, in denen ökologische Nachhaltigkeit in der Bibliothekscommunity gelebt werden kann. Für Kolleg:innen, die sich (noch) nicht mit Klimaschutz und nachhaltiger Entwicklung beschäftigt haben, soll die Nachhaltigkeitsblume dazu einladen und inspirieren, selbst aktiv zu werden und sich die eine oder andere gedankliche Blüte mitzunehmen. Da es sich selbstverständlich nicht um eine vollständige, erschöpfende Visualisierung handeln kann und soll, wird es auch eine freie, unbenannte Blüte geben, in deren Blütenblätter jede:r eigene Ideen und Beispiele aus der Praxis einschreiben kann.

The European Commission’s Digital Omnibus package represents the first attempt to adjust the implementation of the European Union’s digital acquis, at the key points where the governance of artificial intelligence (AI) and data protection intersect. The package is presented as a technical simplification with the stated purpose of reducing administrative burdens and easing compliance, particularly for smaller enterprises (European Commission 2025). This Technical Brief examines selected amendments and identifies how, without making formal alterations, these may affect the conditions under which workers can exercise their rights, including access to information and the ability to contest decisions, as well as the possibility for supervisory authorities to identify and investigate relevant systems. In this sense, the amendments address the infrastructure through which rights become visible, contestable and enforceable.

Inter-crystal scattering (ICS) in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is commonly regarded as a degradation effect that might compromise the image spatial resolution. In parallel, the inclusion of ICS events has also been recognized as a potential approach to increase PET sensitivity, which could be especially beneficial in scenarios where the latter is a limiting factor, such as very small animal imaging. Several methods for the recovery of ICS events have been proposed, many of which aim to locate the first interaction, i.e., the Compton scattering site, usually limited by their success rate, computational burden or data and training dependency. Conversely, this work proposes a physics-based model for ICS events, leading to analytical expressions of the sensitivity image and the system matrix (required by statistical reconstruction algorithms), without the need to identify the original line of response. After validating the model, the work shows how ICS events can be integrated into a joint image reconstruction algorithm (based on list-mode MLEM) together with conventional PET events, for which dedicated analytical models are also developed. To assess the performance of the proposed approach, Monte-Carlo simulated and experimental data of an image quality phantom were obtained with the MERMAID small-fish PET scanner prototype. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that, while slightly decreasing the recovery coefficient values, the inclusion of ICS clearly reduces statistical noise and improves uniformity.

US-Behörden erfinden eine neue Terror-Kategorie für Tech-Kritiker. Deutschland baut parallel die digitalen Werkzeuge für ähnliche Überwachung. Ein Kommentar.

It wasn't her usual workplace attire, but Katherine Bunker was really looking forward to donning a pair of glittery green fairy wings. Bunker, children's librarian at Centennial Park Library (CPL) in Greeley, Colorado, had that opportunity as she prepared for one of her most popular summer programs last year. She also set out twigs, moss, leaves, pine cones, acorns, rocks, grass, berries, and other items gathered from her own home and around the library grounds. Her workshop, part of the ``Color Your World''--themed summer reading program, invited children to create fairy houses: tiny, whimsical structures made mostly out of natural materials. The event reached the program's capacity of 20, with a waitlist.

This report, Environmental Cost of Artificial Intelligence: Carbon, Water and Land Footprints, by the United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH) on its 30th anniversary, examines one of the most underexplored consequences of AI’s rapid expansion: the environmental footprints of the energy required to power it. As artificial intelligence becomes embedded in economies, public services, research, communication, and everyday life, it depends on a growing physical infrastructure of data centers, advanced chips, cooling systems, electricity grids, water resources, land, and critical mineral supply chains. The report shows that AI is not only a digital technology, but also a material system with measurable environmental costs.

Although distributed systems can exist across multiple data centers, they require fog and cloud computing paradigms for data management in an Internet of Things (IoT) era. The integrated IoT, fog, and cloud (IoT-fog-cloud) method enables the processing of large amounts of IoT data in real-time. Alternatively, a lack of Load Balancing (LB) and improper handling of network resources can reduce the Quality of Service (QoS) under such circumstances. In real-time applications, increasing traffic to fog nodes causes delays and increases energy consumption. This problem was resolved by an effective LB algorithm. However, good resource utilization can be achieved whenever an effective LB is incorporated with Task Scheduling (TS). Hence, this article proposes a Multi-Objective Weight Optimized Task Scheduling and Load Balancing (MOWOTSLB) for IoT-fog-cloud systems. This research aims to effectively schedule workloads in a balanced manner, which conserves energy, enhances QoS, and reduces task execution time.

