Data4UrbanMobility presented the poster “ST-Discovery: Data-Driven Discovery of Structural Dependencies in Urban Road Networks” at the 2019 SIGSPATIAL conference (International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems). The poster paper discusses the identification of dependencies in urban road networks that are caused by the road network topology. The full poster paper is available here:  ST-Discovery: Data-Driven Discovery of Structural Dependencies in Urban Road Networks. Tempelmeier, Nicolas; Wage, Oskar; Feuerhake, Udo; Demidova, Elena. (2019) URL: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3359109

• Automatic Data Curation for Self-Supervised Learning: A Clustering-Based Approach. Vo, Huy V.; Khalidov, Vasil; Darcet, Timothée; Moutakanni, Théo; Smetanin, Nikita; Szafraniec, Marc; Touvron, Hugo; Couprie, Camille; Oquab, Maxime; Joulin, Armand; Jégou, Hervé; Labatut, Patrick; Bojanowski, Piotr (2024).
• Comparative Study of Data Reduction Methods in Electrical Impedance Tomography For Hand Sign Recognition. Ghoul, Bilel; Atitallah, Bilel Ben; Sahnoun, Salwa; Fakhfakh, Ahmed; Kanoun, Olfa (2024). (Vol. 1) 654–658.

  Several studies have shown that electrical impedance tomography (EIT) on the human forearm can be used to classify hand signs without the need for cameras or gloves. However, the amount of measured data is in relatively high, leading to long execution times and high processing complexity. In this study, we investigate the influence of reducing the number of EIT measurements on the classification accuracy. Four different algorithms were used to halve the number of measurements, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Chi-square tests, Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) and Laplacian scores. These algorithms were applied to a dataset of forearm EIT measurements corresponding to the practice of American Sign Language (ASL) in a healthy subject. The results show a slight drop in accuracy when using the quadratic support vector machine (SVM) classifier, with accuracy dropping from 95.3% to 93.4% in the best cases. A method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) was also used. This approach exploits the strengths of genetic algorithms in exploring a large solution space and converging on the near-optimal combination. This approach resulted in an increase in accuracy to 96.7%. The study demonstrated that the number of EIT measurements can be reduced without compromising overall accuracy.
• Real Time Parameter Estimation for Adaptive OFDM/OTFS Selection. Darghouthi, Amina (2024). 16(4)
• Non-Deterministic and Risk Based Security Services. Doddi, Srinivas Rao; Kotamraju, Akshay Krishna (2024). 22(1) 307–310.
• A pair of possible supernovae Refsdal in the Pantheon+ sample. Sanejouand, Yves-Henri (2024).
• A pair of possible supernovae Refsdal in the Pantheon+ sample. Sanejouand, Yves-Henri (2024).
• A Brain-Inspired Model of Reaching and Adaptation on the iCub Robot. Fietzek, Torsten; Ruff, Christoph; Hamker, Fred H. (2024).

  Motor learning is an important property for em-bodied agents and a wide variety of approaches has been developed for humanoid robots. One strategy is to study the human brain and replicate the structure and functionality of the brain in neuro-computational models. These models are built at different levels of abstraction to perform a variety of tasks. The presented work integrates a recent system-level neuro-computational model incorporating the motor cortex basal ganglia loops, the cerebellum and central pattern generators with the iCub robot. The iCub is a humanoid robot explicitly developed for cognitive research and well suited for manipulation and other motor tasks due to its high degrees of freedom. To test the performance of the model two experiments are conducted. In the first step a reaching task is carried out. Here, the task is to perform movements from a fixed initial position to different goal locations in the 3D-space. The results are compared to the prior performance of the model to verify the model and code adjustments and the learning abilities. In the second setup a simple motor adaptation task is realized, where an external shift perturbation is introduced to the arm motion, and the adaptation abilities of the model are investigated.
• Optimal feature subset deduction based on possibilistic feature quality classification and feature complementarity. Medhioub, Mouna; Bouhamed, Sonda Ammar; Kallel, Imene Khanfir; Derbel, Nabil; Kanoun, Olfa (2024). 249 123353.
• Digital Trace Data. Jungherr, Andreas (2024).
• Exploring the Real-Time Capability of Electrical Impedance Tomography for Hand Sign Recognition in Robotic Hand Control. Ghoul, Bilel; Atitallah, Bilel Ben; Barioul, Rim; Fakhfakh, Ahmed; Kanoun, Olfa (2024). 1–6.

  Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can monitor the influence of the muscle activity on the conductivity distribution across the forearm and is therefore suitable for Hand Sign Recognition (HSR). However, the method is relatively complex, so realizing real-time classification based on EIT measurements is still considered a major challenge. In addition, the accuracy of EIT for HSR is highly dependent on the injection configuration parameters applied. In this study, we investigate the influence of the injection configuration on the achieved accuracy of the hand robot control and the feasibility of a real-time classification based on EIT measurements. To assess real-time feasibility, experimental data have been collected for a sign set of 36 American Sign Language (ASL) performed by one healthy subject. Moreover, a comparative study of the adjacent, opposite, and cross injection configurations has been conducted on 10 subjects performing the ASL set. An ambiguity study based on the measured signals was performed to assess the discrimination potential between the hand signs. The adjacent EIT configuration exhibited higher sensitivity in discriminating hand signs. For a real-time classification, we propose the use of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model realizing an overall accuracy of 71.38%. To validate the system's real-time behavior, the classification result is visualized by a robotic hand reproducing 6 different hand signs from the 36 ASL set reaching an accuracy of 80%. The results demonstrate the potential of EIT to facilitate real-time Hand Sign Recognition for robot control applications.
• EDGE: Evaluation Framework for Logical vs. Subgraph Explanations for Node Classifiers on Knowledge Graphs. Sapkota, Rupesh; Köhler, Dominik; Heindorf, Stefan (2024).
• Investigation of Implicit and Contextual Cues for the Facilitation of Cooperative Automated Driving: A Qualitative Analysis. Dettmann, Andre; Berkemeier, Adelina; Felbel, Konstantin; Bullinger, Angelika C. (2024). 319–326.
• Comparative Study of sEMG Feature Evaluation Methods Based on the Hand Gesture Classification Performance. Hellara, Hiba; Barioul, Rim; Sahnoun, Salwa; Fakhfakh, Ahmed; Kanoun, Olfa (2024). 24(11)

  Effective feature extraction and selection are crucial for the accurate classification and prediction of hand gestures based on electromyographic signals. In this paper, we systematically compare six filter and wrapper feature evaluation methods and investigate their respective impacts on the accuracy of gesture recognition. The investigation is based on several benchmark datasets and one real hand gesture dataset, including 15 hand force exercises collected from 14 healthy subjects using eight commercial sEMG sensors. A total of 37 time- and frequency-domain features were extracted from each sEMG channel. The benchmark dataset revealed that the minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) feature evaluation method had the poorest performance, resulting in a decrease in classification accuracy. However, the RFE method demonstrated the potential to enhance classification accuracy across most of the datasets. It selected a feature subset comprising 65 features, which led to an accuracy of 97.14%. The Mutual Information (MI) method selected 200 features to reach an accuracy of 97.38%. The Feature Importance (FI) method reached a higher accuracy of 97.62% but selected 140 features. Further investigations have shown that selecting 65 and 75 features with the RFE methods led to an identical accuracy of 97.14%. A thorough examination of the selected features revealed the potential for three additional features from three specific sensors to enhance the classification accuracy to 97.38%. These results highlight the significance of employing an appropriate feature selection method to significantly reduce the number of necessary features while maintaining classification accuracy. They also underscore the necessity for further analysis and refinement to achieve optimal solutions.
• Unveiling the invisible: receivers use object weight cues for grip force planning in handover actions. Kopnarski, L.; Rudisch, J.; Kutz, D. F.; Voelcker-Rehage, C. (2024). 242(5) 1191–1202.

  Handover actions are part of our daily lives. Whether it is the milk carton at the breakfast table or tickets at the box office, we usually perform these joint actions without much conscious attention. The individual actions involved in handovers, that have already been studied intensively at the level of individual actions, are grasping, lifting, and transporting objects. Depending on the object's properties, actors must plan their execution in order to ensure smooth and efficient object transfer. Therefore, anticipatory grip force scaling is crucial. Grip forces are planned in anticipation using weight estimates based on experience or visual cues. This study aimed to investigate whether receivers are able to correctly estimate object weight by observing the giver's kinematics. For this purpose, handover actions were performed with 20 dyads, manipulating the participant role (giver/receiver) and varying the size and weight of the object. Due to the random presentation of the object weight and the absence of visual cues, the participants were unaware of the object weight from trial to trial. Kinematics were recorded with a motion tracking system and grip forces were recorded with customized test objects. Peak grip force rates were used as a measure of anticipated object weight. Results showed that receiver kinematics are significantly affected by object weight. The peak grip force rates showed that receivers anticipate object weight, but givers not. This supports the hypothesis that receivers obtain information about the object weight by observing giver's kinematics and integrating this information into their own action execution.
• eSim Guernsey. HolidayeSim (Nusal, ed.) (2024).
• Variable transformations in combination with wavelets and ANOVA for high-dimensional approximation. Potts, Daniel; Weidensager, Laura (2024). 50 53.

