Data4UrbanMobility was presented on the 20th November 2018 during the Leibniz Startup & Industry Event Artificial Intelligence. The PROJEKTIONISTEN® GmbH together with the Research Center L3S explained current project outcomes like the D4UM-App and the Dashboard to interested visitors.

We very much enjoyed the interesting discussion and are very happy about all participants in our Citizen Science App “MiC – Move in the City”.

• Today, AI agents are already capable of performing impressive tasks. However, their non-deterministic nature introduces novel risks that must be understood and mitigated carefully. This study adopts a scenario-based approach to identify and mitigate risks stemming from AI agents’ inherent uncertainties. In a workshop with 30 stakeholders from a medium-sized German software company, participants developed structured risk scenarios based on projections of system behavior, tasks, users, and environment. Qualitative analysis of 35 scenarios and 12 interviews enabled the identification of design principles that enhance stakeholders’ perception of risk manageability, while also assessing the approach’s strengths and limitations. Findings highlight financial risks as predominant and reveal stakeholder preferences for confidence estimators and human-in-the-loop strategies, alongside novel, context-specific mitigation approaches that remain underexplored in current academic literature. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the scenario-based method in uncovering context-specific risks and fostering the development of mitigation strategies across diverse practitioner groups.
• High-Stability Lycopene Lipid Delivery and Endothelial Function: A Cardiometabolic Evidence Framework. Quinn, Yassine Igoundaz | Aaron Scott | Xavier (2026). 3(9) 139–144.

  A high-stability lycopene lipid matrix was evaluated as a controlled exposure platform for cardiovascular nutrition research. Across three optimized formulations, total lycopene was 2.13-2.34%, all-trans lycopene 85.1-86.2%, peroxide value 1.8-2.0 mmol/kg, and 30-day lycopene retention at 45°C was 90.8-91.6%. Human evidence was considered by endpoint rather than collapsed into a single cardiovascular effect. In statin-treated patients with cardiovascular disease, 7 mg/day lycopene for two months improved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation by 53%, while the healthy-volunteer arm showed no comparable change. Meta-analyses report variable findings across blood pressure, lipids, inflammation, and endothelial measures. More recent randomized tomato-juice work also shows that flow-mediated dilation can improve even when measured oxidative-stress markers do not move in parallel. The formulation data provide a stable lipid-phase lycopene input for studies that prospectively define vascular phenotype, circulating lycopene exposure, and the primary cardiometabolic endpoint.
• Workplace Ergonomics and its Influence on Dental Practitioners’ Productivity and Patient Care Quality. Zhamshidovich, Ortikova Nargiza Khairullayevna | Khurramov Sukhrob Abdunazarovich | Akhatov Alizhon (2026). 4(1) 30–34.

  Workplace ergonomics is a critical determinant of the efficiency productivity and overall health of dental practitioners. Dentistry is inherently demanding requiring sustained precision prolonged static postures repetitive movements and high visual concentration. Poor ergonomic design in dental clinics not only increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among practitioners but also impacts the quality of patient care procedural accuracy and overall clinical performance. This article provides an in-depth review of workplace ergonomic principles evaluates their influence on dental practitioners’ productivity and patient care quality and explores evidence-based strategies to optimize clinical environments. It emphasizes the integration of ergonomic assessment equipment design workflow optimization and practitioner education as essential components of sustainable dental practice.
• Modern Approaches to the Diagnosis and Management of Dental Caries in Adult Patients. Munisovna, Khaydarova Durdona (2026). 4(1) 1–6.

  Dental caries continues to be one of the most prevalent oral health problems among adult populations worldwide significantly impacting masticatory function esthetics and overall quality of life. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and management of dental caries emphasize early detection minimally invasive intervention and individualized preventive strategies to halt disease progression and preserve natural tooth structure. This study examines contemporary diagnostic modalities including digital radiography laser fluorescence and transillumination techniques alongside restorative strategies such as adhesive resin composites glass ionomer cements and selective caries removal. The integration of patient-centered preventive care risk assessment models and evidence-based restorative protocols was evaluated in adult patients presenting with varying severity of carious lesions. Results demonstrate that early diagnosis combined with conservative restorative and preventive measures significantly reduces lesion progression enhances patient comfort and promotes long-term oral health sustainability. The study underscores the importance of adopting modern technology-assisted approaches in clinical dentistry to improve therapeutic outcomes and optimize patient satisfaction. Dental caries remains a predominant oral health challenge among adults leading to structural tooth damage functional impairment and diminished quality of life if not properly addressed. Modern clinical dentistry emphasizes early detection minimally invasive restorative techniques and individualized preventive strategies to halt disease progression and maintain dental integrity. This study investigates the application of advanced diagnostic tools including digital radiography laser fluorescence and fiber-optic transillumination in identifying incipient lesions in adult patients. Furthermore it evaluates the clinical efficacy of contemporary restorative materials such as adhesive composite resins and glass ionomer cements in conjunction with selective caries removal and risk-based preventive interventions. Findings reveal that integration of these modern approaches facilitates preservation of healthy dental tissues improves restoration longevity reduces postoperative complications and enhances patient satisfaction. The study underlines the importance of combining technological innovations with evidence based protocols to optimize therapeutic outcomes and support sustainable oral health practices in adults.
• Green-By-Design Pharmaceuticals: from Human Admet to Environmental Safety in AI-Enabled Sustainable Drug Discovery. Abdulnabi, Shireen Nadhem Saleh | Asmaa Adnan (2026). 3(9) 1–18.

  Objectives to analyze how the concept of pharmaceutical sustainability could be taken further into the upstream processes of candidate selection to combine human ADMET, synthetic efficiency, environmental fate, ecotoxicity, biodegradability and AI without affecting therapeutic performance. This is a critical narrative review, which gave priority to peer-reviewed literature published 2021 to 30 August 2026 (with preference to 2024-2026) and the older foundational studies were retained. Official EMA, EUR-Lex, European Commission SSbD, OECD and PREMIER sources were added to PubMed search and targeted publisher searches. The study design, relevance of the endpoints, validation, transparency and relevance to an actionable R&D decision were evaluated, and no PRISMA flow or meta-analysis will be asserted. Prevention by design is supported, with an uneven maturity. Process metrics, solvent selection, catalysis, biocatalysis and continuous processing are relatively developed; prediction of PBT-related endpoints, bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity are being developed, but biodegradability prediction is less certain. The multi-objective prioritization can be assisted by AI when the domains of applicability, uncertainty, and experimental validation are clear. Out of the sources found, no prospective program could support the entire therapeutic-process-environmental framework in its entirety; instead, a stage-gated structure of evidence is suggested. The green reaction or environment score alone does not characterize a Green-by-Design pharmaceutical. It is a medically plausible therapy whose molecular characteristics, manufacturing burden and post consumption ecological conduct are taken into account as long as judgments are changeable. AI must not replace transparent evidence, regulatory assessment or validation but reveal trade-offs and focus on experiments.
• Persistent Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia of Infancy Clinical Presentation and Treatment. alzubaidi, Dr. Thulfagar Ibrahim Salih | Dr. Munib Ahmed (2026). 4(1) 79–88.

  Background Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy also known as congenital hyperinsulinism is a collection of disorders that lead to persistent hypoglycemia a result of the congenital excess of insulin secretion and is not to be mistaken with acquired forms which include insulinoma iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia and dumping syndrome. It is the most likely cause of persistent hypoglycemia in the infants and neonates. Aims of the study To study demographic & clinical features of patients with congenital hyperinsulinism & response to treatment. Patients and methods Case-series study was carried out on patients with congenital hyperinsulinism who diagnosed and/or treated at Children Welfare Teaching hospital Baghdad Medical City started on 1st of January 2013 and ended on 30th of October 2019. In this study out of 35 patients diagnosed as congenital hyperinsulinism only 27 patients were studied ( 8 patients were excluded because of lost follow up)
• Sepsis Disease and Treatment in Children. Atadjanova, Barno Shamsuddinovna Makhmudova | Shaira Khalilovna (2026). 4(1) 89–94.

  Sepsis in children remains a critical global health challenge and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in neonatal and pediatric intensive care settings. It is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for improving survival outcomes and reducing long-term complications. This article reviews the etiology pathophysiology clinical manifestations diagnostic criteria and modern therapeutic approaches for pediatric sepsis with a special focus on early recognition and evidence-based management strategies in low- and middle-income countries including Uzbekistan. Emphasis is placed on antimicrobial therapy hemodynamic support and the role of preventive measures in reducing the incidence of sepsis among children.
• Atorvastatin-Associated Myopathy: A Clinical Study in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq. abdalrazaq abass, Alyaa (2026). 3(9) 19–27.

  "Statins are lipid-lowering agents broadly prescribed to reduce cardiovascular events; atorvastatin is one of the most used drugs due to its high efficacy. Patients who take statins had muscle related outcomes, an increased risk of cardiovascular events are the most significant causes of statin discontinuation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the dual impact of statins, particularly atorvastatin, in the context of cardiovascular therapy and risk of muscle related side effects within Nasiriyah city. The study is a cross-sectional study was managed at al-Nasiriyah teaching hospital /Nasiriyah Heart Hospital / Specialized Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Thi-Qar. The results indicate that higher statin doses are significantly associated with increased BMI, elevated creatinine, with certain risk factors (older age, gender, smokes, and vitamin D deficiency) that greater incidence of myopathy. The risk of developing myopathy increases with higher doses of the drug and in individuals with certain risk factors, Concomitant use of other medications that affect statin metabolism. "
• Comparison Study the Efficacy of Bacterial-Derived DNA Nanostructure and Nano Chitosan on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rabbits. Farman, Rafid Hadi (2026). 3(9) 28–39.

  Wounds are amid the most common surgical defect, caused by road accidents and various injuries. In veterinary fields, Fast healing offerings a significant challenge because  delayed healing can increase the wound contamination and infection, in addition to the possibility of complications affecting the tissues and organs beneath the injury site. Therefore, it has become essential to search for new materials and treatment methods that can accelerate wound healing and improve the quality of regenerated tissue . This has led to increased interest in using biomaterials, nanoparticles, and preparations with antimicrobial and tissue-regenerative activity as promising strategies for improving wound treatment outcomes.  60 Newzeland rabbits were concluded in this study which divided randomly  in four groups of 15 rabbits, G1:regarded control group, G2: treated Nano DNA with, G3 : Nano chitosan and G4:  treated  with  combination of Nano DNA and  Nano chitosan. Complete wounds 2 Cm  in diameter Were done,  Biopsies Were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days for histopathological evaluation, The healing outcomes were relatively that all treated groups enhanced wound healing compared with the control group after 7 days.  While at the 14 days after treatment the 3rd and 4th groups showed noticeable healing processes than other groups, while at 21 days from treatment the animals treated with a combination of Nano DNA and Nano chitosan , almost complete healing considered by occurrence of thick keratinized layer and profuse collagen in the dermis as well as new formation of hair follicle when compared with other groups.
• Comparison Study the Efficacy of Bacterial- Derived Dna Nanostructure and Nano Chitosan on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rabbits. Farman, Rafid Hadi (2026). 3(9) 40–54.

  Wounds are amid the most common surgical defect, caused by road accidents and various injuries. In veterinary fields, Fast healing offerings a significant challenge because  delayed healing can increase the wound contamination and infection, in addition to the possibility of complications affecting the tissues and organs beneath the injury site. . Therefore, it has become essential to search for new materials and treatment methods that can accelerate wound healing and improve the quality of regenerated tissue . This has led to increased interest in using biomaterials, nanoparticles, and preparations with antimicrobial and tissue-regenerative activity as promising strategies for improving wound treatment outcomes. 60 Newzeland rabbits were concluded in this study which divided randomly  in four groups of 15 rabbits , G1:regarded control group , G2: treated Nano DNA with, G3 : Nano chitosan and G4:  treated  with  combination of Nano DNA and  Nano chitosan. Complete wounds 2 Cm  in diameter Were done,  Biopsies Were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days for histopathological evaluation, The healing outcomes were relatively that all treated groups enhanced wound healing compared with the control group after 7 days.  While at the 14 days after treatment the 3rd and 4th groups showed noticeable healing processes than other groups, while at 21 days from treatment the animals treated with a combination of Nano DNA and Nano chitosan , almost complete healing considered by occurrence of thick keratinized layer and profuse collagen in the dermis as well as new formation of hair follicle when compared with other groups.
• Calcium Bioavailability of an Organic Calcium–CPP Granule Formulation: In Vitro Performance and Evidence from Human Studies. Ndlovu, Nour-Eddine Ziraoui | Kofi Boateng | Nomsa (2026). 3(9) 55–63.

  The tablet formulation contains calcium citrate malate, calcium L-lactate, casein phosphopeptide (CPP), inulin, resistant dextrin, and microencapsulated vitamin D3. The ingredients are incorporated through a prefabricated-granule process. In comparative tests, the formulation showed greater calcium release and soluble-calcium retention in simulated gastrointestinal media than direct mixing. Objective to examine whether these formulation findings are consistent with human evidence on calcium absorption and bioavailability. The reported formulation composition and comparative test results were used without changing their original values. Human studies were identified through a focused search of PubMed-indexed randomized and crossover trials and relevant primary reports available through 14 August 2026. The search covered calcium citrate malate, CPP, inulin-type fructans, and vitamin D in relation to calcium absorption. The preferred formulation released 84.7% of its calcium within 30 minutes in simulated gastric fluid and retained 61.5% in soluble form after 60 minutes in simulated intestinal fluid. Direct mixing resulted in lower values of 70.4% and 46.7%, respectively. In human studies, CCM was absorbed, although absorption varied with the food matrix. Inulin-type fructans increased calcium absorption in some adolescent and postmenopausal populations. The available CPP trials did not show a clear improvement in fractional calcium absorption, while the effects of vitamin D supplementation differed across study populations. The formulation has a credible physicochemical rationale for delivering soluble calcium, with the strongest ingredient-level clinical support attributable to selected prebiotic strategies and established absorbability of organic calcium salts. The evidence supports further direct stable-isotope evaluation of the finished formulation.
• Specificity of Immunity in Children Living in the South Aral Sea Region After Vaccination with Different Pneumococcal Vaccines. T.A., P.M.Madrakhimov | Bekchanov B.G. | Yaqubov D.M. | Klicheva (2026). 4(1) 95–100.

  Two types of pneumococcal vaccines for children are registered in Uzbekistan: Prevenar-13 (Pfizer USA) which contains capsular polysaccharides of thirteen pneumococcal serotypes conjugated with genetically engineered diphtheria toxoid and 10-valent conjugate vaccine Pnevmosil (India). Until 2020 children were vaccinated with the 13-valent vaccine Prevenar-13 after 2020 - Pnevmosil-10. We conducted a study to assess the humoral immune response (IgG) to 15 pneumococcal CPS in ELISA in children with pneumonia as well as in relatively healthy children. Analysis of the same sera showed a higher level of IgG in the post vaccination period to the Prevenar-13 vaccine to a greater extent than to the 10-valent vaccine (1.3-2 times).
• Prevalence, Seasonal Fluctuation, and Molecular Profiles of Bacterial Enteropathogens Causing Diarrhea in Cats in Karbala, Iraq. Fadhil, Zainab Haider Abd ALwahhab | Ali Hussein (2026). 3(9) 81–90.

