Data4UrbanMobility was presented on the 20th November 2018 during the Leibniz Startup & Industry Event Artificial Intelligence. The PROJEKTIONISTEN® GmbH together with the Research Center L3S explained current project outcomes like the D4UM-App and the Dashboard to interested visitors.

We very much enjoyed the interesting discussion and are very happy about all participants in our Citizen Science App “MiC – Move in the City”.

• Ready for VR? Assessing VR Competence and Exploring the Role of Human Abilities and Characteristics. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Heinisch, Melina; Mühling, Tobias; Schreiner, Verena; König, Sarah; Latoschik, Marc Erich (2025).

  The use of VR for educational purposes provides the opportunity for integrating VR applications into assessments or graded examinations. Interacting with an VR environment requires specific human abilities, thus suggesting the existence of a VR competence. With regard to the emerging field of VR-based examinations, this VR competence might influence a candidate's final grade and hence should be taken into account. In this paper, we proposed and developed a VR competence assessment application. The application features eight individual challenges that are based on generic 3D interaction techniques. In a pilot study, we measured the performance of 18 users. By identifying significant correlations between VR competence score, previous VR experience and theoretically-grounded contributing human abilities and characteristics, we provide first evidence that our VR competence assessment is effective. In addition, we provide first data that a specific VR competence exists. Our analyses further revealed that mainly spatial ability but also immersive tendency correlated with VR competence scores. These insights not only allow educators and researchers to assess and potentially equalize the VR competence level of their subjects, but also help designers to provide effective tutorials for first-time VR users.
• Unveiling the multifunctional use of ochre in the Middle Stone Age: Specialized ochre retouchers from Blombos Cave. Velliky, Elizabeth C.; d’Errico, Francesco; van Niekerk, Karen L.; Henshilwood, Christopher S. (2025). 11(26) eads2797.

  Ochre, an iron-rich pigment, is widely associated with symbolic communication, but its functional applications in the Middle Stone Age (MSA) remain poorly understood. Experimental and ethnographic evidence suggests ochre being useful for hide tanning, hafting adhesives, and skin protection, although direct archeological evidence is scarce. We address this gap by presenting ochre tools from Blombos Cave, South Africa, found in Still Bay to pre–Still Bay layers dated 90 to 70,000 years ago. Seven ochre pieces were deliberately modified into lithic retouchers, showing clear use-wear patterns and evidence of intentional shaping. Targeted experiments confirm that some were used for pressure flaking and were rejuvenated to maintain function. These findings provide direct evidence of ochre being used to retouch lithic artifacts during the MSA, highlighting its role in technological systems of this period. The results emphasize the multifunctionality of ochre and suggest that such curated tools may have held personal, cultural, or technological significance within early modern human communities. Seven ochre artifacts from Blombos Cave show evidence of lithic retouching and pressure flaking, revealing specialized MSA tools.
• Energy Efficient Virtual MIMO Communication Designed for Cluster based on Cooperative WSN using Oleach Protocol. Upreti, Shitiz; Naruka, Mahaveer Singh (N. Meghanathan, ed.) (2025). 17(3) 73–88.

  Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) use a vast number of sensor nodes to monitor physical states. The restricted energy supplies of sensor nodes is a significant issue in wireless communication systems. Virtual MIMO (vMIMO) is an implementation that can potentially optimize the energy efficiency in WSNs by sending or receiving data from a large number of nodes, improving the signal quality, and minimizing power. This research presents Energy-Efficient Virtual MIMO Communication (EE-VMC), a new solution to Wireless Sensor Networks' (WSNs) energy efficiency problem. EE-VMC provides a practicable solution to long-term cooperative cluster-based WSN deployments with communication via virtual Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO).In order to spread energy efficiency through effective communication and reduced energy use, the proposed approach uses an enhanced LEACH (OLEACH) protocol. The OLEACH method performs well for wireless sensor networks, according to simulation data. At a level of -10dB of SNR, OLEACH provides the best Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), which demonstrates improved performance in low signal-to-noise ratio. Increasing antennas enhances the performance of data delivery of OLEACH. Compared to cutting-edge protocols (LEACH, HEED, BRICH, and B-LEACH), OLEACH consistently outperforms them as far as PDR, SNR values, and rounds of data transfer are concerned. Furthermore, OLEACH has greater residual energy levels, a sign of enhanced energy management and enhanced network lifetime. The conclusions are supported by the results to further ascertain that OLEACH is a prospective algorithm for optimizing energy usage, enhancing packet delivery, and enhancing general performance of networks within wireless sensor networks.
• The Gulf Stream: Its History and Links to Coastal Impacts and Climate Change. Ezer, Tal (2025).

  The Gulf Stream (GS) is possibly the world's most widely recognized oceanic feature—from encounters by Spanish sailors in the 1500s, to Benjamin Franklin's charts in the 1700s, to early observations by Stommel and other in the 1900s. Today, modern undersea observations, satellite data, and computer models have revealed the GS's complex nature, though some challenges remain. This review provides an overview of past and recent studies of the GS, with a focus on links between the GS, extreme weather events, climate change, and coastal impacts. Examples of those links include a potential slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the GS that could increase coastal flooding, and hurricanes that disrupt the flow of the GS and cause posthurricane coastal sea level rise. A better understanding of the role of the GS in the Earth's system will help in the prediction of future climate change.
• Control of photoluminescence properties by tailored supramolecular matrices. Würthner, Frank; Hariharan, Mahesh (2025). 7(5) 208–224.

  Photoluminescence (PL) is a property of great interest in science and technology. Here we review recent approaches for the control of fluorescence and phosphorescence by tailored supramolecular environments. Taking recent examples from solid-state materials as applied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), supramolecular complexes, cyclophanes, foldamers, and protein–dye complexes, as well as DNA and RNA aptamers, we showcase how specific ‘smart’ matrices can modulate PL properties including brightness, quantum yield, wavelength, and lifetime. From the examples collected in this review it becomes evident that, by means of an advanced understanding of specific interactions of chromophores with the surrounding matrix, relevant processes in the excited state can be controlled in a desired way, leading to improved light-emitting materials.
• The role of insularity: Plants have few ornithophilous traits but are visited by morphologically more distinct hummingbirds in the Caribbean islands. Vollstädt, Maximillian G. R.; Jensen, Rasmus D.; Maruyama, Pietro K.; Schleuning, Matthias; Araújo‐Hoffmann, Francielle P.; Sazima, Marlies; Sonne, Jesper; Schrøder, Taia S. O.; Møller‐Stranges, Fredrik; Abrahamczyk, Stefan; Ramírez‐Burbano, Mónica B.; de Vasconcelos, Marcelo Ferreira; Tinoco, Boris A.; Maglianesi, María A.; Partida‐Lara, Ruth; Vázquez‐Pérez, José Raúl; Enríquez, Paula L.; Rech, André Rodrigo; Coelho, Aline G.; Gonçalves, Fernando; da Silva Neto, Edvaldo Nunes; Filho, Manoel Martins Dias; Reis, Matheus; Marín‐Gómez, Oscar H.; Ornelas, Juan Francisco; Cotton, Peter A.; Oliveira, Paulo Eugenio; Machado, Adriana Oliveira; Vizentin‐Bugoni, Jeferson; Bergamo, Pedro Joaquim; Lara, Carlos; Rocca, Márcia Alexandra; Sazima, Ivan; Gonzalez, Oscar; Fischer, Erich; Araujo, Andréa C.; Ortiz‐Pulido, Raúl; Patiño, Blanca; López, Rubén Pineda; Watts, Stella; Alarcon, Ruben; Machado, Caio Graco; Las‐Casas, Flor Maria G.; Simmons, Benno I.; Kaiser‐Bunbury, Christopher N.; Bilde, Trine; Dalsgaard, Bo (2025). 39 1678–1692.
• Swarming rate and timing of unmanaged honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera carnica) in a forest environment. Rutschmann, B.; Kohl, P. L.; Steffan-Dewenter, I. (2025).