  We use hyperbolic wavelet regression for the fast reconstruction of high-dimensional functions having only low-dimensional variable interactions. Compactly supported periodic Chui-Wang wavelets are used for the tensorized hyperbolic wavelet basis on the torus. With a variable transformation, we are able to transform the approximation rates and fast algorithms from the torus to other domains. We perform and analyze scattered data approximation for smooth but arbitrary density functions by using a least squares method. The corresponding system matrix is sparse due to the compact support of the wavelets, which leads to a significant acceleration of the matrix vector multiplication. For non-periodic functions, we propose a new extension method. A proper choice of the extension parameter together with the piecewise polynomial Chui-Wang wavelets extends the functions appropriately. In every case, we are able to bound the approximation error with high probability. Additionally, if the function has a low effective dimension (i.e., only interactions of a few variables), we qualitatively determine the variable interactions and omit ANOVA terms with low variance in a second step in order to decrease the approximation error. This allows us to suggest an adapted model for the approximation. Numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed method.
• Ultra-Fast Edge Computing Approach for Hand Gesture Classification Based on EIT Measurements. Mnif, Mahdi; Sahnoun, Salwa; Kaaniche, Marouene; Atitallah, Bilel Ben; Fakhfakh, Ahmed; Kanoun, Olfa (2024). 1–7.

  Gesture-based robot control offers intuitive interaction between humans and robots, with applications ranging from industrial automation to assistive robotics. However, existing solutions face challenges in achieving real-time requirements while ensuring accurate gesture recognition. This paper presents a new edge computing-based approach for real-time control of robots using Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) measurements to classify hand gesture numbers in American Sign Language (ASL). Existing solutions for gesture recognition struggle to achieve real-time performance while maintaining accuracy and energy efficiency. This challenge becomes higher in the case of EIT because of its relative complexity. We focus therefore on leveraging the capabilities of the edge device to implement effectively the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) acceleration. The proposed solution combines hardware-aware optimization techniques to achieve fast and accurate gesture recognition by enabling rapid inference while minimizing energy consumption on a low-power resource-constrained device with Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) capabilities. The lightweight CNN model required only 10.2 s to train using the Keras library of TensorFlow and achieved an accuracy of 89.37% for 10 sign language classes, with only 66 μs taken to run inference on the hardware-accelerated microcontroller-based device.
• Flexible Oxide Electronics for Extreme Geometries and Mechanical Deformations. Münzenrieder, Niko; De Souza Oliveira, Hugo; Catania, Federica; Khaanghah, Niloofar Saeedzadeh; Lanthaler, Albert Heinrich; Corsino, Dianne; Cantarella, Giuseppe (2024). 08–11.
• Leading Manufacturer of High-Quality Coir Sheets | WeCoir. WeCoir (WeCoir, ed.) (2024).
• Computing Repairs Under Functional and Inclusion Dependencies via Argumentation. Mahmood, Yasir; Virtema, Jonni; Barlag, Timon; Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga (2024).
• Smoothing Out Smart Tech’s Rough Edges: Imperfect Automation and the Human Fix. Katzenbach, Christian; Pentzold, Christian; Viejo Otero, Paloma (2024). 7 23–43.
• SF3D: Stable Fast 3D Mesh Reconstruction with UV-unwrapping and Illumination Disentanglement. Boss, Mark; Huang, Zixuan; Vasishta, Aaryaman; Jampani, Varun (2024).
• The Role of Sea-ice Insulation Effects on the Probability of AMOC Transitions. van Westen, René M.; Jacques-Dumas, Valérian; Boot, Amber A.; Dijkstra, Henk A. (2024).
• The Ladder of Data Citizen Participation: A Sociotechnical Lens for Designing Democratic Digital Services in the Data Economy. Horn, Viktoria; Draude, Claude (2024).
• The Ladder of Data Citizen Participation: A Sociotechnical Lens for Designing Democratic Digital Services in the Data Economy. Horn, Viktoria; Draude, Claude (2024).
• Through the Lens of Google CrUX: Dissecting Web Browsing Experience Across Devices and Countries. Sengupta, Jayasree; Shreedhar, Tanya; Kramer, Robert; Bajpai, Vaibhav (2024). 509–514.