  Background: Information on the presence of intestinal pathogens is very scarce. Consequently, this research work aimed at isolating and characterizing the primary bacteria that cause feline diarrhea in Karbala, studying their monthly prevalence, and registering their molecular information in the GenBank database. Methodology: One hundred clinical samples including rectal swabs and fresh feces were collected from symptomatic cats with diarrhea from different ecological zones in Karbala Governorate during an uninterrupted period of six months from October 2025 to March 2026. Preliminary bacterial isolation and identification were done using common bacterial enrichment media and selective differential media. Identification at the species level was done using the extraction of DNA from isolated bacteria followed by amplification through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using conserved DNA sequences unique to Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Citrobacter braakii, and Enterobacter cloacae. The genetic characterization of the identified bacteria was achieved through the Sanger sequencing of selected PCR-positive clones. The generated sequences were then analyzed against available nucleotide sequences in NCBI using BLAST and submitted to GenBank for the generation of accession numbers. Results: The molecular detection revealed that 67 of the 100 samples (67.0%) were positive to one of the enteropathogenic bacteria investigated. Out of the positive samples, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans was the most common bacterial species with the prevalence of 17.0% (n=17), followed by classic zoonotic bacteria Escherichia coli, which had the prevalence of 16.0% (n=16) and Salmonella enterica subsp (14.0% or n=14). Opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens were present less frequently: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (8.0%, n=8); Citrobacter braakii (7.0%, n=7) and Enterobacter cloacae (5.0%, n=5). Seasonal fluctuations were detected during the time; October 2025 demonstrated the maximum peak of the infection (19 positive cases), whereas secondary peaks were found in December (13 cases) and March 2026 (11 cases), with the lowest rates in November and January, when only 7 positive cases were recorded. Conclusion: In this research work, it is clear that the bacterial pathogens are responsible for feline diarrhea in Karbala, with P. oryzihabitans, E. coli, and Salmonella being the primary bacteria causing the infection. The dramatic increase in the incidence of infections in October means that there is the critical danger associated with the change in weather in autumn, probably caused by the climatic factors which result in the physiological stress and weaken animals' immune systems. Also, the successful deposit of the sequences in the GenBank means that the basic data on the genetics of feline enteric bacteria in Iraq have been created.
• Assessment of Serum Asprosin Levels in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Hosi, Sawsan Salman (2026). 3(9) 71–80.

  Obesity is a common metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance, chronic low grade inflammation and elevated cardiovascular risk, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is another metabolic disorder of insulin resistance. Recently Asporin has been identified as an adipokine which may play a role as a regulator of glucose metabolism and energy balance, but whose clinical relevance is not yet established. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of circulating asprosin concentration with anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory parameters in obese people with T2DM. This case-control study was conducted in Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Tikrit, Iraq from May 2025 to April 2026. Participants ages 20 to 70 years were divided into four groups: healthy controls, obese non-diabetic, non-obese patients with T2DM, and obese patients with T2DM. Anthropometric data were recorded and blood samples were taken after an overnight fast for biochemical parameters, insulin and asprosin by ELISA. There are significantly higher concentrations of asprosin in all groups of patients than in healthy controls, with the highest concentration found in obese patients with T2DM (P < 0.001). Other measures of obesity, such as fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, inflammatory markers, triglycerides, TyG index, and lipid accumulation product were also significantly elevated in the diseased groups. The correlation analysis results revealed positive correlations between asprosin and obesity indices, glycemic variables, insulin resistance, triglycerides, leptin, hs-CRP, TyG index, and lipid accumulation product, and negative correlation between asprosin and adiponectin. The multiple regression model revealed that BMI, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and TyG index were independent factors for serum asprosin. The results indicate that the high level of asprosin is a good indicator of metabolic dysfunction and could be a potential target for therapy and biomarker in obesity-related T2DM. It's clinical usefulness needs further prospective studies to confirm.
• Method of Comprehensive Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis in Chronic Leukemia. Xikmatuloyevna, Marupova Madina (2026). 4(1) 25–29.

  Chronic periodontitis represents a significant clinical challenge in patients diagnosed with chronic leukemia due to profound alterations in immune function hematopoiesis and tissue repair mechanisms. The coexistence of these two chronic conditions leads to mutual aggravation where periodontal inflammation may exacerbate systemic complications while leukemia-related immunosuppression accelerates periodontal tissue destruction. This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment approach for managing chronic periodontitis in patients with chronic leukemia. The proposed method integrates individualized periodontal therapy systemic medical coordination antimicrobial control and supportive care tailored to hematological status. Clinical outcomes demonstrate that a structured and cautious therapeutic strategy can significantly improve periodontal health reduce inflammatory burden and enhance overall quality of life without increasing hematological risks. The findings support the necessity of close collaboration between dental professionals and hematologists when treating this vulnerable patient population. Chronic periodontal inflammation in individuals affected by chronic leukemia poses a complex clinical scenario due to altered immune responses vascular fragility and impaired tissue regeneration. The coexistence of these conditions increases the risk of rapid periodontal breakdown and systemic complications. This section presents an expanded overview of how an integrated therapeutic strategy aimed at controlling oral inflammation while maintaining systemic stability can lead to favorable clinical outcomes. Emphasis is placed on individualized care risk reduction and the importance of coordinated medical and dental management to ensure both oral and overall health improvement in this medically compromised population.
• Психосоматические Механизмы Как Фактор Прогрессирования Сердечно-Сосудистых Заболеваний. Эргашевна, Сулайманова Нилуфар (2026). 4(1) 49–52.

  В данной статье изучено значение психосоматических факторов в течении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, осложнённых хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Исследование проведено на базе поликлиник города Самарканда с участием 290 пациентов, которые были распределены на две группы в зависимости от длительности заболевания. Наряду с клинико-инструментальными методами обследования психоэмоциональное состояние пациентов оценивалось с использованием шкал тревожности Спилбергера–Ханнина и депрессии Цунга. Результаты исследования показали, что у пациентов с длительностью заболевания более 5 лет значительно чаще выявлялись высокие уровни тревожности и депрессивные расстройства. В первой группе высокая тревожность была зарегистрирована у 78,1 % пациентов, депрессивные расстройства — у 68,0 %, тогда как во второй группе эти показатели составили 42,9 % и 38,4 % соответственно. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о тесной взаимосвязи между длительным течением сердечно-сосудистой психоэмоционального дистресса.
• Evaluation of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Treatment Planning and Orthodontics: Narrative Review. Shireef, Lara Talib Sharif | Lava Talib (2026). 3(9) 91–105.

  AI is incorporated in almost all stages of the digital orthodontic workflow, from the automated analysis of diagnostic records, the simulation of treatment outcomes, and remote monitoring of tooth movement. In a very short duration, there has been an explosion of models that are published, which has outpaced critical appraisal of their clinical reliability. The aim of this study is to assess the current role of AI in orthodontic treatment planning through the synthesis of reported diagnostic and predictive performance across the main clinical domains. Furthermore, we will examine the influence of task complexity and study design on performance, and finally identify the methodological, ethical, and regulatory barriers that continue to limit routine clinical integration. A narrative review was conducted utilising PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science available for articles published from January 2009 to June 2026. Priority was given to systematic reviews, scoping reviews, meta-analyses, and primary diagnostic –accuracy or predictive-modelling studies published in English. The primary authors provided performance metrics, which were extracted without pooling and are presented accordingly. Seven domain were identified cephalometric landmark identification, malocclusion classification, extraction decision support, skeletal maturation assessment, orthognathic outcome prediction, clear aligner planning, remote monitoring. The reported performance follows a consistent gradient determined by the structure of the task and not by its clinical relevance. The tooth segmentation task achieved 98% performance, the two-dimensional landmark detection task achieved 98.3% performance, the binary crossbite classification task achieved 98.6% performance, and the extraction decision task achieved an area under the curve of 91.2%. Multiclass tasks fall to 71–91%. Fine-grained spatial tasks are lowest, with successful detection rates of 67.5% within 2 mm for posteroanterior landmarks and a pooled three-dimensional landmarking error of 2.44 mm. performance also declines when models are across multiple centres: cervical vertebral maturation staging accuracy fell from 98% in a single-centre cohort to 71.1–78.3% in a six-centre cohort involving 3,600 images. AI is delivers its most robust and reproducible benefits in reduced analysis time and reduce inter-observer variability rather than in unambiguous diagnostic superiority over experienced clinicians. given limited external validation, dataset homogeneity, inconsistent reporting and unresolved ethical and medico-legal question, AI is best positioned as a decision-support adjunct requiring clinician oversight at every stage. priorities for the field are multicentre externally validated datasets and prospective designs with patient-relevant endpoints, routine use of explainable AI and adherence to established reporting frameworks.
• Technical Obstacles Facing Specialised Centres in the Use of Medical Devices. Mirwais, Mohammad Abdullah (2026). 3(9) 106–114.

  This study records the medical equipment shortages in terms of availability, operating condition and maintenance related barriers of the medical equipment at the medical amenities that were studied. Thus, to enhance the quality of healthcare services, multi-sector partnerships and offers tailored to health facilities are imperative to address challenges of low medical equipment availability and functionality.
• AI Diplomacy: Can Algorithms Help Humanity Resolve International Conflicts?. Izzatullaevich, Azimov Khakimali Imamovich | Izzatullayev Bobirjon (2026). 4(1) 7–9.

  Artificial intelligence is becoming a fully-fledged tool of diplomacy. Algorithms warn of conflicts before they break out and simulate dozens of peace treaty scenarios in a matter of hours. But can machines trained on human data overcome our own biases? Is the world truly on the brink of a revolution in international relations.
• Analysis of 10-Year Macroeconomic Indicators of the Republic of Korea. o’g’li, Ulugmurodov Farhod Faxriddinovich | Rafiqjonov Damir Raxim (2026). 4(1) 54–59.

  Ushbu maqolada Koreya Respublikasining so‘nggi o‘n yil ichidagi asosiy iqtisodiy va makroiqtisodiy ko’rsatkichlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida yalpi ichki mahsulot (YIM) inflyatsiya mehnat bozori ko‘rsatkichlari tashqi savdo va investitsiya oqimlari kabi asosiy indikatorlar o‘rganildi. Shuningdek iqtisodiy o‘sishning barqarorligi inqirozga chidamliligi va makroiqtisodiy siyosatning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada so‘nggi o‘n yil ichida kuzatilgan iqtisodiy tendensiyalar ularning global iqtisodiyot va regional rivojlanish bilan bog‘liqligi ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari orqali Koreya iqtisodiyotining o‘sish mexanizmlarini va siyosiy choralarni yanada samarali shakllantirish holatlari ko’zda tutiladi.
• Patient Satisfaction with Teeth Whitening Techniques: In-Office vs. At-Home. Najmaldeen, Shokhan Sherzad (2026). 3(9) 115–127.

  For many years, hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide have been the main chemicals in tooth whitening. In the twentieth century, approaches to tooth whitening changed, but only in the twenty-first century did regulatory bodies begin approving the various techniques. There are many factors in aesthetic outcomes that are beyond the clinician’s control. Amongst these are chemical variations of peroxides, the nature of the discoloration and the behavior of enamel and dentin during the whitening process, and management of the whitening process to reduce sensitivity. Rapid acceptance of light-activated bleaching systems started around twenty years ago. Whether the light-activated systems increase the efficacy of the whitening process and the patient’s satisfaction with the result is presently an unresolved question. This study addresses what is known about successful whitening treatments and the rationale behind common clinical practice.
• Development Institutionalization And Ensuring the Legal Protection of Youth Through Legal Clinics. Jumaniyozova, Dilfuza Kamolovna (2026). 4(1) 64–67.

  The article examines the development and institutionalization of legal clinics as an effective mechanism for ensuring legal protection of young people belonging to socially vulnerable and at-risk groups. It analyzes the concept of “youth at social risk” identifies its main categories and highlights key socio-economic and legal factors contributing to vulnerability and exclusion. Particular attention is paid to the need for a systematic approach to identifying at-risk youth through coordinated interaction among state authorities educational institutions local self government bodies and civil society organizations.
• Intergovernmental Diplomacy and Consensus Rhetoric in United Nations Official Discourse. Kuchimova, Nilufar Turanbayevna (2026). 4(1) 49–53.

  Language plays a central role in multilateral diplomacy particularly within the institutional framework of the United Nations (UN) where decision-making is strongly oriented toward consensus. This article examines the rhetorical and pragmatic mechanisms through which consensus is constructed in UN official discourse. Drawing on theories of politeness hedging modality strategic ambiguity and speech act theory the study analyzes how linguistic strategies such as indirectness impersonality passive constructions euphemism and modal expressions function to minimize conflict and facilitate agreement among sovereign states. The findings demonstrate that UN diplomatic language systematically avoids overt confrontation in favor of generalized cooperative formulations that enable divergent political positions to coexist within a shared textual framework. The article argues that consensus in UN discourse is not merely a political outcome but a linguistically mediated process shaped by carefully calibrated rhetorical choices.
• Intergovernmental Relations and Federal Roads Infrastructure Development in Nigeria: A Study of Delta and Edo States. Princewill, Azuibike Stanley Joseph | Okereka Onofere (2026). 4(1) 16–30.

  The study examined intergovernmental relations and federal roads infrastructure development in Nigeria Delta and Edo States a case study. The study adopted Structural Functionalism Theory. The study employed the descriptive research design. The study evaluates the independence or correlation between categorical variables represented in the Likert scale responses. The study used both qualitative and quantitative sources. The study revealed that many of the respondents agreed that IGR has a positive impact on governance and road infrastructure. The study revealed that political rivalry as another challenge 51.2% of the respondents strongly agreed and 40% agreed that the conflicts between federal and state governments hinder infrastructure development. The study recommended that both the federal and state governments need to guarantee adequate funding for road projects along with measures in place to promote transparency and accountability in order to prevent corruption and inefficiencies among others.
• Comparative Renal Biochemical Responses to Date Seed, Common Bean, and Orange Peel Ethanolic Extracts During Repeated Low-Dose Aspirin Exposure in Female Rats: Renal RT-qPCR Profiles of Havcr1 and Nfe2l2. Gabri, Dalal Turki Shattnan Al (2026). 3(9) 239–247.