  Investigating the life history of social insect colonies and the demography of their populations are important for their conservation, but data collection is challenging. There is a growing interest in understanding the population status of wild-living honeybee colonies across Europe, for which it is critical to collect data on survival and natality rates. Although survival rates can be investigated through regular inspections of wild nests, the accurate quantification of natality rates (i.e., the number of swarms produced per colony per year) remains a significant challenge. Using digital weight scales, we remotely monitored the natural swarming behavior of ten unmanaged Apis mellifera carnica colonies housed in static-volume hives (45 L) in a forest region of southern Germany. During the 2019 season, between mid-May and late June, we recorded 17 swarming events, averaging 1.7 swarms per colony. Our observations offer a reference point for the timing, frequency, and size of honeybee swarms that helps us understand the natural reproductive patterns of wild-living honeybees in a temperate forest environment.
• The Significance of Genetic Relatedness and Nest Sharing on the Worker‐Worker Similarity of Gut Bacterial Microbiome and Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile in a Sweat Bee. Ronchetti, Federico; Schmitt, Thomas; Keller, Alexander; García‐Reina, Andrés; De la Rua, Pilar; Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf; Polidori, Carlo (2025). 15(6) e71519.
• RNN-GAN Integration for Enhanced Voice-Based Email Accessibility: A Comparative Study for Visually Impaired Users. Deepti, A R; K, Vivek; Basith, Farzeen; Manimekala, B (2025).
• Hybrid Transformer-Based Classification for Web-Based Injection Attack Detection: A Novel Roberta-XLNet Approach. Seethawaka, Ranuja; Nambuwasam, Chathurya; Chandrasiri, D.K.W.G.G.T.; Kavithma, K.A.S.; Fernando, Harinda; Wijesooriya, Ayesha (D. S. Kumar, ed.) (2025). 1(4) 35–39.

  In wind energy conversion system voltage control and reactive power compensation is the main problem. This paper presents vector oriented control of three-phase voltage source pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter which aims to control of active and reactive power injected into the grid. A wind driven Induction Generator in Self excited mode feed power to load through a ac-dc-ac converter. The modulation index of the inverter is adjusted using vector oriented control to enhance the active power export and reduce the reactive power requirement. The scheme is modeled in Matlab/Simulink and simulation is carried out to study the performance at varying wind speed.
• Sustainable visions: unsupervised machine learning insights on global development goals. García-Rodríguez, Alberto; Núñez, Matias; Pérez, Miguel Robles; Govezensky, Tzipe; Barrio, Rafael A; Gershenson, Carlos; Kaski, Kimmo K; Tagüeña, Julia (2025). 20(3)
• Extreme synchronization transitions. Lee, Seungjae; Kuklinski, Lennart J.; Timme, Marc (2025). 16(1)
• Feasibility study of a mission to Sedna -- Nuclear propulsion and advanced solar sailing concepts. Ancona, Elena; Kezerashvili, Roman Ya.; Longo, Savino (2025).

  Exploring the outer reaches of the Solar System presents significant propulsion and mission design challenges. This study assesses the feasibility of a mission to Sedna using two advanced propulsion concepts: the Direct Fusion Drive (DFD) rocket engine, based on D-3He thermonuclear fusion, and a solar sail utilizing thermal desorption of its coating for propulsion. Both are evaluated for a one-way Earth-to-Sedna mission; however, due to the different performances the DFD would enable orbit insertion, whereas for the solar sail a flyby is envisioned. The analysis evaluates key mission parameters, including delivered payload capacity, travel time, and potential science return. For the DFD, we assume a 1.6 MW system with constant thrust and specific impulse, while for the solar sail, we consider acceleration via thermal desorption and a gravity-assist maneuver around Jupiter. The mission analysis incorporates four key phases: departure, interplanetary acceleration, interplanetary coasting, and rendezvous. Sedna is expected to pass through the perihelion of its orbit in 2075--2076 and then move again away from the Sun. Considering the distances involved, a mission targeting the object would need to be launched "relatively" soon, especially if using conventional propulsion systems, which could require up to 30 years of deep-space travel. In our study, results indicate that the DFD could reach Sedna in approximately 10 years, with 1.5 years of thrusting, while the solar sail, assisted by Jupiter's gravity, could complete the journey in 7 years. The feasibility of science payload accommodation, power availability, and communication constraints is also considered. These findings provide a comparative foundation for future deep-space mission planning.
• ANTS: Abstractive Entity Summarization in Knowledge Graphs. Firmansyah, Asep Fajar; Zahera, Hamada M.; Sherif, Mohamed Ahmed; and Moussallem, Diego; Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille (2025).
• Learning Theory from First Principles Bach, Francis (2025). The MIT Press.
• Semi-Supervised Learning with Noisy Labels Kober, Paula (2025).
• Generating Single Cell RNA-seq Data with Diffusion Models Fuchs, Felix (2025).
• Stretch to stretch, dust to dust: low-value local \($H_0$\) measurement from two-population modelling of type Ia supernovae. Wojtak, Radosław; Hjorth, Jens (2025).
• Graphs With Polarities. Baez, John C.; Chaudhuri, Adittya (2025).

  In fields ranging from business to systems biology, directed graphs with edges labeled by signs are used to model systems in a simple way: the nodes represent entities of some sort, and an edge indicates that one entity directly affects another either positively or negatively. Multiplying the signs along a directed path of edges lets us determine indirect positive or negative effects, and if the path is a loop we call this a positive or negative feedback loop. Here we generalize this to graphs with edges labeled by a monoid, whose elements represent `polarities' possibly more general than simply "positive" or "negative". We study three notions of morphism between graphs with labeled edges, each with its own distinctive application: to refine a simple graph into a complicated one, to transform a complicated graph into a simple one, and to find recurring patterns called "motifs". We construct three corresponding symmetric monoidal double categories of "open" graphs. We study feedback loops using a generalization of the homology of a graph to homology with coefficients in a commutative monoid. In particular, we describe the emergence of new feedback loops when we compose open graphs using a variant of the Mayer-Vietoris exact sequence for homology with coefficients in a commutative monoid.
• Federated Generalised Variational Inference: A Robust Probabilistic Federated Learning Framework. Mildner, Terje; Hamelijnck, Oliver; Giampouras, Paris; Damoulas, Theodoros (2025).

  We introduce FedGVI, a probabilistic Federated Learning (FL) framework that is robust to both prior and likelihood misspecification. FedGVI addresses limitations in both frequentist and Bayesian FL by providing unbiased predictions under model misspecification, with calibrated uncertainty quantification. Our approach generalises previous FL approaches, specifically Partitioned Variational Inference (Ashman et al., 2022), by allowing robust and conjugate updates, decreasing computational complexity at the clients. We offer theoretical analysis in terms of fixed-point convergence, optimality of the cavity distribution, and provable robustness to likelihood misspecification. Further, we empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of FedGVI in terms of improved robustness and predictive performance on multiple synthetic and real world classification data sets.
• Detecting LLM-Generated Peer Reviews. Rao, Vishisht; Kumar, Aounon; Lakkaraju, Himabindu; Shah, Nihar B. (2025).