  User quality of experience in the context of Web browsing is being researched widely, with plenty of developments occurring alongside technological advances, not seldom driven by big industry players. With Google's huge reach and infrastructure, the Chrome User Experience Report (CrUX) provides quantitative real-life measurement data of a vast magnitude. Analysis of this steadily expanding dataset aggregating different user experience metrics, yields tangible insights into actual trends and developments. Hence, this paper is the first to study the CrUX dataset from the viewpoint of relevant metrics by quantitative evaluation of users' Web browsing experience across three device types and nine European countries. Analysis of data segmented by connection type in the device dimension shows desktops outperforming other device types for all metrics. Similar analysis in the country dimension, shows North European countries (Sweden, Finland) having maximum 4G connections (85.99%, 81.41% respectively) and steadily performing 25%-36% better at the 75th percentile across all metrics compared to the worst performing country. Such a high-level longitudinal analysis of real-life Web browsing experience provides an extensive base for future research.
• TripoSR: Fast 3D Object Reconstruction from a Single Image. Tochilkin, Dmitry; Pankratz, David; Liu, Zexiang; Huang, Zixuan; Letts, Adam; Li, Yangguang; Liang, Ding; Laforte, Christian; Jampani, Varun; Cao, Yan-Pei (2024).
• The Ladder of Data Citizen Participation: A Sociotechnical Lens for Designing Democratic Digital Services in the Data Economy. Horn, Viktoria; Draude, Claude (2024).

  In the data economy digital services of democratic value such as news platforms are embedded into unjust power imbalances and the intertwining of economic and civic objectives. The authors argue, to design proficient democratic digital services, power structures of the data economy and empowerment stages of data citizenship need to be made visible initially. To do so, a combination of Arnstein’s ‘Ladder of Citizen Participation’ and Rocha’s ‘Ladder of Empowerment’ is translated into the field of the data economy. A small interview study with niche actors from the field of online journalism is conducted to identify phenomena of their embedding into the sociotechnical landscape of the data economy. As a result, the Ladder of Data Citizen Participation is presented. Eventually, this article closes with implications for the sociotechnical design of democratic digital services and suggestions for future research.
• VFusion3D: Learning Scalable 3D Generative Models from Video Diffusion Models. Han, Junlin; Kokkinos, Filippos; Torr, Philip (2024).
• Towards Realistic Results for Instrumentation-Based Profilers for JIT-Compiled Systems. Burchell, Humphrey; Larose, Octave; Marr, Stefan in MPLR’24 (2024).

  Profilers are crucial tools for identifying and improving application performance. However, for language implementations with just-in-time (JIT) compilation, e.g., for Java and JavaScript, instrumentation-based profilers can have significant overheads and report unrealistic results caused by the instrumentation. In this paper, we examine state-of-the-art instrumentation-based profilers for Java to determine the realism of their results. We assess their overhead, the effect on compilation time, and the generated bytecode. We found that the profiler with the lowest overhead increased run time by 82x. Additionally, we investigate the realism of results by testing a profiler’s ability to detect whether inlining is enabled, which is an important compiler optimization. Our results document that instrumentation can alter program behavior so that performance observations are unrealistic, i.e., they do not reflect the performance of the uninstrumented program. As a solution, we sketch late-compiler-phase-based instrumentation for just-in-time compilers, which gives us the precision of instrumentation-based profiling with an overhead that is multiple magnitudes lower than that of standard instrumentation-based profilers, with a median overhead of 23.3% (min. 1.4%, max. 464%). By inserting probes late in the compilation process, we avoid interfering with compiler optimizations, which yields more realistic results.
• Casimir Effect in MEMS: Materials, Geometries, and Metrologies—A Review. Elsaka, Basma; Yang, Xiaohui; Kästner, Philipp; Dingel, Kristina; Sick, Bernhard; Lehmann, Peter; Buhmann, Stefan Yoshi; Hillmer, Hartmut (2024). 17(14) 3393.

  Casimir force densities, i.e., force per area, become very large if two solid material surfaces come closer together to each other than 10 nm. In most cases, the forces are attractive. In some cases, they can be repulsive depending on the solid materials and the fluid medium in between. This review provides an overview of experimental and theoretical studies that have been performed and focuses on four main aspects: (i) the combinations of different materials, (ii) the considered geometries, (iii) the applied experimental measurement methodologies and (iv) a novel self-assembly methodology based on Casimir forces. Briefly reviewed is also the influence of additional parameters such as temperature, conductivity, and surface roughness. The Casimir effect opens many application possibilities in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), where an overview is also provided. The knowledge generation in this fascinating field requires interdisciplinary approaches to generate synergetic effects between technological fabrication metrology, theoretical simulations, the establishment of adequate models, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Finally, multiple applications are addressed as a research roadmap.
• Pair coalescence times of ancestral lineages of two-dimensional logistic branching random walks. Birkner, Matthias; Depperschmidt, Andrej; Schlüter, Timo (2024).
• The impact of bionic prostheses on users’ self-perceptions: A qualitative study. Bretschneider, Maximilian; Meyer, Bertolt; Asbrock, Frank (2023). 241 104085.
• Marked Neural Spatio-Temporal Point Process Involving a Dynamic Graph Neural Network. Moallemy-Oureh, Alice; Beddar-Wiesing, Silvia; Nather, Rüdiger; Thomas, Josephine (2023). 1–7.