  Aspirin remains one of the most widely used antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory agents, yet renal responses can vary with dose, exposure duration, age, baseline kidney function, and concomitant biological stressors. This study compared three plant-derived ethanolic extracts as adjuncts during repeated aspirin exposure in female rats. Twenty-five rats were assigned to five groups (n=5/group) for 30 days: untreated control (C), aspirin 20 mg/kg (A), aspirin plus orange-peel extract 150 mg/kg (B), aspirin plus common-bean extract 150 mg/kg (F), and aspirin plus date-seed extract 150 mg/kg (T). Extracts were prepared by hot 70% ethanol extraction at a 1:10 solid-to-solvent ratio. Renal biochemical outcomes were albumin, total protein, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. One-way ANOVA based on the available group means, standard deviations, and equal group size showed significant between-group effects for albumin (F=9.92, P<0.001), total protein (F=72.78, P<0.001), urea (F=13.28, P<0.001), and uric acid (F=6.05, P=0.002), whereas creatinine did not differ significantly (F=1.20, P=0.342). The strongest urea reduction occurred with the bean extract, while all three extract groups showed lower uric acid than the aspirin-only group. These findings support distinct biochemical response profiles among the three plant materials but do not establish clinical renoprotection. Renal RT-qPCR profiling showed Havcr1 relative expression of 1.00 ± 0.12, 3.80 ± 0.45, 2.20 ± 0.31, 1.45 ± 0.20, and 1.70 ± 0.25-fold in groups C, A, B, F, and T, respectively, while Nfe2l2 expression was 1.00 ± 0.10, 0.55 ± 0.08, 1.45 ± 0.18, 1.80 ± 0.20, and 1.60 ± 0.17-fold, respectively.
• Candida albicans-The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection. Jummah, Rowshen Hani Al Nakeeb | Noor Dheyaa Hameed | Yasameen Hasan (2026). 3(9) 232–238.

  The commensal fungus Candida albicans  is a part of the typical flora of the microbiota that is frequently found on the skin and mucosal surface of healthy individuals along with the vaginal and gastrointestinal tracts. Candida can manifest in many ways and symptoms may range from mild mucocutaneous infections to severe life threatening invasive infections of multiple organs. Candida albicans is an opportunistic microorganism that could transition from typical flora (commensal state) to pathogenic state depends on a range of factors that might interfere with the balance of Candida. The gastrointestinal tract is the main site of Candida albicans infections, while the infection is caused by immune system abnormalities, mucosal damage of intestine and dysbiosis of microflora. The Candidemia and invasive infections of Candida albicans are connected to elevated blood counts of Candida albicans. This paper reviews the pathogenic features of Candida albicans and the symptoms of candidiasis.
• Assessment of Several Newcastle Disease Vaccines’ Immunological Effectiveness in Broiler Chicks with Challenge. Hosi, and Sawsan Salman (2026). 3(9) 71–80.

  Obesity is a common metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance, chronic low grade inflammation and elevated cardiovascular risk, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is another metabolic disorder of insulin resistance. Recently Asporin has been identified as an adipokine which may play a role as a regulator of glucose metabolism and energy balance, but whose clinical relevance is not yet established. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of circulating asprosin concentration with anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory parameters in obese people with T2DM. This case-control study was conducted in Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Tikrit, Iraq from May 2025 to April 2026. Participants ages 20 to 70 years were divided into four groups: healthy controls, obese non-diabetic, non-obese patients with T2DM, and obese patients with T2DM. Anthropometric data were recorded and blood samples were taken after an overnight fast for biochemical parameters, insulin and asprosin by ELISA. There are significantly higher concentrations of asprosin in all groups of patients than in healthy controls, with the highest concentration found in obese patients with T2DM (P < 0.001). Other measures of obesity, such as fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, inflammatory markers, triglycerides, TyG index, and lipid accumulation product were also significantly elevated in the diseased groups. The correlation analysis results revealed positive correlations between asprosin and obesity indices, glycemic variables, insulin resistance, triglycerides, leptin, hs-CRP, TyG index, and lipid accumulation product, and negative correlation between asprosin and adiponectin. The multiple regression model revealed that BMI, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and TyG index were independent factors for serum asprosin. The results indicate that the high level of asprosin is a good indicator of metabolic dysfunction and could be a potential target for therapy and biomarker in obesity-related T2DM. It's clinical usefulness needs further prospective studies to confirm.
• Explainable AI Systems to Enhance Patient Safety and Clinical Accountability. Sani, Mst Zannatun Ferdus | Rowsan Jahan Bhuiyan | Md Hasan Monsur | Abdullah Hel Shafi | Most.Jafrun Nessa | Mariya Tabassum CN | Dr. Daryl Brydie | Zamadi Uz (2026). 4(1) 59–65.

  The growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical services has brought with it some potent clinical decision tools diagnostic tools and patient monitoring tools. Nevertheless the complexity of most AI systems especially deep learning methods casts doubt over the safety of patients and stakeholder confidence in clinics and the law. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has become a highly important measure to overcome these issues by offering clear interpretable and understandable explanations of AI-based decisions. The paper discusses how XAI systems can be used to improve patient safety and improve clinical accountability in a health care setting. It explores the role of explainability in helping clinicians to justify AI recommendations detect possible errors or biases and gain more confidence in their decisions. Moreover the paper explains XAI implications on regulatory compliance ethical governance and medico-legal responsibility. Through the incorporation of explainable mechanisms in clinical AI systems healthcare facilities can enable trust and improve patient outcomes with greater accuracy and create more transparent accountability units. The results emphasize XAI as the basis of responsible and sustainable implementation of AI technologies in the contemporary healthcare systems.
• High-Concentration Re-Esterified Triglyceride EPA+DHA Fish Oil: Formulation Characterization and Clinical Evidence for Triglyceride Homeostasis. Sow, Anas Ziraoui | Amina Diallo | Amadou (2026). 3(9) 145–150.

  "Concentrated marine omega-3 products must retain polyunsaturated fatty acids during processing and deliver them in a form suitable for oral use. We characterized a mackerel-derived re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) fish oil developed as the BCLC® high-concentration EPA+DHA platform. Formulation measurements were considered together with published human evidence on triglyceride lowering. The process used low-temperature antioxidant pretreatment, enzymatic oil release under nitrogen, pH-salt demulsification, ceramic-membrane clarification, ethanolysis, two-stage molecular distillation and immobilized-lipase re-esterification. Final oils contained 68.9-71.4% EPA+DHA and 81.7-84.0% triglyceride-type lipids; residual ethyl esters were 7.9-10.6% and TOTOX values were 15.0-17.0. In the optimized reference process, EPA+DHA rose from 28.1% in refined mackerel oil to 72.8% in enriched ethyl esters and measured 70.6% after rTG conversion. Human trials report triglyceride reductions with gram-level EPA+DHA, and rTG formulations have produced efficient omega-3 incorporation. Across randomized trials, the response varies with dose, baseline triglycerides and background lipid therapy. These formulation characteristics allow high-concentration rTG EPA+DHA to be evaluated at defined exposures for triglyceride and lipid homeostasis. "
• Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin-Enriched Maritime Pine Bark Microcapsules Modulate Melanogenesis-Related Endpoints: Evidence for Pigmentation Balance and Skin-Tone Uniformity. Bennett, Bougrain Mouad | Henry Lawson | Lucas (2026). 3(9) 151–156.

  Melanogenesis is influenced by α-MSH signaling, oxidative stress and communication between melanocytes and neighboring skin cells. We tested a BCLC maritime pine bark microcapsule enriched in DP2-DP6 oligomeric proanthocyanidins in an α-MSH-stimulated B16-F10 model and compared the experimental endpoints with published human pigmentation studies. The reference BCLC material contained 62.4% DP2-DP6 within total proanthocyanidins. At 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL, relative melanin content was 91.6%, 84.7% and 78.9% of the α-MSH model; tyrosinase activity was 93.5%, 88.6% and 82.5%, and cell viability remained 93.8-97.8%. Human research with French maritime pine bark extract includes a randomized crossover study of seasonal skin darkening, a randomized placebo-controlled melasma study that measured mMASI and colorimetric contrast, and a randomized study of age-spot pigmentation. A 2026 pilot using a combined Pycnogenol-pomegranate product also reported lower melanin index and higher L* values. The cell data and the established clinical measurement methods support BCLC-specific testing of pigmentation balance and skin-tone uniformity.
• Male Reproductive Nutrition in a Stabilized Black Maca-Oyster Oligopeptide Composite Premix: Human Semen Evidence for Maca and Zinc-Related Context. Fletcher, Yassine Igoundaz | Ryan Cooper | Owen (2026). 3(9) 157–162.

  Male-reproductive nutrition is easier to interpret when the delivered botanical and micronutrient exposures are defined. We characterized a stabilized NVTIA® black maca-oyster oligopeptide premix and compared its composition with human evidence on semen outcomes for maca and zinc-containing interventions. Black maca extract and oyster oligopeptide represented 27.7% and 26.7% of the dry premix, respectively; the formulation also contained L-citrulline, taurine and yeast zinc. After oyster-peptide pre-embedding and post-mixing of black maca, total macamide retention was 88.8% after three months of accelerated storage. A 1 g/day reference intake supplied approximately 277 mg black maca extract, 267 mg oyster oligopeptide and 5 mg elemental zinc. In a 12-week randomized pilot using 1.75 g/day maca, semen measures increased numerically within the maca group but did not differ significantly from placebo. A later randomized trial in 69 men with mild asthenozoospermia and/or oligozoospermia used 2 g/day maca and reported higher sperm concentration than placebo (15.04±5.61 vs 10.16±3.59; P=0.011), with no significant group differences in semen volume, motility or morphology. Zinc trials also differ by population: combined folate-zinc increased total normal sperm count in an earlier study, whereas a large 2020 infertility-treatment trial found no improvement in semen quality or live birth. The formulation data establish stable macamide and zinc delivery; the human literature indicates that future complete-premix studies should prespecify the male population, baseline nutritional status and individual semen endpoints.
• Errors and Complications During Endodontic Treatment. qizi, Kholboyeva Nasiba Asrorovna | Kholboyeva Nasiba Asrorovna | Davronova Nigora Valijon (2026). 4(1) 35–39.

  Endodontic treatment is a fundamental dental procedure aimed at preserving natural teeth affected by pulpal and periapical pathologies. Despite significant advancements in diagnostic tools instrumentation systems and treatment protocols errors and complications during endodontic therapy remain prevalent and represent a major cause of treatment failure. This comprehensive scientific article analyzes the types causes clinical manifestations and consequences of errors and complications occurring during various stages of endodontic treatment including diagnosis access cavity preparation working length determination cleaning and shaping irrigation obturation and post-treatment restoration. Emphasis is placed on iatrogenic factors anatomical complexities operator-related variables and material-related issues. Preventive strategies modern technological solutions and evidence-based management approaches are discussed in detail to enhance clinical outcomes and long-term tooth survival.
• Stabilized Hirudin Activity and Unit-Dose Uniformity in a Dry Premix: Translational Evidence from Venous Thrombosis and Thromboembolism Trials. Handayani, Anas Ziraoui | Priya Nair | Putri (2026). 3(9) 163–167.

  Recombinant hirudins have been tested clinically in the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism. We evaluated the activity retention and unit-dose performance of a low-water-activity hirudin premix, then reviewed randomized evidence from deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) treatment and postoperative prophylaxis. Optimized BCLC® premixes retained 90.6-92.1% antithrombin activity. Activity-distribution RSD was 3.8-4.7%, and capsule fill-weight RSD was 2.9-3.4%. Removal of staged protective mixing or humidity control increased variability and reduced retention. In parenteral studies, subcutaneous recombinant hirudin was compared with intravenous heparin in acute lower-limb DVT. After hip replacement, desirudin reduced confirmed DVT relative to unfractionated heparin (7% vs 23%) and major thromboembolic events relative to enoxaparin (4.9% vs 7.6%). These trials describe systemic hirudin pharmacology; the premix results describe the manufacturing controls required before oral exposure can be studied.
• A Stable Lycopene–Micronutrient Matrix for Male Reproductive Nutrition: Formulation Characterization and Human Evidence on Sperm Quality. AGI (2026). 3(9) 168–172.

  Oxidative conditions around sperm cells and the availability of several micronutrients are relevant to membrane integrity, motility and morphology. We examined the formulation performance of the BCLC® low-moisture, lycopene-centered multinutrient tablet and reviewed human evidence most directly related to its reproductive-nutrition rationale. The daily two-tablet dose supplies 4.5–5.5 mg lycopene, 9.5–10.5 mg zinc, 28–32 μg selenium, vitamin C 75–85 mg, vitamin E 10–13 mg, folic acid 180–220 μg, vitamin D3, B vitamins, taurine and pumpkin seed extract. After accelerated storage, lycopene retention was 89.6%, the optimized tablet had the lowest appearance color change (ΔE 2.3) among the tested formulations, and lycopene content RSD was 3.8%. Randomized studies of lactolycopene or lycopene at 14–25 mg/day have reported changes in selected sperm-motility, morphology or oxidative-stress endpoints, while the large MOXI multicomponent trial found no broad improvement in semen or pregnancy outcomes. The formulation data define a stable exposure platform for testing discrete semen-quality and redox endpoints with the complete BCLC® matrix.
• Concentration-Dependent Ionic and Macromolecular Reorganization in Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Curcumin Systems. A.I., Shukurova G.A. | Yo’ldoshov Sh.A. | Shukurov (2026). 3(9) 173–184.

  Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) is a water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte whose macromolecular organization is highly sensitive to solvent composition, ionic environment, and interactions with low-molecular-weight compounds. In this study, concentration-dependent physicochemical reorganization of NaCMC/curcumin (CUR) systems was investigated using solvent-controlled conductometry and viscometry. Curcumin was introduced into aqueous NaCMC as a DMSO solution, and an independently measured NaCMC/DMSO system was used to discriminate CUR-associated effects from dilution and mixed-solvent effects. Progressive addition of DMSO alone produced a smooth nonlinear decrease in conductivity, whereas the CUR-containing system exhibited a pronounced discontinuity between 22.5 and 23.0 mL of CUR/DMSO addition, where conductivity decreased from 600.1 to 264.7 μS cm-1 (-55.9%), followed by a reversal of the conductivity trend. The absence of an analogous transition in the DMSO control indicates that the discontinuity cannot be explained by solvent dilution alone and is consistent with the onset of a CUR-associated cooperative ionic/supramolecular reorganization within the coupled NaCMC/water/DMSO environment. Viscometric measurements further demonstrated a composition-dependent decrease in the hydrodynamic response of NaCMC upon CUR incorporation, indicating reorganization at the macromolecular level. Importantly, the observed conductivity and viscosity changes are interpreted as multicomponent responses involving solvent reorganization, ion solvation and counterion mobility, polymer hydration, macromolecular rearrangement, and CUR-dependent association rather than as evidence for a single fixed-stoichiometry NaCMC/CUR complex. These results establish a physicochemical framework in which curcumin incorporation induces coupled ionic and macromolecular reorganization of NaCMC and highlight the importance of solvent-matched controls for mechanistic interpretation of polysaccharide-polyphenol systems.
• Esotropia in Douin Syndrome and Ways to Improve the Results of Surgical Treatment. Ilkhomovich, Boboev Saidavzal Abdurakhmanovich | Khidirov Begzod (2026). 4(1) 69–73.