Das Netzwerk Grüne Bibliothek lädt ein zur grünen Stunde im #Freiraum25. Lernen Sie das Lastenrad der Stadtbibliothek Bremen kennen und holen Sie sich Inspiration zu Nachhaltigkeit und Gemeinwohlbilanz in Bibliotheken.

Im Jahr 2020 startete die UNESCO ihr Programm glqqBildung für nachhaltige Entwicklunggrqq und betonte die zentrale Rolle von Bildung für die 2015 von den Vereinten Nationen verabschiedeten Globalen Ziele einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung (Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs). Die Universität Göttingen hat zudem im Juni 2021 ein Klimaschutzstatement verabschiedet, um Klimaneutralität bis 2030 zu erreichen. Daher setzt sich die Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen (SUB Göttingen) zum Ziel, verschiedene SDGs im Rahmen des eigenen Verantwortungsbereichs umzusetzen. Im September 2023 hat sie eine eigene Nachhaltigkeitsleitlinie verabschiedet und einen Maßnahmenkatalog definiert, der Themen wie beispielsweise den bewussten Umgang mit Ressourcen, Müllvermeidung oder nachhaltige Kaufentscheidungen adressiert. Für die Identifizierung von entsprechenden Möglichkeiten in der SUB Göttingen ist dieglqqSUB AG Nachhaltigkeit'' (SUB AG NH) zuständig. Der Vortrag gibt Einblicke in die Arbeit der AG und die zahlreichen im Jahr 2024 realisierten Projekte, die dazu beitragen, dass die SUB Göttingen nachhaltiger wird.

Der Auftrag der dauerhaften Arbeitsgruppe GreenFUBib leitet sich aus der Strategie der Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin ab. Die Verpflichtung gegenüber nachfolgenden Generationen zu nachhaltigem Handeln geht einher mit den Entscheidungen, die immer unter dem Aspekt der ökologischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Nachhaltigkeit getroffen werden sollen. Für diesen Auftrag braucht es gute und zielorientierte Vernetzungsarbeit mit anderen Fachbereichen an einer der größten Universitäten Deutschlands. Eine Herausforderung! Es braucht mehrere Zutaten: Engagement, Sichtbarkeit, eine Kultur im Sinne von Wissenstransfer, Leitbilder, Weiterbildungen sowie Strukturen, die nachhaltiges Handeln ermöglichen. Die unterschiedlichen Leitbilder, Strategien und Programme an der Freien Universität sind vielfältig. Ob Gesundheitsmanagement, die Klimanotstandserklärung, das Diversity Konzept oder Klimaschutzvereinbarungen mit dem Land Berlin: Es gilt hier, genau zu schauen, wo sich direkte Aktionsfelder für die Universitätsbibliothek auftun. Nach vier Jahren Bestehen der Arbeitsgruppe zeichnet sich ein Netzwerk mit einem ausgeprägten Community Gedanken, guten Verbindungen zu anderen Hochschulen in Berlin und viel Erfahrungswerten ab. Die Gruppe agierte zum Teil mit Projekten, die durch das Ideen- und Innovationsmanagement der Stabsstelle Nachhaltigkeit und Energie ausgeschrieben wurden. Diese Projekte hatten bisher einen starken Bezug zu ökologischer und sozialer Nachhaltigkeit. Im Inputvortrag werden diese konkret vorgestellt. Es bleibt vor allem die Herausforderung, die Arbeitsgruppe in Zukunft personell und zeitlich so auszustatten, dass sich Umwelt- und Klimaschutz, Digitalisierung und weitere Themen durch die Universitätsbibliothek ziehen. Dazu gehören: Aufbau von Motivatoren und Teilhabemöglichkeiten, Anreize zur Umsetzung von Ideen, sowie der Wunsch nach einer Wirkungserfassung in den Bereichen: Ausbildung, Beschaffung und ressourcenschonendes Arbeiten.