  Temporal Point Processes (TPPs) have recently become increasingly interesting for learning dynamics in graph data. A reason for this is that learning on dynamic graph data is becoming more relevant, since data from many scientific fields, ranging from mathematics, biology, social sciences, and physics to computer science, is naturally related and inherently dynamic. In addition, TPPs provide a meaningful characterization of event streams and a prediction mechanism for future events. Therefore, (semi-)parameterized Neural TPPs have been introduced whose characterization can be (partially) learned and, thus, enable the representation of more complex phenomena. However, the research on modeling dynamic graphs with TPPs is relatively young, and only a few models for node attribute changes or evolving edges have been proposed yet. To allow for learning on fully dynamic graph streams, i.e., graphs that can change in their structure (addition/deletion of nodes/edge) and in their node/edge attributes, we propose a Marked Neural Spatio-Temporal Point Process (MNSTPP). It leverages a Dynamic Graph Neural Network to learn a Marked TPP that handles attributes and spatial data to model and predict any event in a graph stream.
• The Effect of Implicit Cues in Lane Change Situations on Driving Discomfort. Felbel, Konstantin; Dettmann, André; Bullinger, Angelika C. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, H. Krömker (ed.) (2023). (Vol. 14049)
• Reconstruction of incomplete X-ray diffraction pole figures of oligocrystalline materials using deep learning. Meier, David; Ragunathan, Rishan; Degener, Sebastian; Liehr, Alexander; Vollmer, Malte; Niendorf, Thomas; Sick, Bernhard (2023). 13(1) 1–12.

  X-ray diffraction crystallography allows non-destructive examination of crystal structures. Furthermore, it has low requirements regarding surface preparation, especially compared to electron backscatter diffraction. However, up to now, X-ray diffraction has been highly time-consuming in standard laboratory conditions since intensities on multiple lattice planes have to be recorded by rotating and tilting. Furthermore, examining oligocrystalline materials is challenging due to the limited number of diffraction spots. Moreover, commonly used evaluation methods for crystallographic orientation analysis need multiple lattice planes for a reliable pole figure reconstruction. In this article, we propose a deep-learning-based method for oligocrystalline specimens, i.e., specimens with up to three grains of arbitrary crystal orientations. Our approach allows faster experimentation due to accurate reconstructions of pole figure regions, which we did not probe experimentally. In contrast to other methods, the pole figure is reconstructed based on only a single incomplete pole figure. To speed up the development of our proposed method and for usage in other machine learning algorithms, we introduce a GPU-based simulation for data generation. Furthermore, we present a pole widths standardization technique using a custom deep learning architecture that makes algorithms more robust against influences from the experiment setup and material.
• Spatio-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network for Remaining Useful Life Prediction. Huang, Zhixin; He, Yujiang; Sick, Bernhard (2023). 99–105.

  RUL prediction plays a crucial role in the health management of industrial systems. Given the increasing complexity of systems, data-driven predictive models have attracted significant research interest. Upon reviewing the existing literature, it appears that many studies either do not fully integrate both spatial and temporal features or employ only a single attention mechanism. Furthermore, there seems to be inconsistency in the choice of data normalization methods, particularly concerning operating conditions, which might influence predictive performance. To bridge these observations, this study presents the Spatio-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network. Our model combines graph neural networks and temporal convolutional neural networks for spatial and temporal feature extraction, respectively. The cascade of these extractors, combined with multihead attention mechanisms for both spatio-temporal dimensions, aims to improve predictive precision and refine model explainability. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on the CMAPSS dataset to evaluate the impact of unified versus clustering normalization. The findings suggest that our model performs state-of-the-art results using only the unified normalization. Additionally, when dealing with datasets with multiple operating conditions, cluster normalization enhances the performance of our proposed model by up to 27%.
• A Novel Inexpensive Camera-Based Photoelectric Barrier System for Accurate Flying Sprint Time Measurement. Uhlmann, Tom; Bräuer, Sabrina; Zaumseil, Falk; Brunnett, Guido (2023). 23(17)