  The integrity of peer review is fundamental to scientific progress, but the rise of large language models (LLMs) has introduced concerns that some reviewers may rely on these tools to generate reviews rather than writing them independently. Although some venues have banned LLM-assisted reviewing, enforcement remains difficult as existing detection tools cannot reliably distinguish between fully generated reviews and those merely polished with AI assistance. In this work, we address the challenge of detecting LLM-generated reviews. We consider the approach of performing indirect prompt injection via the paper's PDF, prompting the LLM to embed a covert watermark in the generated review, and subsequently testing for presence of the watermark in the review. We identify and address several pitfalls in naïve implementations of this approach. Our primary contribution is a rigorous watermarking and detection framework that offers strong statistical guarantees. Specifically, we introduce watermarking schemes and hypothesis tests that control the family-wise error rate across multiple reviews, achieving higher statistical power than standard corrections such as Bonferroni, while making no assumptions about the nature of human-written reviews. We explore multiple indirect prompt injection strategies--including font-based embedding and obfuscated prompts--and evaluate their effectiveness under various reviewer defense scenarios. Our experiments find high success rates in watermark embedding across various LLMs. We also empirically find that our approach is resilient to common reviewer defenses, and that the bounds on error rates in our statistical tests hold in practice. In contrast, we find that Bonferroni-style corrections are too conservative to be useful in this setting.
• The Beginner’s Textbook for Fully Homomorphic Encryption. Ko, Ronny (2025).

  Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic scheme that enables computations to be performed directly on encrypted data, as if the data were in plaintext. After all computations are performed on the encrypted data, it can be decrypted to reveal the result. The decrypted value matches the result that would have been obtained if the same computations were applied to the plaintext data. FHE supports basic operations such as addition and multiplication on encrypted numbers. Using these fundamental operations, more complex computations can be constructed, including subtraction, division, logic gates (e.g., AND, OR, XOR, NAND, MUX), and even advanced mathematical functions such as ReLU, sigmoid, and trigonometric functions (e.g., sin, cos). These functions can be implemented either as exact formulas or as approximations, depending on the trade-off between computational efficiency and accuracy. FHE enables privacy-preserving machine learning by allowing a server to process the client's data in its encrypted form through an ML model. With FHE, the server learns neither the plaintext version of the input features nor the inference results. Only the client, using their secret key, can decrypt and access the results at the end of the service protocol. FHE can also be applied to confidential blockchain services, ensuring that sensitive data in smart contracts remains encrypted and confidential while maintaining the transparency and integrity of the execution process. Other applications of FHE include secure outsourcing of data analytics, encrypted database queries, privacy-preserving searches, efficient multi-party computation for digital signatures, and more. As this book is an open project (this https URL), we welcome FHE experts to join us as collaborators to help expand the draft.
• Ready for VR? Assessing VR Competence and Exploring the Role of Human Abilities and Characteristics. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Heinisch, Melina; Mühling, Tobias; Schreiner, Verena; König, Sarah; Latoschik, Marc Erich (2025).

  The use of VR for educational purposes provides the opportunity for integrating VR applications into assessments or graded examinations. Interacting with an VR environment requires specific human abilities, thus suggesting the existence of a VR competence. With regard to the emerging field of VR-based examinations, this VR competence might influence a candidate's final grade and hence should be taken into account. In this paper, we proposed and developed a VR competence assessment application. The application features eight individual challenges that are based on generic 3D interaction techniques. In a pilot study, we measured the performance of 18 users. By identifying significant correlations between VR competence score, previous VR experience and theoretically-grounded contributing human abilities and characteristics, we provide first evidence that our VR competence assessment is effective. In addition, we provide first data that a specific VR competence exists. Our analyses further revealed that mainly spatial ability but also immersive tendency correlated with VR competence scores. These insights not only allow educators and researchers to assess and potentially equalize the VR competence level of their subjects, but also help designers to provide effective tutorials for first-time VR users.
• Nonuniversality of inflammaging across human populations. Franck, Maximilien; Tanner, Kamaryn T.; Tennyson, Robert L.; Daunizeau, Camille; Ferrucci, Luigi; Bandinelli, Stefania; Trumble, Benjamin C.; Kaplan, Hillard S.; Aronoff, Jacob E.; Stieglitz, Jonathan; Kraft, Thomas S.; Lea, Amanda J.; Venkataraman, Vivek V.; Wallace, Ian J.; Lim, Yvonne A. L.; Ng, Kee Seong; Yeong, Joe Poh Sheng; Ho, Roger; Lim, Xinru; Mehrjerd, Ameneh; Charalambous, Eleftheria G.; Aiello, Allison E.; Pawelec, Graham; Franceschi, Claudio; Hertel, Johannes; Fülöp, Tamàs; Lemoine, Maël; Gurven, Michael; Cohen, Alan A. (2025).

  Inflammaging, an age-associated increase in chronic inflammation, is considered a hallmark of aging. However, there is no consensus approach to measuring inflammaging based on circulating cytokines. Here we assessed whether an inflammaging axis detected in the Italian InCHIANTI dataset comprising 19 cytokines could be generalized to a different industrialized population (Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study) or to two indigenous, nonindustrialized populations: the Tsimane from the Bolivian Amazon and the Orang Asli from Peninsular Malaysia. We assessed cytokine axis structure similarity and whether the inflammaging axis replicating the InCHIANTI result increased with age or was associated with health outcomes. The Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study was similar to InCHIANTI except for IL-6 and IL-1RA. The Tsimane and Orang Asli showed markedly different axis structures with little to no association with age and no association with age-related diseases. Inflammaging, as measured in this manner in these cohorts, thus appears to be largely a byproduct of industrialized lifestyles, with major variation across environments and populations.
• Stretch to stretch, dust to dust: low-value local \($H_0$\) measurement from two-population modelling of type Ia supernovae. Wojtak, Radosław; Hjorth, Jens (2025).
• Eye-to-Eye or Face-to-Face? Face and Head Substitution for Co-Located AR. Kullmann, Peter; Schell, Theresa; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich (J. Saint-Aubert, ed.) (2025). 6
• On the role of AMOC weakening in shaping wintertime Euro-Atlantic atmospheric circulation. Vacca, Andrea Vito; Bellomo, Katinka; Fabiano, Federico; von Hardenberg, Jost (2025). 63(6) 273.

  Climate change simulations project the slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the 21st century, though the rate and extent of the decline vary across models. In the Euro-Atlantic region, where the AMOC strongly influences sea surface temperature (SST) variability, climate projections also show significant uncertainty in the evolution of large-scale atmospheric circulation. We hypothesise that the decline of the AMOC and the uncertainty in Euro-Atlantic atmospheric circulation are interconnected. To test this, we analyse three coordinated experiments from the CMIP6 archive (SSP2\\($\$\)-\\($\$\)4.5, SSP5\\($\$\)-\\($\$\)8.5 and abrupt-4xCO2) adopting a storyline approach. In particular, we compare groups of models projecting a larger AMOC decline to groups of models projecting a smaller AMOC decline. Our results indicate that a stronger AMOC weakening is associated with an intensification of the North Atlantic storm track and jet stream, as well as an increased frequency of the NAO\\($\$\)+\\($\$\)weather regime. We link these atmospheric changes to the influence of a reduced warming of the subpolar North Atlantic, known as the North Atlantic Warming Hole (NAWH), associated with the AMOC weakening. To further support our findings, we conduct an additional experiment using the EC-Earth3 model, comparing an abrupt-4xCO2 experiment with one where the AMOC is fixed at preindustrial levels. This experiment corroborates the CMIP6 analysis and validates our hypothesis. We conclude that the AMOC plays a critical role in driving atmospheric changes over the Euro-Atlantic region. Improved monitoring and better constraints on future AMOC decline would help reduce uncertainty in predictions of atmospheric circulation and climate impacts over Europe.
• Owning the (Virtual) World: A Systematic Review of Psychological Ownership of Interactive Virtual Objects and Environments. Krauss, Jana; Wienrich, Carolin (2025). 1–16.