Background: Oral carcinoma is one of the most frequently occurring cancers among Indian men. We conducted this study to find out any association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression by immunohistochemical methods with histopathological prognostic parameters like pathological tumor (pT) staging, tumor grade, lymph nodal involvement, extranodal extension (ENE), perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and worst pattern of invasion (WPOI). Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Pathology Department of our institute between December 2021 and November 2022, and a total of 113 confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were included in our study. Clinicopathological parameters were recorded, and EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry was evaluated in these patients. The association of EGFR overexpression and the different histopathological parameters according to the College of American Pathologists (CAP) protocol was determined. Results: Out of 113 cases, 52 cases (46%) were positive for EGFR overexpression on immunohistochemistry. Significant association of EGFR overexpression was noted with pT stage, nodal status N0 versus N1–N2, ENE, PNI, LVI, and WPOI, with P value <0.05. No significant association was noted with tumor grade and nodal status N0–N1 versus N2–N3. Conclusion: EGFR overexpression can be used as a prognostic marker in addition to histopathological parameters. One can opt for wedge resection in place of extensive surgery if small punch biopsies show EGFR negativity and radiology shows uninvolved lymph nodes. In addition, in EGFR-positive OSCC cases, targeted therapy could be opted to avoid chemotherapy-related toxicity and increase patient survival.

While the wave packet of a massive particle grows linearly under free dynamics, it grows exponentially in an inverted harmonic potential, offering a pathway to rapidly increase quantum fluctuations to macroscopic dimensions. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate this principle by expanding the center-of-mass thermal state of a 125nm silica nanoparticle to a position uncertainty of 43.4nm within 260 \\($\textbackslashmu\$\)s. This expansion, achieved using an inverted dark potential to minimize decoherence from photon recoil, represents a 952-fold increase, reaching a scale comparable to the nanoparticle's physical size. This work represents a key advancement toward preparing macroscopic quantum superpositions at unprecedented mass and length scales.

Auf der BiblioCon 2023 kam es zur Gründung des Netzwerks: glqqNachhaltigkeit Wissenschaftliche Bibliothekengrqq, initiiert vom Vorstandsmitglied Michael Czolkoß-Hettwer vom Netzwerk Grüne Bibliothek. Es zeigte sich im Verlauf des Jahres 2023 deutlich, dass viele wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken Vernetzung und Austausch schätzen, um den eigenen Weg zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit bei internen und externen Prozessen zu verstetigen und darin bestärkt zu werden. Virtuelle Treffen fanden statt, ersetzen jedoch nicht den Fachaustausch in Person. 2023 veröffentlichte Emilie Rehberger im Rahmen ihrer B.A. Arbeit einen wertvollen und praxisnahen Kriterienkatalog: glqqNachhaltigkeit in sechs Handlungsfeldern. Ein Kriterienkatalog als praktischer Leitfaden bei der Erarbeitung von Nachhaltigkeitskonzepten für wissenschaftliche Bibliothekgrqq. Emilie Rehberger stellt zu Beginn kurz den Entstehungsprozess und ein mögliches Vorgehen bei der praktischen Anwendung des Rahmenkonzepts vor. Dieser Kriterienkatalog gibt eine praxisnahe Maßnahmensammlung, die im Hands-on-Lab in Gruppen auf Umsetzbarkeit für die eigene, wissenschaftliche Bibliothek geprüft und diskutiert werden soll. Nach einer Vorstellungsrunde und den Kriterien des Katalogs sollen die Teilnehmenden gezielt zu den einzelnen Handlungsfeldern: glqqManagement und strategische Führung/Governancegrqq (5 Indikatoren) sowie glqqInformationsservices und Awarnessgrqq (3 Indikatoren) eigene Aktionen und Handlungen benennen, diese diskutieren, reflektieren und als glqqTo Dogrqq mit in die eigene Bibliothek tragen. Dies soll in Kleingruppen und aufgeteilten Personenkreisen geschehen. Das Hands-on-Lab wird als Kick-Off-Veranstaltung genutzt, um die wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken mit einem wirksamen Tool auszustatten, den Weg zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit weiter zu beschreiten. Damit erfährt der Kriterienkatalog Anwendung in der Praxis und bleibt nicht nur ein theoretisches Modell. Eine Ergebnissicherung wird an alle Teilnehmenden verteilt.