  This paper introduces a novel approach to addressing the challenge of accurately timing short distance runs, a critical aspect in the assessment of athletic performance. Electronic photoelectric barriers, although recognized for their dependability and accuracy, have remained largely inaccessible to non-professional athletes and smaller sport clubs due to their high costs. A comprehensive review of existing timing systems reveals that claimed accuracies beyond 30 ms lack experimental validation across most available systems. To bridge this gap, a mobile, camera-based timing system is proposed, capitalizing on consumer-grade electronics and smartphones to provide an affordable and easily accessible alternative. By leveraging readily available hardware components, the construction of the proposed system is detailed, ensuring its cost-effectiveness and simplicity. Experiments involving track and field athletes demonstrate the proficiency of the proposed system in accurately timing short distance sprints. Comparative assessments against a professional photoelectric cells timing system reveal a remarkable accuracy of 62 ms, firmly establishing the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed system. This finding places the camera-based approach on par with existing commercial systems, thereby offering non-professional athletes and smaller sport clubs an affordable means to achieve accurate timing. In an effort to foster further research and development, open access to the device’s schematics and software is provided. This accessibility encourages collaboration and innovation in the pursuit of enhanced performance assessment tools for athletes.
• FSD: A novel forged document dataset and baseline. Jaiswal, Ankit Kumar; Singh, Shiksha; Tripathy, Santosh Kumar (2023). 1–6.

  Forgery detection in multimedia is an emerging research area in the field of digital content security. The current research focuses on finding several solutions to digital image forgery detection but a small number of works have been reported for scanned document forgery detection. The reason would be the unavailability of a forged scanned document (FSD) dataset. A scanned document can be manipulated in different ways: deleting a region, copy paste a region of the document either in the same document or in another document. Detection of these manipulations becomes arduous when a post-processing operation is performed on the manipulated region. To advance research in this field, we created a large dataset for the FSD. To generate such a dataset, we collected scanned documents from the FUNSD dataset (Publicly Available). The resolution of each sample of the dataset is of size 755x1000. The samples of the dataset are forged using different post-processing operations. The dataset comprises 6656 instances of manipulated scanned documents with their ground truth masks. To build the baseline for forged scanned document detection, we evaluated state-of-the-art object segmentation algorithms on the FSD dataset. Experiments demonstrate that the FSD well represents forged scanned documents and is quite challenging.
• Optimizing a superconducting radio-frequency gun using deep reinforcement learning. Meier, David; Ramirez, Luis Vera; Völker, Jens; Viefhaus, Jens; Sick, Bernhard; Hartmann, Gregor (2022). 25(10) 104604.

  Superconducting photoelectron injectors are promising for generating highly brilliant pulsed electron beams with high repetition rates and low emittances. Experiments such as ultrafast electron diffraction, experiments at the Terahertz scale, and energy recovery linac applications require such properties. However, optimizing the beam properties is challenging due to the high number of possible machine parameter combinations. This article shows the successful automated optimization of beam properties utilizing an already existing simulation model. To reduce the required computation time, we replace the costly simulation with a faster approximation with a neural network. For optimization, we propose a reinforcement learning approach leveraging the simple computation of the derivative of the approximation. We prove that our approach outperforms standard optimization methods for the required function evaluations given a defined minimum accuracy.
• Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision. Radford, Alec; Kim, Jong Wook; Hallacy, Chris; Ramesh, Aditya; Goh, Gabriel; Agarwal, Sandhini; Sastry, Girish; Askell, Amanda; Mishkin, Pamela; Clark, Jack; Krueger, Gretchen; Sutskever, Ilya (2021).
• A Philosophy of Software Design Osterhout, John (2021). (2nd ed.) Yaknyam Press.
• Annette von Droste-Hülshoff: Die Judenbuche (1842). Huszai, Villö Dorothea; Fehlmann, Ralph (2020). 112–116.
• NeRF: Representing Scenes as Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis. Mildenhall, Ben; Srinivasan, Pratul P.; Tancik, Matthew; Barron, Jonathan T.; Ramamoorthi, Ravi; Ng, Ren (2020).
• HISTSFC: Optimization for ND Massive Spatial Points Querying. Liu, Haicheng (2020). 12(3) 07–28.