  This article presents an extensive study on the clinical features of esotropia in Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) and the optimization of surgical approaches aimed at improving ocular alignment reducing abnormal head posture and enhancing binocular function. Duane syndrome a congenital ocular motility disorder characterized by co-contraction of the medial and lateral rectus muscles often leads to esotropic deviation due to mechanical and innervational anomalies. The research analyzes various surgical techniques including medial rectus recession lateral rectus resection and transposition procedures assessing their efficacy safety and postoperative outcomes. The study also emphasizes the importance of individualized surgical planning based on the type of DRS degree of esotropia limitation of abduction and presence of globe retraction or up/downshoots. Findings indicate that a tailored minimally invasive surgical approach combined with precise preoperative evaluation and long-term follow-up significantly improves functional and cosmetic outcomes. The research provides an evidence-based framework for enhancing surgical correction in patients with Duane syndrome-associated esotropia. This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of esotropia associated with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) and explores advanced surgical approaches aimed at improving alignment reducing abnormal head posture and restoring binocular function. Duane syndrome is a congenital ocular motility disorder resulting from aberrant innervation of the lateral rectus muscle by branches of the oculomotor nerve leading to limited abduction globe retraction and esotropic deviation in the primary gaze position. The research emphasizes individualized surgical strategies such as graded medial rectus recession lateral rectus transposition and Y splitting procedures to address the unique pathophysiology of the syndrome. Through detailed preoperative assessment and postoperative follow-up the study demonstrates that tailored minimally invasive interventions significantly enhance ocular alignment improve motility and achieve superior functional and aesthetic outcomes. The findings support a patient-specific anatomically informed approach as essential for achieving stable and long-lasting results in the management of esotropic Duane syndrome.
• Evaluating the Efficiency of Emergency Response System During Disaster Incidents in Niger State Nigeria. Ibrahim, M. A. (2026). 4(1) 7–14.

  Despite the presence of state emergency management agency in Niger State there are still challenges in emergency response which hinders the efficiency and effectiveness of disaster recovery. Without efficient response system emergency agencies may struggle to make informed decisions and coordinate response efforts effectively. The effectiveness of disaster recovery efforts during disaster incidents relies on the availability accessibility and utilization of accurate and timely response by emergency management agencies. Additionally inadequate evaluation can lead to delays in disaster recovery miscommunication among agencies and ultimately hinder the achievement of disaster management goals. In recent time disaster related risk have been exacerbated by climate change and this has impacted progress toward sustainable development. Although the Niger state government has worked assiduously to strengthen her disaster risk management strategy by establishing Niger State Emergency Management Agency (NSEMA). It is hitherto regrettable that such idea has not yielded such progress as event continue to threaten the existence wellbeing and safety of the population. It is disheartening that the State has continually experience humanitarian emergency and catastrophes on an ever increasing scale and frequency and it has become so difficult for the affected persons and community to adsorb and recover from the impact created by these disasters. Therefore it has been observed that disasters signal the failure of a society to adapt successfully to certain features of its natural and socially constructed environment in a sustainable fashion. In view of the foregoing the study concludes that there is need for the state to improve its effort at creating sustainable measures that will help protect its citizens from natural and man-made disasters and also have a walkable data base that can be used to assess the damage caused by disaster and proffer avoidable solutions proactively. The study suggested that the state government should as a matter of utmost urgency constitute a body of experts in disaster risk management for the purpose of mitigating the effect of this disasters that has become a recurring decima in the state.
• Micronutrient Stability and Energy-Related Functional Context of a Multivitamin–Mineral Single-Layer Tablet. Hayashi, Anas Ziraoui | Laila Fitriani | Toma (2026). 3(9) 185–190.

  We studied a segmented-premixing, single-layer multivitamin–mineral tablet as a delivery system for micronutrients involved in energy metabolism and fatigue-related physiology. The representative tablet combined vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin, pantothenate, biotin, folate and vitamin C with an iron source. Total-blend RSD was 3.9% for folate and 4.6% for B12. After three months of accelerated storage, retention was 85.1% for folic acid, 83.7% for vitamin C and 85.4% for vitamin B1. Randomized placebo-controlled studies in healthy adults have reported changes in selected measures of fatigue, vigour, physical stamina and performance during demanding tasks after multivitamin/mineral or B-vitamin-rich supplementation. Responses were not uniform across populations, baseline nutritional states or formulations. The formulation data justify tablet-specific studies of perceived energy, fatigue and functional performance under defined nutritional conditions.
• Interrelation Between Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases and Bronchial Asthma: Pathogenetic Parallels and Treatment Tactics. Y.N., Makhkamova O.A. | Daminova N.R. | Mirobidova (2026). 4(1) 113–115.

  The article examines the mechanisms of the relationship between bronchial asthma and chronic periodontitis. The authors analyze common immuno-inflammatory links of pathogenesis the impact of inhalation therapy on oral health and the clinical features of periodontitis progression in the context of comorbid pathology. Ways to optimize complex treatment based on an interdisciplinary approach are proposed.
• Fatty Liver in a Group of Iraqi Children. Ahmed, Dr. Bashar Khaleel Ibrahim | Dr. Liqaa Qahtan Ismael | Dr. Khalid Jamal (2026). 4(1) 40–48.

  The fatty liver disease (FLD) among children is increasingly being accepted as a severe comorbidity which is often linked with metabolic and endocrine pathologies. The aim of the research was to characterize the clinical prognosis of a child group of patients with FLD and more precisely to evaluate the correlations between the metabolic control liver injury biomarkers and non-invasive fibrosis index. The study was performed as a cross-sectional study involving 39 children with FLD. The data obtained were demographic comorbidity primary diagnosis and significant laboratory parameters (platelets ALT AST and HbA1c). Also established was the AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) as a non-invasive method for assessing hepatic fibrosis. In order to characterize data statistically the descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were employed to estimate the relationship among the clinical variables (age BMI laboratory values and APRI scores).
• A Study of the Effect of Dietary Supplement Use in Bodybuilders and Its Relationship to Liver Function and Some Physiological and Biochemical Variables. Ali, Asmaa Ismael Hussein | Wassan Kareem Ahmed | Aysha Abdelhai Taha | Mareb Ahmed Shawkat | Wedyan Muhi (2026). 3(9) 191–202.

  Background: The improved physical performance of bodybuilders following supplement use was associated with changes in laboratory indices. Although these supplements are sometimes associated with both positive and negative effects. Aims of study: to evaluated effects of several regularly consumed supplements in bodybuilders on the liver function and some physiological and biochemical characteristics. Materials and Methods: Ninety male volunteers were divided into three groups for the study. The first group was made up of male bodybuilders who use creatine supplements. The second group consists of bodybuilders who use Whey protein supplements. Those that don't engage in bodybuilding comprise the third group, referred to as the control group. the serum to assess liver function, including AST (GOT) and ALT (GPT) estimations. Additionally, a range of hormones, including testosterone, LH, and FSH, were measured using the Chemistry Analyzer Smart-150 apparatus (GenoTEK, USA) and commercial kits (Biolab, France) for the lipid profile test. The levels of MDA in the serum were evaluated using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method developed by Buege and Aust. As well as The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) was measured using Ellman’s technique, as described by Ellman in 1959. Results: The supplemental assessment revealed a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.03), with whey protein users having higher mean values (28.3 ± 4.2) compared to creatine users (16.7 ± 1.8). In a similar vein, blood pressure varied significantly between the study groups (P = 0.02), with the whey protein group having the highest mean value (13.7 ± 0.8), followed by the creatine group (12.8 ± 0.6), and the control group (10.3 ± 0.4). The mean diGOTolic blood pressure values for the whey creatine, protein, and control groups were 8.2±0.5, 7.9±0.3, and 8.7±0.4, respectively. Conclusion: Findings indicate that bodybuilding supplementation, particularly with whey protein and creatine, is associated with significant alterations in several biochemical and hormonal parameters compared with the control group. Supplementation is associated with measurable changes in liver function, lipid metabolism, hormonal profile, and oxidative stress, with distinct effects observed between whey protein and creatine users. Careful monitoring of supplement intake, dosage, and duration is recommended to minimize potential adverse metabolic effects.
• Study of the Therapeutic Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Salmonella Enterica Bacteria in the Liver Tissues of Infected Rats. Alwan, Asmaa Abdulkareem (2026). 3(9) 203–209.

  The aim of the study was to demonstrate Fe2O3 nanoparticles' antibacterial efficacy against Salmonella enterica. The present study was split into two parts, first in vitro which involved sensitivity test of salmonella enterica against Fe2o3NPs. In the second part (in vivo) used 30 albino Rats Mus musculus with weight ranged (160-180) gm. Divided in six groups, (each group consist five rats) as follow: First group: Control group feeding standard diet. Second group: Rats that received an intravenous injection of 1.5 x 108 germs were killed ten days after infection. Third group: Rats that were injected intravenously with 1.5 x 108 bacteria. Then, they were treated for 10 days with 3,2 mg/ml Fe3O2NPs (orally) and killed. Forth group: Rats that were intravenously (intra-venously) injected with 1.5 x 108 bacteria.Forth group: Rats injected intravenously (intra-venously) with 1.5 x 108 bacteria. Then treated with 4.2mg/ml Fe3O2NPs- orally for 10 days and then killed. Five group: Rats fed with 3.2 mg/mlFe2O3NPs orally for 10 days followed by being sacrificed. Six group: Rats were fed orally with Fe2O3NPs at 4.2 mg/ml per day for 10 days and the rats were killed. Many changes were observed in liver tissue of adult mice generally, including infiltration of inflammatory cells in large number forming mass of inflammatory nodules, which are the histological changes. Congestion and hemolysis in must blood vessels. N different stages of necrosis are seen in the nuclei and kupffer cells are present in large numbers in relation to the presence of megakaryocytes and necrosis of the cuboidal cells lining the bile canleculi.
• Features of the Intestinal Microbiota of Premature Infants with Gastrointestinal Enteropathy in the Early Neonatal Period. Pazlidinovna, Sadikova Muhabbatbonu (2026). 4(1) 53–58.

  The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the maturation of the immune system and gastrointestinal function in newborns particularly in premature infants. In the early neonatal period preterm infants are highly vulnerable to gastrointestinal enteropathy due to immaturity of the intestinal barrier altered microbial colonization and exposure to intensive medical interventions. This study explores the features of intestinal microbiota composition in premature infants diagnosed with gastrointestinal enteropathy during the early neonatal period. Special attention is given to the imbalance between beneficial and opportunistic microorganisms reduced microbial diversity and the predominance of pathogenic bacteria. In the context of Uzbekistan where the prevalence of premature births remains a significant public health concern understanding microbiota-related mechanisms is essential for improving neonatal outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of early microbiota modulation strategies including breastfeeding support and probiotic use to prevent severe gastrointestinal complications in premature infants.
• Glyceride-Type DHA-Enriched Schizochytrium Oil and Retinal Nutrition: Human Evidence Across Visual Development and Ocular Health. Blake, Bougrain Mouad | Patrick O’Neill | Hunter (2026). 3(9) 210–214.

  DHA is a major retinal membrane fatty acid, with the clearest supplementation evidence coming from periods of rapid visual development. We characterized a BCLC glyceride-type DHA-enriched Schizochytrium oil and compared its formulation profile with controlled human evidence on visual maturation and ocular endpoints. Representative batches contained 46.2-51.8% DHA and 93.4-95.1% glyceride components, with low free fatty acids, <0.2% fatty acid ethyl esters and controlled oxidation indices. Infant trials show that DHA supply can influence visual-acuity maturation in selected settings, whereas prenatal studies and later-life ocular trials are more heterogeneous. The formulation therefore provides a defined algal-DHA lipid matrix for ocular studies in which life stage and endpoint are specified in advance.
• Health Risk Analysis and Source Apportionment of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediment in Aluu River. E., Nwoke I. B. | Harrison (2026). 4(1) 116–139.

  This study focuses on the health risk analysis and source apportionment of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediment in Aluu River. The objectives were to quantify and characterize PAH concentrations determine the sources of these contaminants and the health risks associated with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from multiple locations along the Aluu River using standard sampling protocols. PAHs were extracted and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. Source apportionment was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) while ecological and human health risk assessments were performed using hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR) models. PAHs were detected in both water and sediment with total concentrations ranging from 3.33 to 6.41 µg/L in water and 22.33 to 31.00 µg/kg in sediments. High molecular weight PAHs (HPAHs) predominated suggesting pyrogenic sources. Health risk assessments indicated elevated HQs for several carcinogenic PAHs such as chrysene benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene. The total cancer risk from PAHs in surface water ranged from 0.039 to 0.090 significantly above the acceptable threshold (1.0 × 10⁻⁶) indicating potential long-term health concerns. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified distinct pollution sources for PAHs including industrial discharge combustion activities and urban runoff. The findings demonstrate significant contamination of the Aluu River by PAHs with sediment acting as a major sink for these pollutants. The dominance of high-risk carcinogenic PAHs coupled with elevated health risk indices indicates potential long-term ecological degradation and serious public health concerns for populations dependent on the river. Establishment of a long-term environmental monitoring program to track PAHs trends and evaluate effectiveness of mitigation strategies is recommended
• Preserving Probiotic Viability to Support Microbiota-SCFA Function: A Low-Water-Activity Five-Strain Synbiotic Formulation. Fraser, Yassine Jabar | Stanley Price | Ewan (2026). 3(9) 215–220.

  A fermentation-oriented synbiotic has two immediate formulation requirements: the probiotic cells must remain viable during storage, and enough cells must survive gastrointestinal exposure to encounter fermentable substrate. We characterized a 3.0-g BALIMONT five-strain powder produced by separate premixing and low-humidity post-blending. Water activity was 0.21, moisture 4.3% and 12-month viable-cell retention 69.8%. Simulated-digestion survival was 60.5%, compared with 46.2% after direct blending and 44.6% after premature contact with sensitive components. In the in vitro fermentation model, relative SCFA production was normalized to 1.00 for the optimized powder and measured 0.66 and 0.68 for the two comparators. Human trials of inulin-type fructans, FOS, resistant fermentable substrates and L. plantarum-containing interventions show reproducible changes in selected microbiota features, whereas fecal SCFA concentrations and metabolic outcomes vary with substrate and host phenotype. Multispecies synbiotic trials demonstrate that human SCFA endpoints can change under defined conditions. The formulation data therefore establish a delivery-controlled platform for direct studies that measure strain persistence, community composition, fecal and circulating SCFAs and related host responses together.
• A Low-Water-Activity Five-Strain Synbiotic Matrix for Gut Microbiota Support: Formulation Performance and Human Evidence. Morris, Yassine Jabar | Tanner Phillips | Lincoln (2026). 3(9) 221–225.

  Delivery is the first practical constraint in any oral probiotic study. We examined a BALIMONT five-strain probiotic-prebiotic powder containing Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Levilactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus gasseri, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus acidilactici together with antioxidant nutrients, plant/fruit polyphenols and a prebiotic carrier. The representative 3.0-g sachet contained approximately 2.0×10¹⁰ CFU at preparation. With staged premixing and low-temperature, low-humidity post-blending, water activity was 0.21 and moisture was 4.2%. After 12 months, viable-cell retention was 70.4% and polyphenol retention was 84.6%; 61.7% of viable cells remained after sequential simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. We compared these formulation findings with human studies of probiotic mixtures, inulin-type fructans and synbiotic interventions. The clinical literature shows reproducible changes in selected microbial taxa and, in some populations, microbial-metabolite, immune or functional endpoints. The formulation data therefore define a stable starting dose for direct microbiome testing, while the human studies identify the outcomes and responder variables that are most useful to measure.
• Integrating Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning and Molecular Sciences in Biomedical Research: Applications in Laboratory Medicine Cancer Biology and Public Health. Mia, Moin Uddin Patwary | Raihan (2026). 4(1) 101–112.

  Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are rapidly transforming biomedical research offering novel solutions to longstanding challenges in laboratory medicine cancer biology molecular sciences drug discovery and public health. These technologies enable the analysis of vast complex datasets facilitating pattern recognition predictive modeling and data integration at scales beyond human capability. In laboratory medicine AI and ML enhance diagnostic accuracy automate repetitive processes reduce errors and shorten turnaround times while supporting decision-making through intelligent data interpretation. In cancer biology machine learning models integrate genomic proteomic imaging and clinical data to predict disease progression therapeutic response and patient outcomes advancing precision oncology. Similarly AI applications in molecular sciences including molecular pathology and allergen classification improve disease categorization and personalized treatment strategies. In drug discovery AI accelerates compound screening predicts drug-target interactions and supports rational design of therapeutics exemplified by technologies such as AlphaFold which accurately models protein structures. Public health also benefits from AI-driven predictive modeling for outbreak detection risk stratification and resource optimization. Despite these advancements challenges remain including the need for high-quality representative datasets algorithm validation ethical considerations data privacy and workforce training. Interdisciplinary collaboration among clinicians researchers data scientists and policymakers is essential to ensure responsible and effective implementation. Looking forward AI and ML are poised to redefine biomedical research enabling data-driven insights personalized medicine and improved healthcare outcomes provided that technical ethical and regulatory challenges are addressed.
• Menaquinone-7 Retention in Whole-Soybean Natto Fermentation Powder: A Formulation Framework for Vitamin-K-Dependent Bone Metabolism. Kennedy, Yassine Igounda | Hugo Wallace | Aiden (2026). 3(9) 226–231.

  Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is a long-chain vitamin K2 form produced during natto fermentation and directly participates in vitamin-K-dependent γ-carboxylation of osteocalcin. We characterized MK-7 retention in a whole-soybean natto powder produced by controlled solid-state fermentation, low-temperature post-ripening, low-temperature drying and temperature-limited pulverization. Three optimized process conditions contained 26.8-48.5 μg MK-7/g together with 1.52-2.62% γ-PGA and 1,160-1,680 FU/g nattokinase. Human studies span a useful sequence of endpoints. Natto feeding increased circulating MK-7 and carboxylated osteocalcin [1], and a one-year natto exposure study in premenopausal women changed bone-formation markers [2]. Longitudinal Japanese data linked habitual natto intake with more favorable BMD change at selected sites [3]. In early postmenopausal women, 360 μg/day MK-7 improved osteocalcin carboxylation without changing one-year bone-loss rates [4]. A three-year trial of 180 μg/day reported less decline at selected skeletal sites [5]. In osteopenic women receiving calcium and vitamin D, 375 μg/day produced a marked osteocalcin response and a one-year tibial microarchitecture signal [6], but the three-year analysis did not show significant between-group BMD or microarchitecture differences [7]. The NVTIA® matrix therefore offers a measured MK-7 exposure that can be linked first to osteocalcin carboxylation and then, where appropriate, to longer-term skeletal endpoints.
• Legal Implications and Liability Issues of Artificial Intelligence (AI)–Based Corporate Decision-Making Models. ugli, Buriev Khamidjon Tulkin (2026). 4(1) 10–15.

  This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of artificial intelligence in decision-making within corporations. Within the scope of the study the use of AI systems in corporate governance processes their impact on efficiency and the resulting legal risks are examined. In particular it addresses issues such as determining liability in cases where decisions involving AI cause harm algorithmic errors differences between humans and artificial intelligence the legal consequences of decisions made by AI and related accountability. Additionally based on international experience a comparative corporate analysis has been conducted and legislative recommendations have been developed in the conclusion.
• Non-governmental Non-profit Organizations in Central Asian Countries Development Dynamics. Kazimjonovich, Mirkamilov Anvarjon (2026). 4(1) 38–48.

  This paper explores the dynamic evolution of non-governmental non-profit organizations (NGOs) in Central Asia particularly focusing on the development of these organizations in Uzbekistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan. Following their independence from the Soviet Union these countries have experienced varying trajectories in the formation of civil society institutions influenced by their political regimes legal frameworks and international cooperation. The development process of NGOs in Uzbekistan has seen significant growth supported by governmental reforms and the establishment of institutional infrastructures like NGO Houses. Conversely in Tajikistan and Turkmenistan the NGO sector faces stricter state control limiting their independence and political activities. This paper analyzes the stages of NGO development in these countries highlighting both successes and challenges and argues for context-based approaches to strengthen civil society in the region taking into account the different political landscapes. The findings underscore the critical role of NGOs in fostering democratic practices addressing social issues and contributing to the overall socio-economic development of Central Asian nations.
• Agentic AI in der Unternehmenspraxis: Vom Werkzeug zum Akteur. Li, Mahei Manhai; Reinhard, Philipp; Leimeister, Jan Marco (2026).

  Künstliche Intelligenz entwickelt sich von einfacher Automatisierung und Inhaltsgenerierung hin zu Systemen, die komplexe Ziele über heterogene Unternehmenslandschaften hinweg verfolgen. Ermöglicht durch Fortschritte bei generativer künstlicher Intelligenz, großen Sprachmodellen, dem Erlernen und Nutzen von Werkzeugen sowie großen Aktionsmodellen entstehen in Forschung und Praxis sogenannte Agentic-AI-Systeme. Trotz des wachsenden Interesses bleibt offen, ob sich der Begriff auf einzelne Agenten, auf Verbünde interagierender Agenten oder auf eine eigenständige Systemklasse bezieht. Der vorliegende Grundlagenbeitrag entwickelt eine fähigkeitsbasierte Begriffsbestimmung der Agentic AI und ordnet sie in die langjährige Forschung zu autonomen Agenten und Multi-Agenten-Systemen ein. Wir bestimmen Agentic AI über sechs Kernfähigkeiten – Ziele, Umgebungsinteraktion, Schlussfolgern, Gedächtnis, Werkzeuge und Handeln – und unterscheiden agentische Systeme erster Ordnung (einzelne KI-Agenten) von Systemen zweiter Ordnung (Kollaboration mehrerer Agenten). Auf dieser Grundlage grenzen wir agentenbasierte Workflows von herkömmlichen und nicht-agentenbasierten Workflows ab und erläutern zentrale Architekturmuster. Abschließend leiten wir Implikationen für die Praxis ab, die Gestaltung und Einführung, agentenbasierte Workflows und Prozessmanagement, Governance, die Zusammenarbeit von Mensch und Agent sowie Plattform-Ökosysteme betreffen. Der Beitrag bietet Fach- und Führungskräften eine strukturierte Grundlage, um Agentic AI einzuordnen, Potenziale zu bewerten und den verantwortungsvollen Einsatz im Unternehmen zu gestalten.
• The Prevention and Punishment of Sexual Crimes Against Minors. oglu, Usmanov Saidyusuf Saydolim (2026). 4(1) 67–69.

  This article outlines measures to reliably protect the rights freedoms and legitimate interests of women and children how to prevent sexual violence against minors measures of accountability against minors and rules for maintaining a register of perpetrators of sexual violence against minors.
• Assessment of Development Control Measures in the Federal Housing Estate Uyo Akwa Ibom State. John, Udoibeh Nsikak (2026). 4(1) 57–66.

  Development control serves as the backbone of any nation as it shapes the development pattern and arrangement to achieve aesthetics convenience and economy. This study assessed the development control measures in Uyo federal housing estate Akwa Ibom State. The sampling technique employed was the purposive sampling technique. The data was gotten from residents of the federal housing estate through the administration of 319 questionnaire. The interpretation of data and the analyses were carried out through the use of tables and the result showed that measures and strategy adopted by the planning authority in carrying out development control were very effective and significant as it has curbed substandard and incompatible developments. Also the study identified several factors that significantly affected the effectiveness of development control within the study area which could be addressed through collaborative efforts of government and developers. Based on findings it is proposed that adequate mechanism should be initiated to accommodate more personnel and appreciable funding to the planning authority for efficient and improve development control activities in the estate.
• Cryptography-Based Digital Wallet for Secure Transactions and Blockchain Integration. Fahadhu, N. Selvam | M. Mohamed Thariq | A. Mohamed (2026). 4(1) 28–46.

  As more and more people use digital finance it has become clear that transactions need to be handled via safe decentralised and open platforms. This project is a digital wallet that uses cryptography and blockchain technology. The backend is built with Flask the frontend is built with HTML/CSS and the data is handled with JSON. The goal is to show how to use the basic ideas of cryptography and distributed ledger technology to make a safe place to do business. SHA 256 is a secure hash method that encrypts transaction data in a way that can't be reversed. Proof of-Work (PoW) is a consensus mechanism that checks and adds new blocks to the blockchain. These two things make sure that the data is correct and authentic. Each transaction is checked mined and saved in a block. This block is then cryptographically connected to the previous block making a chain that can't be changed. Some important functions are processing user transactions mining blocks validating the blockchain in real time and stopping double-spending. Users can create identities start transactions and simulate mining processes through the wallet interface all while using a safe and open blockchain network. This project shows how decentralised systems work by mixing blockchain physics with a real-world web-based application. It also shows how important they are for the future of digital security and financial infrastructure.
• Enhancing the Efficiency of Project Management Models in it Infrastructure Modernization in Government and Large Organizations. Nusratullaev, Abrorjon (2026). 4(1) 72–75.

  Modernization of IT infrastructure in government and large organizations is crucial for improving operational efficiency digital transformation and organizational competitiveness. This paper examines the role of project management models in optimizing the planning execution and monitoring of IT modernization initiatives. A comparative analysis of traditional agile and hybrid project management methodologies is conducted emphasizing their suitability in various organizational contexts. The study highlights that effective project governance risk management and stakeholder engagement significantly influence project success. Empirical evidence from regional and international case studies demonstrates that integrated project management frameworks reduce implementation time lower operational costs and improve alignment with strategic objectives. Additionally the study explores how modern IT infrastructure enhances interdepartmental collaboration supports digital services and enables data-driven decision-making. Recommendations include the adoption of agile principles for iterative deployment stakeholder-centered planning and real-time performance monitoring. The findings are particularly relevant to public sector agencies and large-scale enterprises where system complexity and regulatory requirements pose significant challenges. By linking IT infrastructure modernization with project management efficiency this research provides actionable strategies for policymakers IT managers and project teams to achieve reliable scalable and adaptable systems while ensuring timely delivery and cost-effectiveness.
• Innovative Technologies for Developing Mediation Competence in Future Teachers Based on The Communicative Approach. Xusanboyevna, Muqimova Dilbarxon (2026). 4(1) 81–84.

  This article examines the essence and essential structural components of developing mediation competence in future teachers based on the communicative approach as well as innovative pedagogical technologies aimed at enhancing this competence. The paper also highlights the significance of mediation activity in the educational process and proposes practical methods for developing mediation competence in the training of modern pedagogical professionals.
• Modern Art Natural Fundamentals. kizi, Mahkamova Khadichabonu Muhiddin (2026). 4(1) 47–49.

  This article analyzes the sources of formation of modern art and aspects that significantly influence the change in the current worldview. In addition the role of new innovative art in society replacing traditional styles and values of art its negative and strange manifestations are studied.
• Population Distribution and Ethnic Processes in the Territory of Uzbekistan During the Primitive Communal Period. Ravshanbekovna, Palvanova Aziza (2026). 4(1) 53–56.

  This article examines the spatial limits of population distribution and the development of early ethnic processes in the territory of present-day Uzbekistan during the primitive communal period. The study is based on the analysis of archaeological geographical and historical sources and applies a historical–geographical and comparative approach. The results show that early human settlement was concentrated mainly in river valleys and foothill zones with favorable ecological conditions while deserts and high mountain areas were only seasonally used. Migration and cultural interaction played a central role in shaping early cultural identities and social differentiation.
• Poverty and Human Development in India: A Study of Basic Socioeconomic Indicators. Gandhey, Revati | Dipank (2026). 4(1) 106–117.

  This study examines the relationship between poverty and human development in India through selected basic socioeconomic indicators. It moves beyond a narrow income-based view of poverty and adopts a broader perspective that includes education health living conditions employment consumption and human development outcomes. The study is based on secondary data drawn from trusted sources such as NITI Aayog NFHS-5 PLFS 2023–24 HCES 2023–24 Census 2011 and UNDP. The findings show a clear decline in multidimensional poverty in India between 2015–16 and 2019–21 with a sharper reduction in rural areas. At the same time the data reveal important progress in household amenities such as electricity drinking water and iodized salt usage. However major disparities continue in sanitation clean cooking fuel education health and employment especially between rural and urban areas and between men and women. Rural India shows higher fertility and mortality rates while urban India records higher consumption expenditure and better educational outcomes. The state-wise correlation analysis further shows a negative association between multidimensional poverty and monthly per capita consumption expenditure particularly rural MPCE. The study concludes that although India has made noticeable progress in reducing poverty and improving human development persistent inequalities in access opportunity and living conditions continue to limit inclusive development.
• Prospects for the Application of Innovative Technologies in the Provision of Digital Services in Uzbekistan. Nargiza, Bababekova (2026). 4(1) 50–52.

  The digital services sector in Uzbekistan has become one of the most important drivers of economic development in recent years. The acceleration of digitalization processes is expanding the scope of services in such areas as public administration telecommunications finance education and healthcare increasing their speed and quality. In particular the introduction of innovative technologies is replacing traditional service delivery models with data-driven automated and customer-oriented approaches strengthening the institutional foundations of the digital economy.
• The Complex Relationship Between Emotion and Reason. qizi, Nurmatova Shokhista Rakhimovna | Rakhmonkulova Dilfuza Olim (2026). 4(1) 70–71.

  This article analyzes the complex relationship between emotion and reason as well as their interaction and influence on human behavior and activity. Emotions play a significant role in an individual’s mental state and decision-making processes while reason ensures logical thinking and analytical capacity.
• Trade Unionsim Asymmetrical Relations and Diverse Processes of Enslavement in Selected Organizations in Nigeria. Paul, Samuel Kinikanwo-Chimenim (2026). 4(1) 97–105.

  The paper examines the intersections of trade unionism asymmetrical power and modern enslavement to the oil and gas industry of Nigeria in the three oil and gas companies of strategic importance i.e. Indorama Eleme Chemicals Limited (IECL) Dangote Refinery and Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC). In the formal organisations the research investigates the character of labour flexibilisation the reduced collective institutions and the dependency tactics as a control mechanism by the managerial control are exploitative employment relations based on the Marxist theory of labour exploitation and reliance on theory of power. It is a qualitative multiple-case study design that is analysed on the basis of secondary data such as judicial decisions compliance and appraisal reports international labour documentation that were published from the year 2020-2025. The thematic analysis reveals that massive casualization and decentralization of the workforce and low unionization increase power inequality and enable the application of coercive types of labour which align with internationally defined signs of modern enslavement. The weak regulatory framework and job insecurity are a serious crippler to the ability to fight the issue of exploitation whereas trade unions have become a place of resistance. The paper contributes to the literature on industrial relations by theorising the idea of modern slavery as a continuum of coercive labour relations internalised to extractive capitalism in the Global South and initiating the consequences of the labour regulation union policy and the agendas of decent work.
• AI-Based Temperature Automation and Location Tracking for Maritime and Food Container. Maricar, B. Vaidianathan | M. A. Chanda Gulshan | D. Kamesh | R. Sameera Tabasum | J. Mohamed Zakkariya (2026). 4(1) 1–20.