Wie gelingt die Transformation zur Green Library, einer Bibliothek, die mit all ihren Prozessen und Abläufen den Kriterien der Agenda 2030 verpflichtet ist? Die Universitätsbibliothek der TU Berlin hat sich in ihrer strategischen Ausrichtung 2023 verpflichtet, den Fokus auf ökologische, ökonomische und soziale Nachhaltigkeit als alle Arbeitsprozesse betreffendes Querschnittsthema fest in ihre Entscheidungs- und Arbeitsabläufe zu integrieren: Leitsatz glqqWir agieren fair und nachhaltiggrqq. Dieser Prozess soll dezidiert partizipativ entwickelt und über unterschiedliche Aktivitäten umgesetzt werden und bindet sich ein in die strategische Ausrichtung der Universität, Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte konsequent in allen Tätigkeitsbereichen zu berücksichtigen. In dem Vortrag werden die konkreten Umsetzungsschritte und Planungen des Partizipationsprozesses vorgestellt. Schwerpunkte sind hierbei die Entwicklung von Formaten der Einbindung der gesamten Belegschaft, die Schaffung eines mit ausreichend Personalkapazität ausgestatteten Nachhaltigkeitsgremiums, eine starke Vernetzung innerhalb und außerhalb der Universität und die Schaffung von Entscheidungsverfahren für die Veränderung von Prozessabläufen und Erwerbungsverfahren hin zu einem klimaneutralen Campus.

The significant part of the operational context for autonomous company management systems is the regulatory and legal environment in which corporations operate. In order to create a dedicated operational context for autonomous artificial intelligence systems, the wording of local regulatory documents can be simultaneously presented in two versions: for use by people and for use by autonomous systems. In this case, the artificial intelligence system will get a well-defined operational context that allows such a system to perform functions within the required standards. Local regulations that provide basis for the joint work of individuals and autonomous artificial intelligence systems can form the grou

Rhetorische Stilmittel, werden seit jeher in Texten verwendet, um Bilder zu erzeugen, Leser zu fesseln und wichtige Punkte hervorzuheben. Unter diesen Stilmitteln ist die Vossianische Antonomasie besonders für den Einsatz von Eigennamen als rhetorische Elemente beliebt. Genauer definiert beinhaltet die Vossianische Antonomasie, dass einem Eigennamen eine bestimmte Menge von Eigenschaften oder Attributen zugeordnet wird, indem ein anderer Eigenname, der für die entsprechenden Eigenschaften allgemein bekannt ist, genannt wird. Modifizierende Phrasen, die typischerweise in Kombination mit dem letztgenannten Eigennamen auftreten, helfen, diese Attribute zu kontextualisieren. Trotz ihrer Allgegenwärtigkeit in modernen Medien ist die Forschung zu ihrer Identifizierung, Verwendung und Interpretation selten. Dies motiviert das Thema dieser Arbeit: die automatische Erkennung, Extraktion und Analyse der Vossianischen Antonomasie. Wir präsentieren mehrere Methoden zur automatisierten Erkennung des Phänomens und entwickeln einen annotierten Datensatz. Die Methoden basieren zumeist auf neuronalen Netzen. Zusätzlich stellen wir verschiedene Ansätze zur Extraktion jedes Teils des Stilmittels in einem Satz vor. Darüber hinaus führen wir sprachübergreifende Extraktionsmodelle ein und verfeinern Erkennungsmethoden für eine verbesserte Leistung bei bisher unbekannten syntaktischen Variationen des Phänomens, indem wir uns ausschließlich auf den Schlüsseleigennamen des Stilmittels konzentrieren. Außerdem befassen wir uns mit einer anderen, aber ergänzenden Aufgabe, nämlich der Extraktion des zu beschreibenden Eigennamens in einem ganzen Textabsatz. Für ein tieferes Verständnis der Vossianischen Antonomasie präsentieren wir eine explorative Analyse des entwickelten Datensatzes. Wir führen zwei interaktive Visualisierungen ein, die die einzelnen Teile des Phänomens und ihr Zusammenspiel hervorheben, um weitere Einblicke zu gewinnen. Stylistic devices, also known as figures of speech or rhetorical devices, have always been used in text to create imagery, engage readers, and emphasize key points. Among these devices, Vossian Antonomasia, which is closely related to metaphor and metonymy, is particularly popular for employing named entities as rhetorical elements. Defined more precisely, Vossian Antonomasia involves attributing a particular set of properties or attributes to an entity by naming another named entity that is generally well-known for the respective properties. Modifying phrases, which typically appear in combination with the latter entity, help contextualize these attributes. Despite its ubiquity in modern media, the research on its identification, usage, and interpretation is rare. This motivates the topic of this thesis: The automated detection, extraction and analysis of Vossian Antonomasia. We present several methods for the automated detection of the phenomenon and create an annotated dataset. Mostly, the methods are based on neural networks. Additionally, we introduce several approaches for extracting each chunk of the device in a sentence by modeling the problem as a sequence tagging task. Moreover, we introduce cross-lingual extraction models and refine detection methods for an improved performance on unseen syntactic variations of the phenomenon by focusing solely on the key entity of the device. Furthermore, we tackle a distinct but complementary task, namely, the extraction of the entity being described in an entire text paragraph. For a deeper understanding of Vossian Antonomasia, we present an exploratory analysis of the developed dataset. We introduce two interactive visualizations that highlight the chunks of the phenomenon and their interplay to gain more insights.