  In this systematic review, we analyze the literature on psychological ownership of virtual objects and environments according to the PRISMA statement. Psychological ownership describes the feelings of possession towards an object which are independent of legal possession. The construct stems from organizational management literature, but is gaining in importance in Human-ComputerInteraction as users invest billions to own virtual objects. The analysis of 21 research papers reveals how and why ownership emerges and presents the dimensions and consequences of such feelings. In addition, we relate these variables to the classic psychological ownership motives of self-efficacy, self-identity, and belonging, as well as the routes of control, identity transfer, and intimate knowledge. We outline why designers should pay attention to the phenomenon and how it can be utilized in different contexts. Finally, the paper concludes by outlining why and what research will be needed in the future.
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Gas, dust, and stars in star-forming galaxies when the Universe was ~1 Gyr old I. Survey overview and case studies. Herrera-Camus, R.; González-López, J.; Schreiber, N. Förster; Aravena, M.; de Looze, I.; Spilker, J.; Tadaki, K.; Barcos-Muñoz, L.; Assef, R. J.; Birkin, J. E.; Bolatto, A. D.; Bouwens, R.; Bovino, S.; Bowler, R. A. A.; Rivera, G. Calistro; da Cunha, E.; Davies, R. I.; Davies, R. L.; Díaz-Santos, T.; Ferrara, A.; Fisher, D.; Genzel, R.; Hodge, J.; Ikeda, R.; Killi, M.; Lee, L.; Li, Y.; Li, J.; Liu, D.; Lutz, D.; Mitsuhashi, I.; Narayanan, D.; Naab, T.; Palla, M.; Price, S. H.; Posses, A.; Relaño, M.; Smit, R.; Solimano, M.; Sternberg, A.; Tacconi, L.; Telikova, K.; Übler, H.; van der Giessen, S. A.; Veilleux, S.; Villanueva, V.; Baeza-Garay, M. (2025).

  We present the ALMA-CRISTAL survey, an ALMA Cycle 8 Large Program designed to investigate the physical properties of star-forming galaxies at 4≲z≲6 through spatially resolved, multi-wavelength observations. This survey targets 19 star-forming main-sequence galaxies selected from the ALPINE survey, using ALMA Band 7 observations to study [CII] 158 μm line emission and dust continuum, complemented by JWST/NIRCam and HST imaging to map stellar and UV emission. The CRISTAL sample expanded to 39 after including newly detected galaxies in the CRISTAL fields, archival data, and pilot study targets. The resulting dataset provides a detailed view of gas, dust, and stellar structures on kiloparsec scales at the end of the era of reionization. The survey reveals diverse morphologies and kinematics, including rotating disks, merging systems, [CII] emission tails from potential interactions, and clumpy star formation. Notably, the [CII] emission in many cases extends beyond the stellar light seen in HST and JWST imaging. Scientific highlights include CRISTAL-10, exhibiting an extreme [CII] deficit similar to Arp 220; and CRISTAL-13, where feedback from young star-forming clumps likely causes an offset between the stellar clumps and the peaks of [CII] emission. CRISTAL galaxies exhibit global [CII]/FIR ratios that decrease with increasing FIR luminosity, similar to trends seen in local galaxies but shifted to higher luminosities, likely due to their higher molecular gas content. CRISTAL galaxies also span a previously unexplored range of global FIR surface brightness at high-redshift, showing that high-redshift galaxies can have elevated [CII]/FIR ratios. These elevated ratios are likely influenced by factors such as lower metallicity gas, the presence of significant extraplanar gas, and contributions from shock-excited gas.
• Early Invasive or Conservative Strategies for Older Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Meta-Analysis. Reddy, Rohin K.; Koeckerling, David; Eichhorn, Christian; Jamil, Yasser; Ardissino, Maddalena; Braun, Volker; Abu Sharar, Haitham; Frey, Norbert; Howard, James P.; Ahmad, Yousif (2025).
• Diabetes Deprescribing in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Grant, Richard W.; Peterson, Ilana; McCloskey, Jodi M.; Lipska, Kasia J.; Nugent, Joshua; Karter, Andrew J.; Gilliam, Lisa K. (2025).

  Importance Medication-related hypoglycemia is the leading cause of iatrogenic complications among older adults with type 2 diabetes. Objective To compare physician academic detailing (AD) with or without patient previsit activation for insulin and/or sulfonylurea deprescribing in older patients with diabetes. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial was conducted from September 2020 to March 2024 with 6 and 12 months of follow-up in a large integrated health care system in Northern California. Primary care physicians (PCPs) and their patients with type 2 diabetes who were 75 years and older, had hemoglobin A 1c of 8.0% or lower, and were treated with insulin and/or sulfonylureas were included. Interventions Participating PCPs attended at least 1 AD session that provided evidence to support diabetes medication reassessment and potential deprescribing strategies in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Prior to their visit with a participating PCP, trial patients were randomly assigned to receive either a previsit activation deprescribing handout (AD plus previsit arm) or an attention control healthy lifestyle handout (AD-only arm). Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes (assessed at 6 months) were diabetes medication deprescribing (an aggregate measure) and any patient-reported severe hypoglycemia episodes. Results A total of 211 PCPs were able to attend at least 1 AD session and treated 450 eligible patients (mean [SD] age, 79.9 [4.0] years; 223 [49.6\%] female; mean [SD] concurrent chronic conditions, 6.2 [3.6]; and mean [SD] hemoglobin A 1c , 7.5\% [1.1\%]). At 6 months, there was a statistically significant higher diabetes medication deprescribing rate in the AD plus previsit activation arm compared with the AD-only arm (36 of 232 patients [15.8\%] vs 19 of 218 patients [9.0\%]; adjusted risk difference [RD], 7.5\%; 95\% CI, 1.5\%-13.6\%; P  = .01); this difference persisted at 12 months (50 of 232 patients [22.8\%] vs 33 of 218 patients [16.3\%]; adjusted RD, 7.9\%; 95\% CI, 0.4\%-15.5\%; P  = .04). There was not a statistically significant difference in severe self-reported hypoglycemia at 6 months between the AD plus previsit and AD-only arms (10 of 232 patients [4.7\%] vs 13 of 218 patients [6.5\%]; adjusted RD, −2.3\%; 95\% CI, −7.1\% to 2.5\%; P  = .04). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, AD with previsit activation was a simple and effective strategy for increasing diabetes medication deprescribing in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04585191
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Review. Kalyani, Rita R.; Neumiller, Joshua J.; Maruthur, Nisa M.; Wexler, Deborah J. (2025).
• Osteoporosis: A Review. Morin, Suzanne N.; Leslie, William D.; Schousboe, John T. (2025).
• Sozialrecht und Tarifbindung: Regulierung von Arbeitsbedingungen durch Leistungserbringungsrecht? Brockmann, Judith; Welti, Felix in HSI-Schriftenreihe (2025). Bund-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main.

  Das Ziel, Gesundheits-, Pflege- und Sozialberufe attraktiver zu machen, ist nicht nur im Koalitionsvertrag der neuen Bundesregierung vorgesehen. Es war auch in der Vergangenheit Gegenstand sozialrechtlicher Reformen. Dabei wurde auch bei der Verbreitung von Tariflöhnen und der Stärkung der Tarifbindung angesetzt. In diesem Zusammenhang stellen sich Rechtsfragen, die bisher wenig erforscht wurden: Wie beeinflussen sozialrechtliche Regelungen die Arbeits- und Entlohnungsbedingungen in den betreffenden Branchen, die Voraussetzungen für die Ausübung der Koalitionsfreiheit und die Funktionsfähigkeit der Tarifautonomie? Inwiefern kann das Sozialrecht die Tarifbindung in den Gesundheits-, Pflege- und Sozialberufen fördern? Der Sammelband widmet sich diesen Rechtsfragen. Dabei verbleiben die Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis nicht in der Sphäre der rechtswissenschaftlichen Dogmatik. Sie beziehen die ökonomischen Hintergründe und die Organisationsstrukturen der Arbeit als Grundlage der kollektiven Interessenvertretung ein und beleuchten allgemein die Auswirkungen der gesetzlichen Regelungen auf Arbeitsbedingungen und Tarifverträge. Beiträge aus dem Feld der Gewerkschaften und der kommunalen Pflegeeinrichtungen runden die Betrachtung ab.
• Die Umsetzung und Weiterentwicklung des LkSG : Rechtsfragen zum Schutz menschenrechtlicher und umweltbezogener Rechte in der betrieblichen Praxis Zimmer, Reingard in HSI-Schriftenreihe (2025). Bund-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main.