  Space Filling Curve (SFC) mapping-based clustering and indexing works effectively for point clouds management and querying. It maps both points and queries into a one-dimensional SFC space so that B+- tree could be utilized. Based on the basic structure, this paper develops a generic HistSFC approach which utilizes a histogram tree recording point distribution for efficient querying. The goal is to resolve the issue of skewed data querying. Besides, the paper proposes an agile method to compute a continuous Level of Detail (cLoD), and integrates it into HistSFC to support smooth rendering of massive points. Results indicate that for range queries, HistSFC decreases the False Positive Rate (FPR) of selection by maximally 80%, compared to previous approaches. It also performs significantly faster than the state-of- the-art Oracle SDO_PC solution. With improved performance on visualization and k Nearest Neighbour (kNN) search, HistSFC can therefore be used as a new standard solution.
• "Mutter, lügen die Förster?". Judith Kuckarts dramatische Adaption der "Judenbuche" als Versuch über den Umgang mit Alteritäten. Morrien, Rita (2019). 12 239–253.
• Die Judenbuche. Ein Sittengemälde aus dem gebirgigten Westphalen. Korten, Lars J. G. Cornelia Blasberg (ed.) (2018). 505–529.
• Auf den Spuren der "Judenbuche". Voloj, Julian (2015). 15(3) 20–21.
• "Ein zweites Recht". Oder: Die Möglichkeiten der Fiktion. Zur fiktionstheoretischen Basis unzuverlässigen Erzählens in Annette von Droste-Hülshoffs "Judenbuche". Meixner, Sebastian R. Babel (ed.) (2014). 109–121.
• Blutlese. Annette von Droste-Hülshoffs "Die Judenbuche". Helfer, Martha (2013). 126–170.
• "Bei uns zulande auf dem Lande" und "Die Judenbuche" von Annette von Droste-Hülshoff (1797-1848). Gössmann, Wilhelm (2012). 134–135.
• "Die Judenbuche" und die Narbe des Odysseus. Zur Vorgeschichte des Realismus. Calhoon, Kenneth Scott K. S. Michael Neumann (ed.) (2011). 337–347.
• "Die Judenbuche" und ihr Mörder. Kritik an einem kanonisierten Vorurteil. Heine, Marcel Thomas (2011). 8 53–63.
• Überhörtes Leid – ungeahndete Verbrechen. Annette von Droste-Hülshoffs "Die Judenbuche". Schmitz-Burgard, Sylvia (2010). 8 63–103.
• Annette von Droste-Hülshoff "Die Judenbuche". Ein Sittengemälde aus dem gebirgichten Westphalen (1842). Doering-Manteuffel, Sabine H. Z. Günter Butzer (ed.) (2010). 109–125.
• Kapitalverbrechen und familiäre Vergehen. Zur Struktur der Verdoppelung in Droste-Hülshoffs "Judenbuche". Wortmann, Thomas I. H. Claudia Liebrand (ed.) (2010). 315–337.
• Ein Spruch, der wahr sei. Hans Grimms Verarbeitung eines Motivs aus Annette von Droste-Hülshoffs "Judenbuche". Pakendorf, Gunther (2010). 38 9–22.
• Eine Familiengeschichte in neuer Version: Die Judenbuche. Liebrand, Claudia (2008). 195–232.
• Ironie und Ethik in Annette von Droste-Hülshoffs "Judenbuche" Schaum, Konrad (2004). Winter, Heidelberg.
• "[...] ich habe Euch ein schweres Gewissen zu danken". Eine psychoanalytische Interpretation der "Judenbuche". Greve, Gisela H. E. H. Gisela Greve (ed.) (2003). 11–33.
• Annette von Droste-Hülshoff: "Die Judenbuche, 1831/42". Wittkowski, Wolfgang (2002). 167–192.
• Die Kriminalgeschichte als sozialer und religiöser Modellfall. Droste-Hülshoff, "Die Judenbuche", 1842. Borchmeyer, Dieter C. K. Klaus-Michael Bogdal (ed.) (2000). 70–73.
• Bellersen. Das Dorf B. der "Judenbuche" von Annette von Droste-Hülshoff. Krus, Horst-Dieter (2000). 6 32–32.
• Die Wirklichkeit des Frauenlebens: "Die Judenbuche". Yi, Mi-Seon (2000). 103–119.
• Bayesian Theory Bernardo, José M.; Smith, Adrian F. M. in Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics (2000). Wiley, Chichester.
• Das magische Gesetz der hebräischen Sprache. Drostes "Judenbuche" und der spätromantische Diskurs über die jüdische Magie. Kilcher, Andreas B. (1999). 118(2) 234–265.