A new species of Taeniogonalos is described and illustrated from Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The male of Taeniogonalos eurysoma Chen & van Achterberg, 2020 is described for the first time along with its first distribution record from India. The new species and T. eurysoma are illustrated along with a distribution map of Indian Taeniogonalos.

R is widely used by researchers in the statistics field and academia. In Botswana, it is used in a few research for data analysis. The paper aims to synthesis research conducted in Botswana that has used R programming for data analysis and to demonstrate to data scientists, the R community in Botswana and internationally the gaps and applications in practice in research work using R in the context of Botswana. The paper followed the PRISMA methodology and the articles were taken from information technology databases.

The goal of this book is to provide a reference for applications of mathematical modelling in social media and related network analysis and offer a theoretically sound background with adequate suggestions for better decision-making. Social Networks: Modelling and Analysis provides the essential knowledge of network analysis applicable to real-world data, with examples from today's most popular social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, etc. The book provides basic notation and terminology used in social media and its network science. It covers the analysis of statistics for social network analysis such as degree distribution, centrality, clustering coefficient, diameter, and path length. The ranking of the pages using rank algorithms such as Page Rank and HITS are also discussed. 　 Written as a reference this book is for engineering and management students, research scientists, as well as academicians involved in complex networks, mathematical sciences, and marketing research.

Following the adoption of Council directive 94/45/EC (the EWC directive) more than 1,250 EWCs were established. This industrial relations institution was intended to ensure transnational information and consultation were available to worker representatives within MNCs that met the thresholds of the legislation. Initially the quality of information and consultation met neither standards required by the directive nor those specified in EU Charters and Treaties. In consequence, a recast directive (2009/38/EC) was adopted with the intention of remedying the shortcomings of the initial legislation. By means of survey evidence this book demonstrates that the recast directive has also failed to ensure EWC operations of the required standard. In particular, the timing and utility of information and consultation is inadequate with the result that most EWCs are institutions of information rather than information and consultation.

Rotations of microscale rigid bodies exhibit pronounced quantum phenomena that do not exist for their centre-of-mass motion. By levitating nanoparticles in ultra-high vacuum, researchers are developing a promising platform for observing and exploiting these quantum effects in an unexplored mass and size regime. Recent experimental and theoretical breakthroughs demonstrate exquisite control of nanoscale rotations, setting the stage for the first tabletop tests of rotational superpositions and for the next generation of ultra-precise torque sensors. Here, we review the experimental state of the art and discuss promising routes towards quantum rotations.