  Die öffentliche Diskussion um das Lieferkettengesetz und die Lieferkettenrichtlinie reißt auch Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten nicht ab. Einerseits äußern sich zahlreiche Stimmen in der Politik öffentlich gegen das Gesetz. Viele Unternehmen, die Erfahrung mit der Umsetzung des Gesetzes gesammelt haben, unterstützen hingegen den Ansatz, über Sorgfaltspflichten die Einhaltung von Menschenrechten in den Lieferketten zu fördern. Prof. Dr. Reingard Zimmer, Professorin an der Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin, hat ihre Einsichten, Erfahrungen, Rückmeldungen verarbeitet und als Handlungsfelder insbesondere die Analyse der Wertschöpfungskette, die Risikoanalyse, die Berichtspflichten und das Beschwerdeverfahren identifiziert. Mit der vorliegenden Studie gibt sie Antworten auf rechtswissenschaftliche Fragen, die sich aus der Praxis von Mitbestimmungsakteuren mit dem Gesetz ergeben. Außerdem gibt sie einen Ausblick auf die Folgen der kürzlich beschlossene EU-Due-Diligence-Richtlinie (CSSSD).
• You Are What You Say: Exploiting Linguistic Content for VoicePrivacy Attacks Gaznepoglu, Ünal Ege; Leschanowsky, Anna; Aloradi, Ahmad; Singh, Prachi; Tenbrinck, Daniel; Habets, Emanuël A. P.; Peters, Nils (2025).
• Analysis of mean-field models arising from self-attention dynamics in transformer architectures with layer normalization. Burger, Martin; Kabri, Samira; Korolev, Yury; Roith, Tim; Weigand, Lukas (2025). 383(2298)
• Owning the (Virtual) World: A Systematic Review of Psychological Ownership of Interactive Virtual Objects and Environments. Krauss, Jana; Wienrich, Carolin (2025). 1–16.

  In this systematic review, we analyze the literature on psychological ownership of virtual objects and environments according to the PRISMA statement. Psychological ownership describes the feelings of possession towards an object which are independent of legal possession. The construct stems from organizational management literature, but is gaining in importance in Human-ComputerInteraction as users invest billions to own virtual objects. The analysis of 21 research papers reveals how and why ownership emerges and presents the dimensions and consequences of such feelings. In addition, we relate these variables to the classic psychological ownership motives of self-efficacy, self-identity, and belonging, as well as the routes of control, identity transfer, and intimate knowledge. We outline why designers should pay attention to the phenomenon and how it can be utilized in different contexts. Finally, the paper concludes by outlining why and what research will be needed in the future.
• Leveraging AI to Improve the Discoverability and Classification of Linguistic Publications. Ho, Clara Wan Ching; Risse, Thomas; Vrdoljak, Ivana (2025).
• Inference Scaling for Long-Context Retrieval Augmented Generation. Yue, Zhenrui; Zhuang, Honglei; Bai, Aijun; Hui, Kai; Jagerman, Rolf; Zeng, Hansi; Qin, Zhen; Wang, Dong; Wang, Xuanhui; Bendersky, Michael (2025).
• The invisible threat: assessing the collisional hazard posed by the undiscovered Venus co-orbital asteroids. Carruba, V.; Sfair, R.; Araujo, R. A.; Winter, O. C.; Mourão, D. C.; Di Ruzza, S.; Aljbaae, S.; Caritá, G.; Domingos, R. C.; Alves, A. A. (2025).

  Currently, 20 co-orbital asteroids of Venus are known, with only one with an eccentricity below 0.38. This is most likely caused by observational biases since asteroids with larger eccentricities may approach the Earth and are easier to detect. We aim to assess the possible threat that the yet undetected population of Venus co-orbitals may pose to Earth, and investigate their detectability from Earth and space observatories. We used semi-analytical models of the 1:1 mean-motion resonance with Venus and numerical simulations to monitor close encounters with Earth on several co-orbital cycles. We analyzed observability windows and brightness variations for potential Venus co-orbitals as viewed from ground-based telescopes to assess their future detection feasibility with next-generation survey capabilities. There is a range of orbits with e < 0.38, larger at lower inclinations, for which Venus' co-orbitals can pose a collisional hazard to Earth. Current ground-based observations are constrained by periodic observing windows and solar elongation limitations, though the Rubin Observatory may detect some of these objects during favorable configurations. Space missions based on Venus' orbits may be instrumental in detecting Venus' co-orbitals at low eccentricities.
• Exploring bidirectional charging strategies for an electric vehicle population. Woo, Soomin; Strobel, Leo; Yuan, Yuhao; Pruckner, Marco; Lipman, Timothy E. (2025). 397 126361.
• AI Narrative Breakdown. A Critical Assessment of Power and Promise. Rehak, Rainer in FAccT ’25 (2025). 1250–1260.

  This article sets off for an exploration of the still evolving discourse surrounding artificial intelligence (AI) in the wake of the release of ChatGPT. It scrutinizes the pervasive narratives that are shaping the societal engagement with AI, spotlighting key themes such as agency and decision-making, autonomy, truthfulness, knowledge processing, prediction, general purpose, neutrality and objectivity, apolitical optimization, sustainability game-changer, democratization, mass unemployment, and the dualistic portrayal of AI as either a harbinger of societal utopia or dystopia. Those narratives are analysed critically based on insights from critical computer science, critical data and algorithm studies, from STS, data protection theory, as well as from the philosophy of mind and semiotics. To properly analyse the narratives presented, the article first delves into a historical and technical contextualisation of the AI discourse itself. The article then introduces the notion of "Zeitgeist AI" to critique the imprecise and misleading application of the term "AI" across various societal sectors. Then, by discussing common narratives with nuance, the article contextualises and challenges often assumed socio-political implications of AI, uncovering in detail and with examples the inherent political, power infused and value-laden decisions within all AI applications. Concluding with a call for a more grounded engagement with AI, the article carves out acute problems ignored by the narratives discussed and proposes new narratives recognizing AI as a human-directed tool necessarily subject to societal governance.
• Decision Factors for the Selection of AI-based Decision Support Systems: The Case of Task Delegation in Prognostics. Heinrich, Kai; Krancher, Oliver; Stahmann, Philip; Wanner, Jonas; Zschech, Patrick (2025).
• Key components of effective non-pharmacological interventions for childhood obesity: a review considering social determinants of health. Zamanillo-Campos, R; Colom-Rossello, M; Rodríguez-Calero, M A; Martín, M I; Planas, T; Núñez-Jiménez, C; Ramos, M (2025). 184(7) 449–449.