  This study presents a comprehensive system for automated temperature control and position tracking designed for application in food and maritime containers. The system utilises photos and a YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm to identify and categorise various types of food. GPS technology enables customers to track the container's location in real-time providing visibility at all times. The deep learning aspect based on YOLO is highly critical for enabling the automatic detection and categorisation of food in the container. YOLO is very adept at identifying things so it can quickly and reliably categorise them ensuring that different kinds of food are placed in the correct group. A PID controller is a typical feedback device for control loops that does an excellent job of maintaining things at the appropriate temperature. The PID controller continuously adjusts the Peltier device's operation to maintain the container's internal temperature within the predetermined range. This keeps the food fresh and prevents it from spoiling and being thrown away during transportation. When you add GPS technology to the system it gains new functionality including the ability to see your location in real-time. Users can see exactly where the container is at all times which makes it easier to plan logistics and keeps things safer. This feature is highly beneficial in the shipping industry where container ships travel vast distances and in the food industry where delivering food to its destination on time is crucial.
• Trategic Factors for Developing Professional Competencies of a Technology Teacher in the Modern Educational Paradigm. Erkinovich, Yunusov Laziz (2026). 4(1) 21–27.

  This article analyzes the conceptual foundations for the development of professional competencies of technology teachers in the context of the changing modern educational paradigm. The study highlights the new requirements for the professional training of future and current teachers skills in working with digital technologies and strategic factors that foster creative thinking. The author justifies the pedagogical and organizational conditions that contribute to enhancing the professional skills of teachers in the modernization of technology education.
• Alisher Navoi and the 21st Century. Turgunovna, Mahkamova Nodirakhon (2026). 4(1) 50–53.

  The article extensively explores Alisher Navoi, one of the greatest figures, and his role in the 21st century. The main objective of the study is to analyze Navoi’s place in world literature, his scholarly and artistic legacy, as well as the current priority policies of spiritual education being implemented in Uzbekistan. Additionally, the article presents the perspectives of participants from an international scientific-theoretical conference, including Navoi scholars and literary researchers from various countries. In my personal opinion, the study should highlight the importance of teaching Navoi’s works in higher education institutions, the systematic research conducted in the field of Navoi studies, and their role in developing national spirituality, giving special attention to these aspects.
• Hydrogen Sulfide Crosstalk with Melatonin in Regulating Photosynthetic Resilience under Heat Stress. Abdulreza, Muna Kazem (2026). 4(1) 13–25.

  Plants are sessile organisms that face continuous alterations in environmental conditions. Among such factors, heat stress has been considered one of the most disadvantageous variables to crop productivity. High temperatures rapidly impair photosynthetic efficiency, disturb cellular redox balance, and alter hormonal regulation, hence limiting growth and productivity in plants. Although much literature exists regarding the role of individual protective agents, their combined actions-particularly melatonin and H₂S-have not yet been brought under the spotlight with respect to their ability to improve plant heat tolerance. All the research work carried out in this study was done to investigate physiological, biochemical, hormonal, and molecular responses of plants treated with melatonin and H₂S under heat-stressed conditions.
• Predictive Analytics for Inflation Forecasting and Data-Informed Monetary Policy Optimization in the United States. Ali, Md Shahdat Hossain | Md Shahadat Hossain | Md Whahidur Rahman | Mohammad (2026). 4(1) 26–49.

  Effective monetary policy formulation requires accurate forecasting of inflation since the dynamics of inflation directly affect interest rates, financial stability, and the overall economic performance. Nevertheless, most of the traditional inflation forecasting models have commonly been linearized, and they have been based on stable economic relationships that might not reflect nonlinearities, structural breaks, and regime shifts that are observed in long-term macroeconomic data. This paper builds a predictive analytics-based model to study inflationary behavior and help rationalize the monetary policy in the US using data. The study is based on historical annual data that has been used since the year 1929 to the year 2024 and can therefore be said to have been used in the analysis of inflation dynamics across different economic regimes, such as those of sustained stability, significant economic shocks, and increased inflation volatility. The research combines both descriptive statistical analysis and machine learning in the evaluation of inflation momentum, shock deviations, and volatility trends, which cannot be evaluated by the traditional methods of econometrics. The model to be used is the Support Vector machine (SVM) to classify low and high inflation regimes by the rate of inflation and the most important indicators of monetary policy, especially the federal funds rate. In order to assure methodological rigor, model performance has been assessed with several measures, such as confusion matrices, receiver operating characteristic analysis, F1-score, and recall, which are ideal in the conditions of macroeconomic data such as limited observations and class imbalance. The empirical evidence shows that predictive analytics has the capability to detect inflation regimes and can better detect inflationary risk, especially when longer historical windows are taken into account. The findings also indicate the importance of regime-driven models and nonlinear analysis methods in the improvement of inflation monitoring and forecasting models. Policy-wise, the research shows that the informed use of data provided by predictive analytics can decrease policy response lags, enhance situational awareness, and make more adaptive and evidence-based monetary policy choices in the United States, thereby enhancing the existing literature on the use of machine learning in macroeconomic policy analysis.
• Synthesis Characterization DFT and Molecular Docking Studies of Some New Imidazole Derivatives as Diabetes Drugs. Magtoof, Mohammed Ali Shnjar | Prof. Dr. Mahmood Shakir (2026). 4(1) 1–12.

  Researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry have focused their efforts on developing safer and less toxic pharmaceutical compounds for treating type 2 diabetes, compounds that can be used long-term without causing serious side effects. This study focused on the synthesis of two new imidazole derivatives using an alkaline medium and DMSO as a solvent. Good yields were obtained, and the chemical structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and proton-carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR). The results showed complete agreement with the theoretically predicted structures. In addition, two theoretical studies were conducted on the synthesized compounds, including density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking studies of the SIRT1 and GSK3β proteins. The results of these studies were then correlated with the analysis of the theoretical data. The results showed that compound 3β was the most effective of the synthesized compounds.
• Conditions for the Emergency Movement. o’g’li |Khasanov Bunyod, Abdug’aniyev Ma’murjon Muhammadjon (2026). 4(1) 8–12.

  The article discusses the Jadid movement's promotion of public enlightenment the main goal of the movement the history of the Jadid movement in the Fergana Valley Ismailbek Gaspirali Ishaqkhan Ibrat Ashurali Zohiri and Saidahmad Siddiqi Ajzi the fact that Ishaqkhan Ibrat was not limited to the sciences taught by the madrasa that he independently and diligently read the works of great Eastern scholars during his studies and that Ishaqkhan Ibrat lived in central European cities such as Istanbul Sofia Athens and Rome as well as in large cities such as Kabul in Afghanistan and Jeddah in Arabia based on the analysis of primary documents.
• Reflections on the Development of the Press in Khorezm During the Years of Independence. Palvanovna, Palvanova Tuxtajon (2026). 4(1) 5–7.

  Today information is considered the main driving force of human society. The press serves as the primary carrier and guiding instrument of this force. Indeed information enters society takes shape and becomes embedded in public consciousness precisely through the press. This article presents reflections on the process of development of the press in the Khorezm region during the years of independence.
• Study of Tantrik Lokachara in Jagannath Culture. Mishra, Dr. Henerita (2026). 4(1) 13–14.

  The article reflects on the Tatntrik Lokachara as prevalent in the worship of Hindu Deities in the Jagannath Culture. The study argues that both the Aryas and the Anaryas follow the various forms of ‘Tantrik’ rituals in performing their pujas. There are three prescribed ways of performing pujas in Hindu Deities i.e ‘Nigam’ ‘Agam’and ‘Lokachara’. ‘Nigam’ is considered as very pious form of Hindu Vedic rituals whereas ‘Agam’ is associated with Tantrik system and Lokachara is the union of both the system. The study analyzes that the mode of upasana or worship of Lord Jagannath is unique and mysterious. The paper unearths that as this Adivasi Deity is purely associated with ‘Sabari Tantra’ the tantrik rituals are closely associated with Jagannath upasana along with karmakanda parampara. This Karmakanda is connected with Agam which mainly associated with Japa Tapa and Yagna. Whereas Agam rituals are guided by Jantra Tantra and Mantra. Hence Lord Jagannath is considered as the Tantrik Debata. His ‘Ratna Vedi’is on the ‘Sri Yantra’. Apart from that lord Jagannath is also popularly known as Dakshinakalika due to his Feminine attire. Tantra aims at transforming every action into reality. So Prabhu Jagannath has a Kriya shakti ‘Bimala’ which is known as ‘Hladini Shati.’ The moving lord is nothing without Shakti. So Lord Jagannath is considered as Peetheswara and Maa Bimala is Peetheswari. The research reveals that Panchamakara Upasana is one of the Tantric rituals of Lord Jagannath cult. As Odisha was a great ‘Uddiyan Kshetra’ and Shakti Upasana is strongly associated with this Feminine Shakti commands as much respect as does Lord Vishnu or Lord Shiva. The study highlights that this is the only Kshetra where Lord Jagannath is worshipped as Bhairav who is the union of both Kala and Mahakali Swarupa. Thus the article by shedding light on the synthesis of Arjya and Anarjya Paramparas in Jagannath cult contributes to the religious and cultural awareness of people for a harmonious coexistence in the society.
• The Philadelphia Plan (1969 AD): The Historical Roots of Affirmative Action Policies in the United States of America. Knawi, Rawaa Sabah (2026). 4(1) 15–30.

  The Philadelphia Plan of 1969 was an important milestone in the development of affirmative action policies in the US. The plan was an expression of the federal government’s dedication to ending racial discrimination in the US labor force. The plan was a product of the convergence of civil rights movements government policies and labor market conditions. The plan was a significant development in affirmative action policies as it institutionalized affirmative action policies in the US. The paper will discuss the historical antecedents of affirmative action policies from the New Deal to the Great Society. The paper will also discuss the role of various presidential administrations in developing affirmative action policies in the US. The various presidential administrations that will be discussed in this paper are those of F.D. Roosevelt Truman Eisenhower J.F. Kennedy L.B. Johnson Nixon and others. The historical institutionalist approach will be used in this paper to understand the development of the Revised Philadelphia Plan. Other sources used in this paper will include executive orders labor statistics Congressional debates and scholarly analyses. The paper will also show that the plan was developed with an objective to integrate African American laborers with their white counterparts without replacing the existing workforce. According to labor statistics from 1963 to 1969 African American unemployment was almost double that of whites.
• The Role of Religious Culture in Strengthening Social Cohesion in Contemporary Society. o’g’li, Umarova Feruza Roziboyevna | Amirov Avazbek Kamiljon (2026). 4(1) 1–4.

  Religious culture has long been recognized as an influential social phenomenon shaping moral values collective identity and patterns of social interaction. In contemporary societies characterized by globalization cultural pluralism and social transformation maintaining social cohesion has become an increasingly complex challenge. This article explores the role of religious culture in strengthening social cohesion by examining its moral cultural and social functions. Employing a qualitative methodology based on document analysis and comparative literature review the study analyzes scholarly perspectives on religion as a cultural system contributing to social solidarity tolerance and communal integration. The findings demonstrate that religious culture continues to function as a significant source of shared values ethical norms and social trust. The article argues that when interpreted inclusively and integrated within broader cultural frameworks religious culture can positively contribute to social cohesion without contradicting secular principles. The study concludes by highlighting the need for further empirical research into the interaction between religious culture and social cohesion in diverse societal contexts.
• Analysis of Socio-Economic Conditions of the Kondh Tribe. Nayak, Pradeep Kumar (2026). 4(1) 85–96.

  India has the second largest concentration of tribal population in the world next to Africa. According to Article 432 of the Constitution of India the Scheduled Tribes (ST) refers to specific indigenous peoples whose status is acknowledged to some formal degree by appropriate national and state legislation. As per 2001 census ST population was 84.3 million representing 8.2% of Indian population. A total of 461 ST groups have been identified who are scattered throughout the length and breadth of the country (Singh 1994). There are 6 predominantly tribal states where more than 50% population is ST (Mizoram 94.8% Nagaland 87.7% Meghalaya 85.5% Arunachal Pradesh 63.7% Union Territories of Lakshadweep 93.2% and Dadra & Nagar Haveli 79.0%). More than half of ST population in the country is concentrated in the states of Madhya Pradesh (23.3%) Orissa (22.2%) Gujarat (14.9%) Assam (12.8%) Rajasthan (12.4%) Maharashtra (9.3%) Bihar (7.7%) Andhra Pradesh (6.3%) and Andaman & Nicobar Islands (5.5%). Of the 461 scheduled tribes in India Orissa has declared 62 tribal communities and 13 as primitive tribal groups (PTG). Dongriasa major sect of the great Kondh tribe mostly stay on high hills known as Dongar. The Dongria Kondh is one of the officially designated PTG in Orissa. They are the original inhabitants of Niyamgiri hilly region which extends to Rayagada Koraput and Kalahandi districts of south Orissa. The Dongria population is confined to three community development blocks namely Bissam Cuttack and Munuguda of Gunpur sub-division and alyansinghpur Block of Rayagada sub-division. Dongria Kondhs have an estimated population of about 10000 and are distributed in around 120 settlements all at an altitude up to 5000 feet above the sea-level.
• Biochemical Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Defence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Mohammed, Mohammed Khalis (2026). 3(9) 55–64.

  Increased oxidative stress is a widely accepted participant in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications. Oxidative stress is considered an important biochemical factor involved in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. The present study aims to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defence status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to assess the potential effect of vitamin E supplementation on reducing oxidative imbalance. A total of 130 subjects were included in the study, consisting of 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls and 90 clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. The diabetic patients were divided into two treatment groups: Group I (n=45) received hypoglycemic drugs only, while Group II (n=45) received hypoglycemic drugs in combination with vitamin E supplementation. Biochemical parameters, including serum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, erythrocyte reduced glutathione, and platelet aggregation, were measured at baseline and reassessed after three months of follow-up. The results of Table 4 showed that patients receiving hypoglycemic drugs with vitamin E supplementation had lower MDA (3.6 ± 0.9 nmol/mL) and platelet aggregation (51.8 ± 9.6%) compared with patients receiving hypoglycemic drugs only (4.7 ± 1.0 nmol/mL and 60.2 ± 10.7%, respectively). In contrast, nitric oxide, SOD, and reduced GSH were higher in the vitamin E group (32.6 ± 7.2 µmol/L, 7.1 ± 1.5 U/mL, and 35.8 ± 7.6 mg/dL) compared with Group I (27.1 ± 6.5 µmol/L, 5.9 ± 1.4 U/mL, and 29.4 ± 7.1 mg/dL). These findings suggest that vitamin E supplementation may improve antioxidant defence and reduce oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients, in agreement with previous studies reporting beneficial antioxidant effects of vitamin E as an adjunct to hypoglycemic therapy.
• Strengthening the Role of Authorized Bodies in the Legal Regulation of Civilian and Service Weapons Circulation. Kasimov, Davron (2026). 4(1) 1–6.