Stormwater runoff samples were collected from a roadway in Beijing and were analysed for turbidity, pH, TSS, TDS, COD, TP, TN, as well as metals Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, Cd, and Mn. The results showed that runoff pollutant concentrations were relatively high. TSS, Zn, Fe, and Al concentrations exceeded the benchmark values set by USEPA, indicating a high level of concern about impairing receiving water quality and the need for pollution prevention measures. Also, most pollutant concentrations exceeded the those in Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) study. The collected runoff samples were treated through two bench-scale facilities composed of sand-based pervious bricks, subbase materials, and two types of 500mm-thick subsoils. The infiltration capacity of the brick is above 0.025 cm/s, and good water retention and recharge properties was achieved with the help of subbase and subsoils. On the other hand, the average removal of TSS, TP, and TN reached 81.8%, 64.1%, and 64.4%, respectively. The average removal rates of Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%. The sand-based pervious brick is featured with micron-level pores. The paver system significantly reduced stormwater runoff pollutant concentrations and good removal rates were acheived comparing to many pervious pavers with larger pores.

Preparing and observing quantum states of nanoscale particles is a challenging task with great relevance for quantum technologies and tests of fundamental physics. In contrast to atomic systems with discrete transitions, nanoparticles exhibit a practically continuous absorption spectrum and thus their quantum dynamics cannot be easily manipulated. Here, we demonstrate that charged nanoscale dielectrics can be artificially endowed with a discrete level structure by coherently interfacing their rotational and translational motion with a superconducting qubit. We propose a pulsed scheme for the generation and read-out of motional quantum superpositions and entanglement between several levitated nanoparticles, providing an all-electric platform for networked hybrid quantum devices.

Braille is the only system to visually impaired people for reading and writing. However, general people cannot read Braille. So, teachers and relatives find it hard to assist them with learning. Almost every major language has software solutions for this translation purpose. However, in Bengali there is an absence of this useful tool. Here, we propose Braille to Text Translator, which takes image of these tactile alphabets, and translates them to plain text. Image deterioration, scan-time page rotation, and braille dot deformation are the principal issues in this scheme. All of these challenges are directly checked using special image processing and geometric structure analysis. The technique yields 97.25% accuracy in recognizing Braille characters.

6LowPAN was introduced by the IETF as a standard protocol to interconnect tiny and constrained devices across IPv6 clouds. 6LowPAN supports a QoS feature based on two priority bits. So far, little interest has been granted and this QoS feature and there are no implementations of such feature in real networks. In this paper,we evaluate the capacity to provide QoS of these priority bits in various scenarios. We show that under very heavy or very low network load, these bits have a limited effect on the delay.

Control over the motional degrees of freedom of atoms, ions, and molecules in a field-free environment enables unrivalled measurement accuracies but has yet to be applied to highly charged ions (HCIs), which are of particular interest to future atomic clock designs and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. Here, we report on the Coulomb crystallization of HCIs (specifically 40Ar13+) produced in an electron beam ion trap and retrapped in a cryogenic linear radiofrequency trap by means of sympathetic motional cooling through Coulomb interaction with a directly laser-cooled ensemble of Be+ ions. We also demonstrate cooling of a single Ar13+ ion by a single Be+ ion—the prerequisite for quantum logic spectroscopy with a potential 10−19 accuracy level. Achieving a seven-orders-of-magnitude decrease in HCI temperature starting at megakelvin down to the millikelvin range removes the major obstacle for HCI investigation with high-precision laser spectroscopy.

Measuring and reporting performance of parallel computers constitutes the basis for scientific advancement of high-performance computing (HPC). Most scientific reports show performance improvements of new techniques and are thus obliged to ensure reproducibility or at least interpretability. Our investigation of a stratified sample of 120 papers across three top conferences in the field shows that the state of the practice is lacking. For example, it is often unclear if reported improvements are deterministic or observed by chance. In addition to distilling best practices from existing work, we propose statistically sound analysis and reporting techniques and simple guidelines for experimental design in parallel computing and codify them in a portable benchmarking library. We aim to improve the standards of reporting research results and initiate a discussion in the HPC field. A wide adoption of our minimal set of rules will lead to better interpretability of performance results and improve the scientific culture in HPC.

The vibrational motion of trapped BaCl+ molecules can be quenched by collisions with ultracold calcium atoms at a rate comparable to the classical scattering rate; this method is over four orders of magnitude more efficient than traditional sympathetic cooling schemes and should be applicable to many different types of molecule.