  Childhood obesity, driven by an obesogenic environment, remains a public health priority. To review the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for treating childhood obesity, with a focus on weight reduction and consideration of social determinants of health (SDOH). The review included randomized and quasi-experimental studies, published between August 2016 and December 2021, that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing body weight in children aged 2 to 14 years with obesity. (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022301191). A total of 59 interventions were identified, showing wide variability in design, duration, components and settings. Most included physical activity (93%) and nutrition (81%), while fewer incorporated psychological support (46%) or digital tools (25%). Despite the diversity of approaches, 56% of the interventions were effective, particularly those implemented in healthcare or school settings, involving physical activity, and delivered by multidisciplinary teams. However, only six demonstrated sustained effects beyond 6 months. Risk of bias was high in over half of the studies, and only a small proportion (22%) reported participants' social characteristics such as family structure, race, or socioeconomic status. Importantly, very few interventions were designed or evaluated with explicit consideration of SDOH. CONCLUSION: Overall, effective interventions tended to target both children and parents, include multiple components-especially physical activity-and be delivered in accessible settings such as schools or primary care. Yet, the generalizability of findings is limited, as most studies involved children from relatively advantaged backgrounds. Future interventions should integrate SDOH in both design and evaluation to ensure equity and long-term effectiveness in diverse populations. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Childhood obesity remains a critical public health issue, heavily influenced by obesogenic environments and social determinants of health (SDOH). • Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly those incorporating physical activity and nutritional guidance, have been commonly used to address childhood obesity, though with varying degrees of success. WHAT IS NEW: • This review highlights that interventions delivered in healthcare or school settings by multidisciplinary teams, and involving both physical activity and parental engagement, show higher effectiveness in reducing childhood obesity. • The study identifies a significant gap in the integration of social determinants of health in both the design and evaluation of interventions, limiting their long-term impact and equity across diverse populations.
• Security and Privacy of Current and Emerging IoT Devices and Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 2431). Crispo, Bruno; Dmitrienko, Alexandra; Tsudik, Gene; Xu, Wenyuan; Sendner, Christoph (2025).
• On the O(frac√d. Li, Huan; Dong, Yiming; Lin, Zhouchen (2025).
• Knowledge Generation for Zero-shot Knowledge-based VQA. Cao, Rui; Jiang, Jing Y. Graham, M. Purver (eds.) (2024). 533–549.
• Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Realistic Financial Correlation Matrices. Kubiak, Szymon; Weyde, Tillman; Galkin, Oleksandr; Philps, Daniel; Gopal, Ram (2024). 1–9.
• HPL-ESS: Hybrid Pseudo-Labeling for Unsupervised Event-based Semantic Segmentation. Jing, Linglin; Ding, Yiming; Gao, Yunpeng; Wang, Zhigang; Yan, Xu; Wang, Dong; Schaefer, Gerald; Fang, Hui; Zhao, Bin; Li, Xuelong (2024). 23128–23137.
• The Two-Bridge Ant Experiment as an Interactive Netlogo Library Model. Umlauft, Martina; Schranz, Melanie (2024).
• Ant-Search Algorithm for Distributed Knowledge Graphs. Chepizhko, Oleksandr; Forgács, Péter; Schranz, Melanie (2024).
• Time Series Diffusion in the Frequency Domain. Crabbé, Jonathan; Huynh, Nicolas; Stanczuk, Jan Pawel; Van Der Schaar, Mihaela in Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, R. Salakhutdinov, Z. Kolter, K. Heller, A. Weller, N. Oliver, J. Scarlett, F. Berkenkamp (eds.) (2024). (Vol. 235) 9407–9438.

  Fourier analysis has been an instrumental tool in the development of signal processing. This leads us to wonder whether this framework could similarly benefit generative modelling. In this paper, we explore this question through the scope of time series diffusion models. More specifically, we analyze whether representing time series in the frequency domain is a useful inductive bias for score-based diffusion models. By starting from the canonical SDE formulation of diffusion in the time domain, we show that a dual diffusion process occurs in the frequency domain with an important nuance: Brownian motions are replaced by what we call mirrored Brownian motions, characterized by mirror symmetries among their components. Building on this insight, we show how to adapt the denoising score matching approach to implement diffusion models in the frequency domain. This results in frequency diffusion models, which we compare to canonical time diffusion models. Our empirical evaluation on real-world datasets, covering various domains like healthcare and finance, shows that frequency diffusion models better capture the training distribution than time diffusion models. We explain this observation by showing that time series from these datasets tend to be more localized in the frequency domain than in the time domain, which makes them easier to model in the former case. All our observations point towards impactful synergies between Fourier analysis and diffusion models.
• Efficient self-organization of informal public transport networks. Mittal, Kush Mohan; Timme, Marc; Schröder, Malte (2024). 15(1)
• SDNet: Noise-Robust Bandwidth Extension under Flexible Sampling Rates. Yang, Junkang; Liu, Hongqing; Gan, Lu; Zhou, Yi; Li, Xing; Jia, Jie; Yao, Jinzhuo (2024). 1–6.
• Plants and Bee Visitors in the Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot of Kenya, East Africa. Dzekashu, Fairo F.; Peters, Marcell K.; Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf; Macharia, Jayne M.; Matheka, Kennedy W.; Yusuf, Abdullahi A.; Pirk, Christian W. W.; Lattorff, H. Michael G. (2024). 106(1) e02211.
• Citizen scientists report global rapid reductions in the visibility of stars from 2011 to 2022. Kyba, Christopher C. M.; Altıntaş, Yiğit Öner; Walker, Constance E.; Newhouse, Mark (2023). 379(6629) 265–268.

  The artificial glow of the night sky is a form of light pollution; its global change over time is not well known. Developments in lighting technology complicate any measurement because of changes in lighting practice and emission spectra. We investigated the change in global sky brightness from 2011 to 2022 using 51,351 citizen scientist observations of naked-eye stellar visibility. The number of visible stars decreased by an amount that can be explained by an increase in sky brightness of 7 to 10% per year in the human visible band. This increase is faster than emissions changes indicated by satellite observations. We ascribe this difference to spectral changes in light emission and to the average angle of light emissions. Artificial lighting that escapes into the sky causes it to glow, preventing humans and animals from seeing the stars. Satellites can measure the light emitted upward, but they are not sensitive to all wavelengths produced by LED lighting or to light emitted horizontally. Kyba et al. used data from citizen scientists to measure how light pollution is affecting human views of the stars worldwide (see the Perspective by Falchi and Bará). Participants were shown maps of the sky at different levels of light pollution and asked which most closely matched their view. Trends in the data showed that the average night sky got brighter by 9.6% per year from 2011 to 2022, which is equivalent to doubling the sky brightness every 8 years. —KTS Observations of the night sky by citizen scientists show that it is rapidly getting brighter due to light pollution.
• Hierarchical Relational Learning for Few-Shot Knowledge Graph Completion. Wu, Han; Yin, Jie; Rajaratnam, Bala; Guo, Jianyuan (2023).
• RePreM: Representation Pre-training with Masked Model for Reinforcement Learning. Cai, Yuanying; Zhang, Chuheng; Shen, Wei; Zhang, Xuyun; Ruan, Wenjie; Huang, Longbo B. Williams, Y. Chen, J. Neville (eds.) (2023). 6879–6887.
• A Transformer-Based User Satisfaction Prediction for Proactive Interaction Mechanism in DuerOS. Shen, Wei; He, Xiaonan; Zhang, Chuheng; Zhang, Xuyun; Xie, Jian M. A. Hasan, L. Xiong (eds.) (2022). 1777–1786.
• Imitation Learning to Outperform Demonstrators by Directly Extrapolating Demonstrations. Cai, Yuanying; Zhang, Chuheng; Shen, Wei; He, Xiaonan; Zhang, Xuyun; Huang, Longbo M. A. Hasan, L. Xiong (eds.) (2022). 128–137.
• Experimental Characterization Techniques for Solid-Liquid Slurry Flows in Pipelines: A Review. Silva, Rui C. (2022). 10(3)