  The adoption of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Weapons" established the legal basis for the licensing and permitting system in the sphere of weapons circulation. The introduction of this system significantly strengthened state regulation of relevant legal relations and led to a significant increase in both the types of weapons permitted for civilian circulation and the number of permits. At the same time the workload of employees of the control and licensing units of internal affairs agencies as well as of employees of public order protection units (hereinafter referred to as PLOPS employees) and prevention inspectors who are responsible for state and departmental oversight functions in this area has increased significantly.
• Effects of Chronic Antidiabetic Drugs on Antibiotic Efficacy Against Intestinal Escherichia coli Isolates. Essa, Niran W. Khair El-Din | Muhsin A. (2026). 3(9) 205–212.

  Background: Diabetic patients often need combined antimicrobial and antidiabetic treatment, however, the impact of chronic metabolic medications on antibiotic effectiveness is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate these drug-modulatory effects on the antibacterial activity of antibiotics in vitro using commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs (Metformin, Glimepiride, and Dapagliflozin). Methodology: The antibacterial interactions were evaluated against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli obtained from diabetic patients and healthy individuals, as well as a standard pathogenic strain O157:H7. Methods: In this study, we examined 11 different antibiotics and assessed all baseline susceptibility as well drug-drug interactions with antidiabetic drugs by the disk diffusion method. Results: Baseline testing demonstrated a significant multidrug resistance burden with absolute (100%) resistance to Trimethoprim, and Fusidic acid across diabetic clinical isolates, while fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin) and Meropenem collectively retained complete (100%) susceptibility. Importantly, Metformin showed an extremely selective and microbiome-sparing inhibition only against the pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 strain. Pharmacodynamics and drug interactions assays demonstrated that potent, strain-dependent in vivo modulation of antibiotic efficacy could be achieved. Obligate antagonism was found with all combinations of Ampicillin tested (≤5 mm decrease in inhibition zones) and Levofloxacin to be a consistently reliable synergistic partner for >80% of antibiotics assessed, producing significantly larger inhibition zones. In addition, unique interaction profiles were identified between isolates from subjects with and without diabetes. Conclusion: These data undermine the assumed pharmacological neutrality of antidiabetic agents in the management of bacterial infections. The microbiome-mediated differential responses to these microbes in relation to the host microenvironment provide a clinical paradigm shift: when it comes to cohort of diabetics, in order to limit the risk of failure related to antibiotic treatment, empirical antibiotic selection has to deal not only with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profile associated with concurrent antidiabetic treatment.
• The Ghost in the Machine: A Comparative Critique of AI ‘Legal Personhood’ and Liability Attribution in Autonomous Vehicle Torts (EU vs. US). Alidjanovich, Kurbanaliyev Sardor (2026). 4(1) 60–63.

  This article critiques the viability of granting legal personhood to Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the context of SAE Level 4/5 Autonomous Vehicle (AV) liability. By contrasting the European Union’s 2024 Revised Product Liability Directive—which cements a strict liability "product" approach following the 2025 withdrawal of the specialized AI Liability Directive—with the United States’ emerging reliance on mass tort litigation (e.g. the 2025 LoSavio certification) it argues that "electronic personhood" is a legally redundant fiction. Instead the article proposes a "functional entity" model that harmonizes the US "enterprise risk" doctrine with the EU’s "presumption of defectiveness" ensuring victims are compensated without anthropomorphizing code.
• The Impact of Global Pandemics on Small and Medium-scale Enterprises in Developing Countries: The Nigerian Example. Green, Haliru Bala | Kinikanwo I. (2026). 4(1) 31–37.

  The 16th Ebola outbreak in the Kasai Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo in September 20205 renewed palpable fears of a possible spread of the deadly virus to West Africa especially in Nigeria where the outbreak of 2014 seriously disrupted mostly Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) that are yet to recover from the impact. In an increasingly globalised world interconnected by land air and sea pandemics in one remote country can spread quickly and disrupt the supply chains in far-flung locations leading to disastrous social and economic consequences for commercial transactions especially SMEs. They drive innovation and create more jobs than the public service but are prone to layoffs and construction. Luckily the latest outbreak was promptly contained to the relief of global disease tracking agencies. As one advertisement on the Cable News Network (CNN) declares: Everything is connected to business just as business is connected to everything else. In Nigeria these pandemics significantly disrupted the already struggling Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) resulting in lower productivity substantial financial losses and increased unemployment with dire consequences for the government and the rest of society. The WHO identifies weak healthcare systems poor access to quality healthcare and atavistic cultural norms as contributing factors to the spread of HIV/AIDS Ebola and COVID-19 in many developing nations. The study relies on quantitative approaches and secondary data to highlight the negative impact of global pandemics on SMEs in Nigeria especially the challenges they faced during and after the outbreaks. The paper proposes more effective and inclusive strategies to reduce the adverse effects of future pandemics on SMEs including reinforcing digital infrastructure to minimise human contact sourcing contingency funding and government support at all levels to keep SMEs functional and profitable even in crises.
• Effect of Therapeutic Properties of Curcuma Longa Rhizomes Extract on Some Selected Haematological Indices of Male Albino Wistar Rats Induced with Diabetes Mellitus. K.P., Okon E. A. | Effiong J.O. | Essien N. E. | Ekpo J.C. | Okworo C.G. | Sunday I.U. | Wariebi (2026). 3(9) 145–151.

  Curcuma longa (Turmeric) is a nutraceutical plant commonly used as dietary spice in many cuisines, as analgesic agent to relief pain and traditionally in the treatment of various ailments. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of Curcuma longa rhizomes extract on some selected hematological indices of male albino Wistar rats induced with diabetes mellitus. Thirty (30) healthy and sexually matured male rats weighing between 180-220g were randomly distributed into six groups of five rats in each group, viz: group one served as Diabetic induced (180mg/kg alloxan prepared) + 200mg/kg (rhizomes extract of curcuma longa), group two as Diabetic induced (180mg/kg alloxan prepared) + 500mg/kg (rhizomes extract of curcuma longa), group three as Diabetic induced (180mg/kg alloxan prepared) + 700mg/kg (rhizomes extract of curcuma longa), group four as Diabetic induced + 500mg/kg of metformin, group five as Diabetic induced (negative untreated) and group six as Normal Control. At the end of the experiment, Neutrophil (Neu), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Thickness Ratio of the Red Blood Cell (THR) and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) were evaluated. Results indicated that significant (P<0.005) increase in the five hematological indices levels across the induced diabetic groups as compare to normal control (uninduced) group. However, the treated diabetic groups such as Diabetic induced + 200mg/kg (rhizomes extract of curcuma longa), Diabetic induced + 500mg/kg (rhizomes extract of curcuma longa), and Diabetic induced + 700mg/kg (rhizomes extract of curcuma longa) respectively indicated significant (P<0.005) decrease in the level of the hematological indices use in this study compare to diabetic induced untreated group. Also, the induced diabetic group treated with standard anti-diabetic drug (metformin) shewed significant (P<0.005) decrease in the levels NEU, RDW, THR and MPV as compare to untreated diabatic group. Furthermore, both rhizomes extract of curcuma longa and metformin reduces the elevated hematological parameters level in this study to a comparable level with normal control (uninduced) group. It can be concluded that the administration of graded doses (200mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 700mg/kg) of rhizomes extract of curcuma longa to diabetes induced group in the present study is effective in the management of hematological disorder that may arise from diabetes mellitus complications.
• The Role of Soft Skills in Professional Development. Nosirkhodjayeva, G. (2026). 4(1) 68–71.

  This article examines Uzbekistan’s higher education reforms in the context of labor market transformation emphasizing the growing importance of soft skills. It analyzes employer expectations digitalization impacts and human capital development arguing that interpersonal competencies are essential for graduate employability competitiveness leadership potential and sustainable socio-economic development in Uzbekistan today.
• The Association Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Spontaneous Abortion in Women in Iraq: A Systematic Literature Review. Mahdi, Baydaa Talib (2026). 3(9) 163–168.

  The objective of this systematic literature review is to pool the available evidence to assess the association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion among women in Iraq. A comprehensive search of the academic literature was performed for studies on the seroprevalence of T. gondii in women with spontaneous abortion from different regions of Iraq. Context was provided by including relevant international and regional studies. This review includes observational studies with a preferential selection of studies with clear diagnostic criteria and demographic data. Data on prevalence, risk variables and study characteristics were retrieved and synthesised narratively. The pooled evidence suggests a significant seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among women with spontaneous abortion in several Iraqi governorates such as Sulaimani, Baghdad, Erbil, Basra and Babylon. Some research from these regions confirmed the existence of T. gondii antibodies (IgG and IgM) and the statistically significant relationship between T. gondii antibodies and pregnancy loss. The stated prevalence rates in Iraqi research are comparable, and in some cases higher, than neighbouring countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. Key risk factors found include eating undercooked meat and direct contact with cats. Toxoplasma gondii infection is an important yet unrecognised risk factor for spontaneous abortion in Iraq. The findings strongly support the need for systematic serological screening for toxoplasmosis as part of standard prenatal care regimens throughout the country. Public health initiatives that provide information on preventive measures to women of reproductive age are crucial to minimising the incidence of toxoplasmosis-associated pregnancy loss.
• Phenotypic Collateral-Susceptibility and Cross-Resistance Signatures among Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates. Kareem, Hussein (2026). 3(9) 169–179.

  Collateral effects occur when resistance to one antimicrobial is associated with altered susceptibility to another, creating either collateral susceptibility or cross-resistance. This relationship can provide phenotypic information beyond a conventional antibiogram. Objective to characterize collateral-susceptibility and cross-resistance signatures among urinary Escherichia coli using culture-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Eighty non-duplicate E. coli isolate records were evaluated with a nine-agent disk-diffusion panel. Broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were analyzed for ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), multiple-antibiotic-resistance (MAR) index, pairwise log2 MIC shifts, Mann–Whitney tests, Benjamini–Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction, Wilson confidence intervals, and Spearman correlations were applied. Resistance was highest to ampicillin (76.3%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (63.8%), ciprofloxacin (61.3%), and ceftriaxone (56.3%), whereas nitrofurantoin (7.5%) and meropenem (3.8%) retained high activity. Fifty-six isolates (70.0%) met the MDR definition. Ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had a median nitrofurantoin MIC of 8 µg/mL compared with 16 µg/mL among ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates (median shift −1 log2 dilution; FDR q<0.001). Ceftriaxone resistance showed the same one-dilution downward shift in nitrofurantoin MIC (q<0.001). In contrast, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone displayed strong bidirectional cross-resistance signatures. MAR index correlated positively with ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin MICs but inversely with nitrofurantoin MIC. A phenotypic analysis combining categorical susceptibility with quantitative MIC distributions can reveal resistance-associated susceptibility shifts that are not apparent from routine categorical reporting alone. Such associations should be interpreted as candidate collateral effects unless confirmed by longitudinal, isogenic, or mechanistic studies.
• Gastrointestinal Motility and Postprandial Comfort with a Multi-Botanical Instant Granule: Experimental Evaluation and Human Product-Consumption Findings. Chraibi, Yassine Igoundaz | Ye-jin Han | Anas (2026). 3(9) 180–184.

  A staged NVTIA® botanical granule containing Poria cocos, coix seed, dandelion leaf, corn silk, citrus peel, cranberry, and fennel seed was examined for gastrointestinal motility and postprandial comfort. In the dampness-heavy-state mouse model, gastric emptying and small-intestinal propulsion were 42.1% and 45.7% in the model group and 56.8% and 61.3% after formulation 1; normal-group values were 63.5% and 68.4%. Adults with at least three prespecified bodily sensations consumed 4.0 g once daily for 14 days, 20 participants per group. With formulation 1, postprandial bloating changed from 6.4 to 3.1 and the five-domain total from 31.8 to 15.6, a 51.0% reduction. Direct mixing and selected ingredient-omission comparators produced smaller changes. Human studies of fennel-containing interventions and coix seed provide ingredient-level digestive context, while experimental and human work on Poria cocos, cranberry, and citrus helps define plausible intestinal and microbiome pathways. The results identify gastric emptying, intestinal propulsion, postprandial bloating, and bowel sensations as separate endpoints for subsequent controlled evaluation of the complete formulation.
• Stability-Oriented Delivery of Immune-Active Micronutrients in a Multivitamin-Mineral Tablet: Formulation Performance and Human Evidence. Wijaya, Anas Ziraoui | Nur Iman | Andi (2026). 3(9) 185–189.

  We examined the preservation of immune-relevant micronutrients in a single-layer multivitamin–mineral tablet and compared the formulation results with randomized human evidence. The tablet included vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, zinc and selenium in a broader micronutrient matrix. After segmented premixing, ferric-pyrophosphate preadsorption, brief low-humidity blending and direct compression, three-month retention at 40°C/75% RH was 83.7% for vitamin C and 87.2% for vitamin D3. Direct blending gave 74.8% and 82.0%, respectively. In human trials, multimicronutrient supplementation improved vitamin C and zinc status. Some nutritionally vulnerable older populations also experienced fewer infections, although functional immune assays in healthy older adults did not change. Stable formulation delivery and baseline nutritional status should therefore be considered separately when immune outcomes are assessed.
• Climatic Change Effects on Yellow Corn Output across Iraq (1995–2020). Hamad, Nuha Mohammad Jead | Hussein Essa (2026). 3(9) 190–204.

  This study examines climatic-change effects on the output of yellow maize in Iraq from 1995 to 2020. A semi-annual period of time series data were used which was consistent with our goals and used linear modelling in EViews 10 software. The association between yellow maize output and climate indicators (temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and relative humidity) and their relation in short- and long-run periods was discussed. The significance of the study is the economic and agricultural value of the yellow maize crop in Iraq as well as climate fluctuations and its sensitivity (especially in the process of growth, flowering and grain filling) as it is affected by climate and its production is of great importance for agriculture. It used semi-annual data from 1995 to 2020 to measure the association linking climate indicators with yellow maize output and to assess the nature and magnitude of the effect from climate variables upon crop yield. As we found the climatic factors are very much on the rise in yellow maize production, rainfall has a favorable effect on crop yield; indicating that water availability in all stages of plant growth is necessary and wind speed is not on the rise and the plant growth and pollination efficiency are affected with high wind speed. We found that temperature is very important to yellow maize production and it depends on how well it meets the crop temperature throughout the growth stages. The corresponding relative humidity of the crop is high and the crop productivity is higher. To understand the persistent equilibrium linkage among variables, we used cointegration analysis to find a long-term linkage connecting climate and yellow maize output. The analysis findings showed that the relationship between climatic and crop production is not only short-term and the change  in climatic conditions is in the long term. This indicates the importance of climatic variables to future agricultural policies and strategies to ensure the sustainability of yellow maize production in Iraq.
• A Comprehensive Literature Review and Conceptual Framework for Developing Conservation Agriculture in Arid Regions: Analyzing the Interaction of Institutional, Environmental, and Technical Factors. Thahir, Adel Taheri Hajwandi | Balsam Abbas (2026). 3(9) 213–225.