Experimental evaluation is key to systems research. Because modern systems are complex and non-deterministic, good experimental methodology demands that researchers account for uncertainty. To obtain valid results, they are expected to run many iterations of benchmarks, invoke virtual machines (VMs) several times, or even rebuild VM or benchmark binaries more than once. All this repetition costs time to complete experiments. Currently, many evaluations give up on sufficient repetition or rigorous statistical methods, or even run benchmarks only in training sizes. The results reported often lack proper variation estimates and, when a small difference between two systems is reported, some are simply unreliable.In contrast, we provide a statistically rigorous methodology for repetition and summarising results that makes efficient use of experimentation time. Time efficiency comes from two key observations. First, a given benchmark on a given platform is typically prone to much less non-determinism than the common worst-case of published corner-case studies. Second, repetition is most needed where most uncertainty arises (whether between builds, between executions or between iterations). We capture experimentation cost with a novel mathematical model, which we use to identify the number of repetitions at each level of an experiment necessary and sufficient to obtain a given level of precision.We present our methodology as a cookbook that guides researchers on the number of repetitions they should run to obtain reliable results. We also show how to present results with an effect size confidence interval. As an example, we show how to use our methodology to conduct throughput experiments with the DaCapo and SPEC CPU benchmarks on three recent platforms.

Making a business rule extraction more dynamic is an open issue, and we think it is feasible if we decompose the business process structure in a set of rules, each of them representing a transition of the business process. As a consequence the business process engine can be realized by reusing and integrating an existing Rule Engine. We are proposing a way for extracting the business rules and then to modify it at the runtime. Business rules specifies the constraints that affect the behaviors and also specifies the derivation of conditions that affect the execution flow. The rules can be extracted from use cases, specifications or system code. But since not many enterprises capture their business rules in a structured, explicit form like documents or implicit software codes, they need to be identified first, before being captured and managed. These rules change more often than the processes themselves, but changing and managing business rules is a complex task beyond the abilities of most business analysts. The capturing process focuses on the identification of the potential business rules sources. As business logic requirements change, business analysts can update the business logic without enlisting the aid of the IT staff. The new logic is immediately available to all client applications. In current trend the rules are modified or changed in the static time phase. But this paper provides to change the rules at the run time. Here the rules are extracted from the services and can be a changed dynamically. The existing rules are modified and attached to source code without hindering service to the end user which can be achieved with source control systems. When the rules are revised, it provides a path in budding new business logic. This new business logic can be adopted for the efficient software development.

L’écart croissant entre l’ethos sociologique et le monde social constitue un défi auquel la sociologie publique tente de répondre en entrant en dialogue, de façons multiples, avec des publics variés. Il existe une pluralité de sociologies publiques. Celles-ci ne doivent pas être laissées dans l’ombre, mais doivent être au contraire pleinement intégrées au sein de la discipline, ce qui contribuerait à la fois à faire de la sociologie publique une entreprise visible et légitime, et à revigorer la sociologie dans son ensemble. La topographie de la sociologie esquissée ici indique des relations d’interdépendance antagonistes entre quatre types de savoirs : académique, critique, expert, et public. Dans le meilleur des mondes, l’épanouissement de chacun de ces types est la condition du bon développement de tous. Mais chacun d’entre eux peut tout aussi bien prendre des formes pathologiques, et l’un d’eux peut se retrouver exclu, ou subordonné à un autre. La sociologie est ainsi un champ de forces, et il faut explorer les relations entre les quatre types de sociologie dans leurs variations historiques et nationales et en fonction des modèles de carrières divergents qu’ils représentent. Enfin, la comparaison entre les disciplines met en lumière le cordon ombilical qui relie la sociologie au monde des publics, et souligne par là l’investissement particulier de la sociologie en faveur d’une société civile en proie aux assauts du marché et de l’État.

Many new Java runtime optimizations report relatively small, single-digit performance improvements. On modern virtual and actual hardware, however, the performance impact of an optimization can be influenced by a variety of factors in the underlying systems. Using a case study of a new garbage collection optimization in two different Java virtual machines, we show the relative effects of issues that must be taken into consideration when claiming an improvement. We examine the specific and overall performance changes due to our optimization and show how unintended side-effects can contribute to, and distort the final assessment. Our experience shows that VM and hardware concerns can generate variances of up to 9.5% in whole program execution time. Consideration of these confounding effects is critical to a good, objective understanding of Java performance and optimization.