  In industrial environments, having instrumentation able to attain fast, accurate, and autonomous measurements is pivotal to understanding the dynamics of liquid and particles during transport. Ideally, these instruments, consisting of either probes or sensors, should be robust, fast, and unintrusive, i.e., not cause interference on the very flows being monitored, and require minimal maintenance. Beyond monitoring, the process knowledge gained through real time inspection allows teams to make informed technical decisions based on particle behavior, i.e., settling of particles causing pipe wear and clustering or blockages that can damage the unit or cause shutdowns, both of which with economical drawbacks. The purpose of this review is to examine experimental measurement techniques used to characterize physical properties and operational parameters of solid-liquid slurry flows, focusing on non-ionizing radiation methods. With this text the intent is not to provide an exhaustive examination of each individual technique but rather an overview on the most pertinent types of instrumentation, which will be presented, in addition to application examples from the literature, while directing the reader for pertinent seminal and review papers for a more in-depth analysis.
• Dynamics of ranking. I~niguez, Gerardo; Pineda, Carlos; Gershenson, Carlos; Barabási, Albert-László (2022). 13(1)
• TD3 with Reverse KL Regularizer for Offline Reinforcement Learning from Mixed Datasets. Cai, Yuanying; Zhang, Chuheng; Zhao, Li; Shen, Wei; Zhang, Xuyun; Song, Lei; Bian, Jiang; Qin, Tao; Liu, Tieyan X. Zhu, S. Ranka, M. T. Thai, T. Washio, X. Wu (eds.) (2022). 21–30.
• Feldmessgeräte: 1. AgriSens FELDTAG „Einsatz von Fernerkundungstechnologien in der Landwirtschaft“. Truckenbrodt, Sina; Ahmadian, Nima; Borg, Erik; Gerighausen, Heike; Böttcher, Falk; Conrad, Christopher; Dahms, Thorsten; Harfenmeister, Katharina; Hüttich, Christian; Dhillon, Maninder Singh; Spengler, Daniel; Thürkow, Detlef; Thiel, Michael (2021).
• COVID-19 in South Africa: outbreak despite interventions. Schröder, Malte; Bossert, Andreas; Kersting, Moritz; Aeffner, Sebastian; Coetzee, Justin; Timme, Marc; Schlüter, Jan (2021). 11(1)
• Incentive-driven transition to high ride-sharing adoption. Storch, David-Maximilian; Timme, Marc; Schröder, Malte (2021). 12(1)
• cCorrGAN: Conditional Correlation GAN for Learning Empirical Conditional Distributions in the Elliptope. Marti, Gautier; Goubet, Victor; Nielsen, Frank in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, F. Nielsen, F. Barbaresco (eds.) (2021). (Vol. 12829) 613–620.
• The Busy Beaver Frontier. Aaronson, Scott (2020). 51(3) 32–54.

  The Busy Beaver function, with its incomprehensibly rapid growth, has captivated generations of computer scientists, mathematicians, and hobbyists. In this survey, I o er a personal view of the BB function 58 years after its introduction, emphasizing lesser-known insights, recent progress, and especially favorite open problems. Examples of such problems include: when does the BB function rst exceed the Ackermann function? Is the value of BB(20) independent of set theory? Can we prove that BB(n + 1) > 2BB(n) for large enough n? Given BB(n), how many advice bits are needed to compute BB(n + 1)? Do all Busy Beavers halt on all inputs, not just the 0 input? Is it decidable, given n, whether BB(n) is even or odd?
• CORRGAN: Sampling Realistic Financial Correlation Matrices Using Generative Adversarial Networks. Marti, Gautier (2020). 8459–8463.
• Comparing the performance of crop growth models using synthetic remote sensing data at DEMMIN, Germany. Dhillon, Maninder Singh; Dahms, Thorsten; Kuebert-Flock, Carina; Conrad, Christopher (2019).

  This research has been conducted on a main agricultural production region of the NorthEast Germany over the time frame of 2015. Five widely used crop growth models, namely, WOFOST, Aqua Crop, Ceres Wheat, CropSyst and Light Use Efficiency (LUE), are compared to predict the biomass of winter wheat. To obtain the higher spatial and temporal coverage, this study explains the usage of a fusion model in which both Landsat (30m) and Modis (500m) were combined to generate the synthetic remote sensing time series for the accurate evaluation of vegetation on a daily basis.
• An Analysis of Surface and Growth Differences in Plants of Different Stages Using Image Processing. Rashid, Faizur; Delesa, Tamirat (F. Rashid; T. Delesa, eds.) (2019). 9(4) 1–7.

  Genomes are main reason for growth and surface differences in the plants. All plants grow on basis of their different surrounding like soil, water, breed of seed, and climatic session. This paper attempts to find stem growth from birth to maturity level of selected plant using image processing technique. Few reasons have been observed commonly by the researchers that some plants could not grow sufficiently as to the other plants of similar breed and age. Images were taken of different stage of bean plant and images of some other plant samples were also included for better assessment. Researchers are trying to understand through their calculative analysis by image processing emulator in MATLAB to view its reasons. Suitable comparison technique is applied to detect their period of growth. Image processing methods like Restoration, stem or leaves spots, filtering, and plant comparison have applied in MATLAB. Those effects that are not supporting to grow the plants of their similar age group are matter to calculate scientifically later in the future. The observation would help for further support in medicinal science or agricultural science of plant and Bio-chemical.
• Light Use Efficiency Model to Estimate Biomass and YIELD with and Without Vapour Pressure Deficit Dhillon, Maninder Singh; Dahms, Thorsten; Nill, Leon (2018). University of Würzburg.
• Evaluation Criteria for Selecting NoSQL Databases in a Single Box Environment. Ryan D. L. Engle, Brent T. Langhals; Hodson, Douglas D. (2018). 10(4) 01–12.

  In recent years, NoSQL database systems have become increasingly popular, especially for big data, commercial applications. These systems were designed to overcome the scaling and flexibility limitations plaguing traditional relational database management systems (RDBMSs). Given NoSQL database systems have been typically implemented in large-scale distributed environments serving large numbers of simultaneous users across potentially thousands of geographically separated devices, little consideration has been given to evaluating their value within single-box environments. It is postulated some of the inherent traits of each NoSQL database type may be useful, perhaps even preferable, regardless of scale. Thus, this paper proposes criteria conceived to evaluate the usefulness of NoSQL systems in small-scale single-box environments. Specifically, key value, document, column family, and graph database are discussed with respect to the ability of each to provide CRUD transactions in a single-box environment.
• Experience in the implementation of projects in professional environment in a 1st cycle of studies of Civil Engineering. Ribeiro, Diogo; Neto, Teresa; Santos, Ricardo; de Fátima Portela, Maria F. J. García-Peñalvo (ed.) (2018). 93–99.
• Metodologija izrade toponimijskoga (anojkonimijskoga) rječnika (primijenjena na toponimiju ludbreške Podravine). Horvat, Joža (2016). 25 75–142.
• Toponimi u Desnama: rodnome selu fra Jeronima Šetke. Vidović, Domagoj (2016).
• Big Data Summarization : Framework, Challenges and Possible Solutions. Kolte1, Shilpa G.; Bakal2, Jagdish W. (2016).
• The Dynamics of Centaurs in the Vicinity of the 2:1 Mean Motion Resonance of Neptune and Uranus Trojan Region. Wood, Jeremy; Horner, Jonathan (2015).

  In this work we present the results of a suite of dynamical simulations following the orbital evolution of 8,022 hypothetical Centaur objects. These Centaurs begin our integrations on orbits in the vicinity of the 2:1 mean motion resonance with Neptune, and we follow their dynamical evolution for a period of 3 Myr under the gravitational influence of a motionless Sun and the four Jovian planets. The great majority of the test particles studied rapidly escaped from the vicinity of the 2:1 mean motion resonance of Neptune and diffused throughout the Solar System. The average libration time of Centaurs in the vicinity of 2:1 mean motion resonance of Neptune was found to be just 27 kyr. Although two particles did remain near the resonance for more than 1 Myr. Upon leaving the vicinity of the 2:1 resonance, the majority of test particles evolved by a process of random walk in semi-major axis, due to repeated close encounters with the giant planets.
• Joint Modeling of Users’ Interests and Mobility Patterns for Point-of-Interest Recommendation. Yin, Hongzhi; Cui, Bin; Huang, Zi; Wang, Weiqing; Wu, Xian; Zhou, Xiaofang X. Zhou, A. F. Smeaton, Q. Tian, D. C. A. Bulterman, H. T. Shen, K. Mayer-Patel, S. Yan (eds.) (2015). 819–822.
• Unifying Local and Global Agreement and Disagreement Classification in Online Debates. Yin, Jie; Narang, Nalin; Thomas, Paul; Paris, Cécile A. Balahur, A. Montoyo, P. Martínez-Barco, E. Boldrini (eds.) (2012). 61–69.
• Orbital mechanics about small bodies. Scheeres, D.J. (2012). 72 1–14.