  Conservation agriculture is a promising approach to the sustainability of agricultural production systems, especially in arid and semi-arid countries and has gained growing attention. But the process of developing and establishing this system in nations like Iraq has several problems, the most important of which is the one-dimensional perspective of the elements affecting it. The objective of this study is to offer a complete literature review and to build a conceptual framework for a systematic analysis of the evolution of conservation agriculture, concentrating on the interplay of institutional, environmental and technological elements in dry areas. This is a complete narrative evaluation that uses qualitative content analysis approach by in-depth examination of reputable local and foreign sources from 2005 to 2025. During the assessment, three major subsystems were identified (institutional-political, environmental-ecological and technical-mechanical) as the core elements of the development of conservation agriculture. Each subsystem, either alone or in interrelationships and feedback loops, affects the success or failure of this system. The main challenges noted include poor institutional coordination, inadequate supporting policies, lack of suitable equipment and technology, lack of enough training and competent extension services, and environmental constraints due to water shortages and soil erosion.The analysis of interrelationships and feedback processes performed in the proposed conceptual framework indicates that for the successful development of mechanised conservation agriculture in arid regions, an integrated and systematic approach is needed that considers all influencing factors simultaneously and in their interaction. This framework may provide a foundation for policy formation, planning and evaluation of programs for the development of conservation agriculture in dry locations especially in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate in Iraq.
• Microcrystalline Quercetin and Seasonal Histamine-Response Biology: Mast-Cell Findings Integrated with Human Pollinosis Evidence. Berlini, Ali Yassine Igoundaz | Aaron Scott | Marco (2026). 3(9) 50–54.

  The NVTIA® microcrystalline quercetin ingredient was examined at two levels: physicochemical quality and mast-cell mediator response. The optimized batch contained 91.6% quercetin, 1.9% residual quercetin glycosides and 94.8% total flavonols, with residual ethanol of 218 ppm, D50 of 9.6 μm and D90 of 28.4 μm. In RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, the model-group histamine-release level was set to 100%. Ordinary coarse quercetin at 20 μg/mL yielded 82.7%, whereas the optimized material produced 81.4%, 67.5% and 55.8% at 10, 20 and 40 μg/mL; cell viability at these concentrations was 97.2%, 96.1% and 93.5%. Two additional microcrystalline batches gave 71.8% and 65.9% histamine release at 20 μg/mL. Human pollinosis trials have reported changes in selected nasal or ocular symptoms after quercetin-related flavonol interventions, while a 2025 meta-analysis of polyphenolic interventions found improvement in several seasonal allergic-rhinitis symptom domains. The experimental data therefore identify a concentration-dependent mast-cell response for a defined, highly dispersible quercetin material. A formulation-specific human study can extend this work by measuring quercetin exposure, histamine-related mediators and validated seasonal symptom outcomes in the same protocol.
• Comparative Hepatic, Pancreatic, and Renal Biochemical Responses to Repeated Oral Exposure to Three Children’s Play Materials in Female Rats: Hepatic RT-qPCR Profiles of Tnf and Nfe2l2. Gabri, Dalal Turki Shattnan Al (2026). 3(9) 226–236.

  Children frequently handle soft play materials such as slime-like sand products, play clay, and gel-based compounds, and incidental oral exposure can occur through hand-to-mouth behavior. The present 30-day rat study compared biochemical responses to three play-material categories administered orally at 150 mg/kg/day. Female albino rats of approximately 250 g were assigned to a negative control group (G), sand/slime material group (C), clay group (D), and jelly/gel group (E). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipase, amylase, creatinine, albumin, and urea were assessed. The exposure groups showed clearly different biochemical signatures. The sand/slime material produced the highest ALP and lipase means, whereas the clay group produced the highest urea mean. ALT and AST were lower in all exposed groups than in controls, indicating that the response cannot be summarized as conventional hepatocellular enzyme leakage. Albumin was reduced most clearly in the sand/slime and gel groups. These findings indicate material-specific systemic biochemical responses after repeated oral exposure and emphasize the need to interpret the panel as a pattern rather than labeling all deviations as organ injury. The study provides a basis for targeted chemical characterization of the tested products and confirmatory toxicological work. Hepatic RT-qPCR profiling showed Tnf relative expression of 1.00 ± 0.10, 2.80 ± 0.30, 2.10 ± 0.25, and 2.55 ± 0.28-fold in groups G, C, D, and E, respectively, while Nfe2l2 expression was 1.00 ± 0.11, 0.62 ± 0.08, 1.38 ± 0.16, and 0.70 ± 0.09-fold, respectively.
• Biochemical Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Disease Progression: A Review. Etheb, Samer Obaid Hasan Hasan | Ghufran Saad Nsaif | Alaa Mohammed (2026). 3(6) 1–7.

  Oxidative stress is a basic biochemical disturbance resulting from an imbalance and overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species when the level exceeds the cellular antioxidant capacity. We need controlled reactive species for signaling, immune defense, mitochondrial adaptation and vascular control; yet persistent imbalance in redox equilibrium favors lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation which results in progressive tissue damage. Traditionally, the concept of antioxidant defense has been restricted to isolated pathways, but lately it has been emphasized that such mechanisms are coordinated and comprise enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, peroxiredoxins and thioredoxin systems) in conjunction with nonenzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamins C and E, carotenoids, melatonin. uric acid, selenium-containing molecules, from selenium enriched foods—and dietary polyphenols). Oxidative stress and its contribution to the pathology of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, carcinogenesis, neurodegenerative disorders, chronic kidney injury with fibrosis in development related liver injury as well as inflammatory bowel disease are highlighted Processes associated with aging-related degeneration Sources of oxidative damage. In this review, we discuss the biochemical origins of reactive species, a multitiered antioxidant protection system, primary redox biomarkers, and disease pathways. Finally, it highlights the need for caution in interpretation of antioxidant therapy as nonstaged or over-supplemented and/or uncontrolled pathways to the disease state may fail where authorities exist.
• Stability-Preserved Lycopene in a Low-Oxygen Lipid Matrix: Oxidative-Stress Biomarkers and Human Nutritional Relevance. Palmer, Yassine Igoundaz | Preston Brooks | Derek (2026). 3(9) 8–13.

  A low-oxygen lycopene lipid complex was characterized for extraction transfer, isomeric integrity, oil-phase quality, and accelerated stability. The three optimized formulations transferred 78.2-82.1% of lycopene from the processed peel material, contained 2.13-2.34% total lycopene, and retained 85.1-86.2% in the all-trans form. After 30 days at 45°C under nitrogen and light protection, total lycopene retention remained 90.8-91.6%; ABTS capacity retained 89.8-90.8% of baseline. Human lycopene studies show endpoint-specific redox responses rather than a uniform antioxidant effect. Purified lycopene has altered DNA-oxidation measures and superoxide dismutase activity in randomized trials, while tomato-food interventions have changed resistance of lipoproteins or lymphocytes to experimental oxidation. The formulation data define a chemically stable starting material for human studies in which circulating lycopene, isomer distribution, and a small prespecified redox-biomarker panel are measured together.
• Antarctic Krill Oil in Joint Health: Inflammatory Context and Heterogeneous Randomized Evidence. Saputra, Anas Ziraoui | Rajesh Kumar | Rizky (2026). 3(9) 14–19.

  Clinical studies of Antarctic krill oil have examined joint discomfort and inflammatory outcomes, with results differing by phenotype, dose and duration. We characterized a phospholipid-rich BCLC® krill oil prepared at low temperature under light-shielded and nitrogen-protected conditions, then considered its formulation quality alongside the human joint-health literature. In the optimized process, separable insolubles before filtration were reduced to 0.31%, and peroxide values remained at 2.5-2.7 meq/kg. Some randomized studies reported changes in inflammatory markers or knee symptoms in mild-to-moderate populations. A 2024 trial of 262 adults with knee osteoarthritis, significant pain and MRI-defined effusion-synovitis, however, found no pain benefit with 2 g/day krill oil over 24 weeks. The variation between trials points to omega-3 exposure, baseline joint pathology and dose as relevant determinants of response.
• White-Tomato Colorless Carotenoid Microcapsules and Skin Barrier Resilience: Physicochemical Performance and Human Evidence. MacLeod, Bougrain Mouad | Kavitha Menon | Callum (2026). 3(9) 20–25.

  The stratum corneum limits water loss and helps the skin tolerate environmental stress. We evaluated a BCLC® white-tomato microcapsule enriched in phytoene and phytofluene, with attention to free oil, water activity and active-carotenoid retention, and compared these formulation data with human barrier studies. The optimized powders contained 6.31–7.58% phytoene plus phytofluene, had water activity of 0.29–0.34 and free oil of 1.3–1.7%. The non-encapsulated ethanol-extract comparator had 6.8% free oil. In a double-blind human study of a tomato-derived supplement predominantly containing phytoene and phytofluene, barrier strength increased by 59.9% after 12 weeks, barrier recovery was 38.8% faster, firmness improved by 9.34% and elasticity by 11.6%. A separate 16-week study reported lower TEWL among participants with higher baseline TEWL. The formulation measurements and human evidence identify TEWL, barrier-disruption/recovery testing, mechanical skin measures and circulating carotenoids as suitable endpoints for direct study of the BCLC® microcapsule.
• DP2-DP6-Enriched Maritime Pine Bark Microcapsules Support Keratinocyte Redox Control and a Nutritional Photoprotection Framework. Fraser, Bougrain Mouad | Soo-jin Kang | Lachlan (2026). 3(9) 26–31.

  Oral photoprotection depends on repeated delivery of compounds that can influence the skin response to ultraviolet stress. We examined a BCLC maritime pine bark microcapsule enriched in DP2-DP6 oligomeric proanthocyanidins. The reference material contained 62.4% DP2-DP6 within total proanthocyanidins, with low catechin/epicatechin and DP≥10 fractions. In H₂O₂-challenged HaCaT keratinocytes, intracellular ROS fell from the model value of 100% to 78.4%, 68.5% and 60.7% at 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL; cell viability remained above 93%. During simulated digestion, DP2-DP6 retention was 86.8% after the gastric phase and 78.6% after the intestinal phase. Human studies of standardized French maritime pine bark extract include an eight-week trial in which the ultraviolet dose required for one minimal erythema dose increased during supplementation and a randomized double-blind crossover study in outdoor workers reporting protection against seasonal skin darkening and deterioration of hydration/barrier parameters. The formulation and cell data place ingredient stability and keratinocyte redox control alongside established human photobiology endpoints for BCLC-specific evaluation.
• DP2-DP6 Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin Enrichment and Microencapsulation Preserve Antioxidant Function in Maritime Pine Bark Extract. Benjelloun, Bougrain Mouad | Ren Suzuki | Omar (2026). 3(9) 32–37.

  Maritime pine bark extracts contain proanthocyanidins across a broad polymerization range, so total proanthocyanidin content alone does not define the material delivered by a formulation. We prepared a BCLC maritime pine bark microcapsule enriched in DP2-DP6 oligomers using aqueous-ethanol extraction, resin fractionation, sequential membrane separation and composite-wall microencapsulation. Optimized powders contained 70.2-74.8% total proanthocyanidins; DP2-DP6 represented 58.6-62.4%, catechin plus epicatechin 5.1-6.2%, and DP≥10 material 7.3-9.4%. Water activity was 0.31-0.34. The reference formulation retained 93.2% of total proanthocyanidins after 30 days at 40°C/75% RH and 85.1% after 90 days; DP2-DP6 retention at 90 days was 83.6%. Simulated digestion left 78.6% of DP2-DP6 after the intestinal phase. DPPH and ABTS scavenging were 76.8% and 82.1%, and ORAC reached 4,120 μmol TE/g. In H₂O₂-challenged HaCaT keratinocytes, ROS fell to 60.7% of the model value at 100 μg/mL while viability remained above 93%. Human studies of standardized French maritime pine bark extracts have also reported higher plasma antioxidant capacity and lower reactive-oxygen-metabolite measures. The data identify polymerization-degree control and post-processing retention as practical variables for an oligomer-rich antioxidant ingredient.
• High-Concentration rTG EPA+DHA Fish Oil in Brain Lipid Nutrition and Cognitive Aging: A Translational Evidence Framework. Matsumoto, Anas Ziraoui | Rina Marlina | Daichi (2026). 3(9) 38–43.

  Neuronal membranes contain substantial DHA, whereas EPA contributes more strongly to circulating lipid mediators and systemic inflammatory regulation. We used the BCLC® high-concentration rTG fish oil as a defined exposure platform and examined human evidence on brain lipid nutrition and cognitive ageing. The ingredient contained 68.9–71.4% EPA+DHA and 81.7–84.0% triglyceride-type lipids; residual ethyl esters were low and oxidation indices were controlled. The larger trials in cognitively healthy older adults were mainly neutral. OPAL enrolled 867 participants, an 18-month DHA-rich trial randomized 403 participants, and the VITAL cognitive ancillary studies included more than 4,000 participants. Smaller trials and a recent dose-response analysis produced a less uniform pattern. In a 2024 meta-analysis of 24 randomized studies (n=9,660), executive function showed a potential upward trend under selected exposure conditions. Baseline omega-3 status, daily dose, treatment duration, cognitive domain, and mild cognitive impairment may therefore separate responsive from nonresponsive settings. Future studies of the BCLC® rTG formulation can test that question by pairing Omega-3 Index measurements with domain-specific cognition and baseline nutritional status.
• A Model for Using Innovative Pedagogical Technologies in the Professional and Ethical Preparation of Students. Z.A., Kholdorov (2026). 4(1) 76–80.

  The rapid digitalization of education in the twenty-first century has fundamentally transformed both teaching and learning processes. While the integration of innovative pedagogical technologies offers unprecedented opportunities for enhancing student engagement accessibility and individualized learning it simultaneously presents complex challenges for the ethical and professional development of future specialists. In contemporary higher education students are expected not only to master technical tools and methods but also to demonstrate reflective judgment ethical decision-making and professional responsibility in technology-mediated environments.
• Fermentable Resistant Dextrin Links In-Vitro Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production to Human Microbiota Modulation. Kuznetsov, Yassine Jabar | Dmitry Sokolov | Nikolai (2026). 3(9) 44–49.

  Fermentable resistant dextrin has to survive upper-gastrointestinal digestion before it can act as a colonic substrate. We examined two high-fiber BALIMONT preparations using simulated digestion and an anaerobic fecal-microbiota model, then compared the formulation findings with randomized human microbiota studies. RD-1 and RD-Clear retained 83.6% and 85.2% resistant components during simulated digestion. Relative to ordinary maltodextrin (1.00), RD-1 produced 1.46 total SCFA, 1.39 acetate, 1.31 propionate and 1.22 butyrate; RD-Clear produced 1.58, 1.51, 1.42 and 1.34. Human studies of resistant dextrin/resistant maltodextrin have reported changes in Bacteroides, bifidobacteria, Fusicatenibacter and Parabacteroides, together with stool or metabolic-function changes that depend on dose and host microbiota. A 2026 randomized trial in 124 healthy men increased Parabacteroides to approximately 5.5% versus 1.4% with placebo but did not increase fecal SCFAs significantly. The formulation data and human findings therefore support a two-step research model: resistant substrate reaches the colon, then microbial composition and metabolic output are measured separately rather than assuming that fecal SCFAs must rise whenever fermentation changes.
• Die Rundfunksäule in Königswinter – Ein Propagandainstrument in der NS-Zeit. Hauptstock, Hans (2024). 91./92. 57–73.