• "Ist er kein Jude, so verdient er einer zu sein". Droste-Hülshoff’s "Die Judenbuche" and Religious Anti-Semitism. Donahue, William Collins (1999). 72(1) 44–73.
• "Was ist die Liebe?". Ein problemgeschichtliches Rätsel in der Prosa der Restaurationszeit und im Werk der Droste. Köhn, Lothar E. Ribbat (ed.) (1998). 71–93.
• Hinter den Spiegeln: Mergels Uhr und Aarons Risiko. Schmidt, Michael B. W. Johannes Heil (ed.) (1997). 171–192.
• The "Bauernhochzeit" in Droste’s "Die Judenbuche". A contemporary reading. Pickar, Gertrud Bauer L. Bodi (ed.) (1995). 68–93.
• Bayesian Theory Bernardo, José M.; Smith, Adrain F. M. in Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (1994). (First ) Wiley, Chichester.
• The Specter of Anti-Semitism in and around Annette von Droste-Hülshoff’s "Judenbuche". Doerr, Karin (1994). 17(3) 447–471.
• "Friedrich Mergel, geboren 1738 im Dorfe B.". Von den Namen in Annette Droste-Hülshoffs Novelle "Die Judenbuche". Rölleke, Heinz (1991). 209–216.
• Where the Devil leads: Peasant superstitions in George Sand’s "Petite fadette" and Droste-Hülshoff’s "Judenbuche". Godwin-Jones, Robert (1983). 10(1) 221–238.
• Zur Deutungsproblematik der "Judenbuche" - semiotisch gesehen. Zeller, Hans (W. Woesler, ed.) (1982). 1978-1982(5) 95–104.
• Die Judenbuche. Erläuterungen und Dokumente Droste-Hülshoff, Annette in Universal-Bibliothek, (W. Huge, ed.) (1981). Reclam, Stuttgart.
• Die Literarisierung eines Kriminalfalls. Woesler, Winfried (1980). 99 5–21.
• Der Verbrecher in der deutschen Prosaliteratur des ausgehenden achtzehnten und des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), Barsch, Maria Benedikta (1978).
• The Real Mystery in Droste-Hülshoff’s "Die Judenbuche". Brown, Jane K. (1978). 73(4) 835–846.
• Kann man das Wesen gewöhnlich aus dem Namen lesen? Zur Bedeutung der Namen in der "Judenbuche" der Annette von Droste-Hülshoff. Rölleke, Heinz (1976). 70(4) 409–414.
• Die Narbe des Friedrich Mergel. Zur Aufklärung eines literarischen Motivs in Annette von Droste-Hülshoffs "Die Judenbuche". Oppermann, Gerard (1976). 50(3) 449–464.
• Annette von Droste-Hülshoff: Die Judenbuche. Freund, Winfried (1975). 63–73.
• Das Doppelgängermotiv in der Judenbuche. Murakami, Fumihiko (1975). (16) 78–86.
• Miszelle zur Judenbuche. Rölleke, Heinz (W. Woesler, ed.) (1973). 1972-1973(2) 139–140.
• Der Algerier. Der Stoff zur Novelle "Die Judenbuche" von Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, nach August von Haxthausen. Kiepke, Rudolf (1972). 22(9) 138–139.
• "Die Judenbuche" and English Literature. Thomas, L. H. C. (1969). 64(2) 351–354.
• "Die Judenbuche. Von der lebenden Gegenwärtigkeit einer "historischen" Novelle. Kleinwächter, Johannes (1963). 18–20.
• Erläuterungen zu Annette von Droste-Hülshoffs "Die Judenbuche" Woyte, Oswald in Wilhelm Königs Erläuterungen zu den Klassikern (1957). Bange, Hollfeld/Oberfranken.
• Die Vorfabel der "Judenbuche". Flaskamp, Franz (1956). 10–14.
• Bildsymbole in der deutschen Novelle. von Wiese, Benno (1955). 24(1) 131–158.
• Droste-Hülshoff, "Die Judenbuche". Silz, Walter (1954). 36–51.
• Studie zum Erzählstil der Judenbuche. Hoffmann, Lore (1950). 2 137–147.
• Problems of "Weltanschauung" in the Works of Annette von Droste-Hülshoff. Silz, Walter (1949). 64(4) 678–700.
• Ueber eine Oertlichkeit der Judenbuche von Annette Droste. Oeke, Wilhelm (1934). (121) 504–504.
• Die Örtlichkeiten in der "Judenbuche" der Annette von Droste. Oeke, Wilhelm (1927). (26)
• Vom Realismus der Droste. Antz, Joseph (1912). 25(6) 308–310.
• Der Weg zur Form. Ästhetische Abhandlungen vornehmlich zur Tragödie und Novelle Ernst, Paul (1906). Bard, Berlin.
• Eine Novelle und ihre Quellen III. Franzos, Karl Emil (1897). 61(53) 632–633.
• Der Westfälische Antiquarius. Schücking, Levin (1866). (5)
• Der Westfälische Antiquarius. Schücking, Levin (1866). (4)