  Small solar system bodies such as asteroids and comets are of significant interest for both scientific and human exploration missions. However, their orbital environments are among the most highly perturbed and extreme environments found in the solar system. Uncontrolled trajectories are highly unstable in general and may either impact or escape in timespans of hours to days. Even with active control, the chaotic nature of motion about these bodies can effectively randomize a trajectory within a few orbits, creating fundamental difficulties for the navigation of spacecraft in these environments. In response to these challenges our research has identified robust and stable orbit solutions and mission designs across the whole range of small body sizes and spin states that are of interest for scientific and human exploration. This talk will describe the challenges of exploring small bodies and present the practical solutions that have been discovered which enable their exploration across the range of small body types and sizes. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Doing Bayesian data analysis. A tutorial introduction with R and BUGS Kruschke, John (2011). (First ) Academic Press, Amsterdam.
• Discripti in decurias (Plin. Nat. hist. 3, 142-143): uređenje osvojenih područja pod Augustom. Čače, Slobodan (2010). 57–81.
• Etnička, konfesionalna i regionalna imena i nadimci u Hercegovini XV–XIX st. Dodig, Radoslav (2009).
• Ivan Babić: Studenački rječnik, Župni red Studenci, Studenci, 2008., 556 str. Dodig, Radoslav (2009). (23) 293–296.
• Addressing the out-of-vocabulary problem for large-scale Chinese spoken term detection. Meng, Sha; Shao, Jian; Yu, Roger Peng; Liu, Jia; Seide, Frank (2008). 2146–2149.
• Toponimija hrvatskoga Jadranskog prostora Šimunović, Petar (2005). (Vol. 2) 319-. Golden marketing, Zagreb.
• Abrasive Flow Polishing of Micro Bores. Yin, Ling; Ramesh, Kuppuswamy; Wan, Stephen; Liu, Xiang Dong; Huang, Han; Liu, Yu Chan (2004). 19(2) 187–207.

  Micro bore finishing for metal and ceramic materials has been a challenge in the manufacturing industry. Unfortunately, little is understood about how to polish a micro bore and how to assess its inner wall quality because it is difficult to access the micro bore for either polishing or measurement. This article reports on a feasibility study of the abrasive flow polishing of micro bores of 260 ˜ 500-µm diameters and 25 ˜ 50 length/diameter ratios for both metal and ceramic materials. An abrasive flow polishing machine was designed and built with turbulent flow characteristics. Polishing of steel S45C bores of 400- and 500-µm diameters, stainless steel 304 bores of 500-µm diameter, and zirconia bores of 260-µm diameter was conducted. Surface roughness and topography of the polished inner walls of micro bores were characterized using profilometry and optical interferometry from the three-dimensional point of view. Significant reduction in surface roughness of the micro bore inner walls has been made in the polishing processes. The results indicate that it is feasible to apply the abrasive flow polishing technology for metal and ceramic micro bores of diameters of 260 µm or larger and the length/diameter ratios of 25 or higher. It is found that surface roughness of the polished micro bore inner walls decreases with an increase of the abrasive flow passes.
• Slurry systems handbook Abulnaga, Baha E. in McGraw-Hill Handbooks (2002). McGraw-Hill, New York.
• Development of high speed slurry flow finishing of the inner wall of stainless steel capillary: Polishing and gas flow characteristics of various size of capillaries. Kurobe, T.; Yamada, Y.; Yamamoto, K. (2001). 25(2) 100–106.

  A new finishing method for inner wall of capillaries has been developed, in which the polishing is performed by letting the slurry flow through the capillary at high speed. With the increasing number of slurry passes, the surface roughness of as-received capillaries decreases rapidly in the early stage of the low number of slurry passes, and then tends to saturate to a certain level depending on the diameter of the capillaries. It is also found that the decreasing surface roughness of the inner wall results in the increasing conductance of gas flow through the capillary. Accounting for the effect of the capillary diameter D on the differential pressure which is measured in nitrogen gas flow through the capillary at a constant flow rate, an empirical equation is found between the differential pressure P and the surface roughness Ra, logP · D4 = 0.362 + logRa1/6.
• A simple model of seasonal open ocean convection. Kuhlbrodt, Till; Titz, Sven; Feudel, Ulrike; Rahmstorf, Stefan (2001). 52(1) 36–49.

  enspaceAspects of open ocean deep convection variability are explored with a two-box model. In order to place the model in a region of parameter space relevant to the real ocean, it is fitted to observational data from the Labrador Sea. A systematic fit to OWS Bravo data allows us to determine the model parameters and to locate the position of the Labrador Sea on a stability diagram. The model suggests that the Labrador Sea is in a bistable regime where winter convection can be either ``on'' or ``off '', with both these possibilities being stable climate states. When shifting the surface buoyancy forcing slightly to warmer or fresher conditions, the only steady solution is one without winter convection. emspaceWe then introduce short-term variability by adding a noise term to the surface temperature forcing, turning the box model into a stochastic climate model. The surface forcing anomalies generated in this way induce jumps between the two model states. These state transitions occur on the interannual to decadal time scale. Changing the average surface forcing towards more buoyant conditions lowers the frequency of convection. However, convection becomes more frequent with stronger variability in the surface forcing. As part of the natural variability, there is a non-negligible probability for decadal interruptions of convection. The results highlight the role of surface forcing variability for the persistence of convection in the ocean.
• Electrolytes, equilibria in solutions and phase equilibria : calculation of multicomponent systems and experimental data on the activities of water, vapor pressures, and osmotic coefficients Aseyev, G. G. (1999). Begell House, New York.

  This edition is a continuation of a series of books by Aseyev that collect the results of many years of theoretical studies of the structure of, and interparticle interactions in, aqueous solutions of electrolytes, programmed and factographic representation of experimental data, and recommendations related to the methods of calculating physicochemical parameters of binary and multicomponent systems. In this book, information on the vapor pressures over solutions, activities of water, and osmotic coefficients over electrolyte solutions is substantially remade, and new experimental data are given.
• Polyphilo, or, The dark forest revisited : an erotic epiphany of architecture Pérez Gómez Alberto; Colonna, Francesco (1992). MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• An inverse of the evaluation functional for typed Lambda-calculus. Berger, Ulrich; Schwichtenberg, Helmut R. Vermuri (ed.) (1991). 203–211.

  In any model of typed \($\lambda$\)-calculus conianing some basic arithmetic, a functional p - * (procedure--* expression) will be defined which inverts the evaluation functional for typed X-terms, Combined with the evaluation functional, p-e yields an efficient normalization algorithm. The method is extended to X-calculi with constants and is used to normalize (the X-representations of) natural deduction proofs of (higher order) arithmetic. A consequence of theoretical interest is a strong completeness theorem for \($\beta$\)\($\eta$\)-reduction, generalizing results of Friedman [1] and Statman [31: If two Xterms have the same value in some model containing representations of the primitive recursive functions (of level 1) then they are provably equal in the \($\beta$\)\($\eta$\)- calculus.
• Krug što skamenjuje Šegedin, Petar in Biblioteka Globus (1988). 556-. Globus, Zagreb.
• Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. Greenspan, Lewis (1977). 81A(1) 89–96.
• Heuristische Bezugsrahmen und heuristisch angelegte Forschungsdesigns als Elemente einer Konstruktionsstrategie empirischer Forschung. Kubicek, Herbert R. Köhler (ed.) (1977). 3–36.
• Minitab Student Handbook Ryan, Thomas A.; Joiner, Brian L.; Ryan, Barbara F. (1976). Duxbury, Boston, Massachusetts.
• Relative humidity-temperature relationships of some saturated salt solutions in the temperature range 0℃ to 50℃. Wexler, Arnold; Hasegawa, Saburo (1954). 53(1) 19–26.

  The relative humidity-temperature relationships have been determined in air in equilibration with saturated salt solutions of lithium chloride, ...