Forecasting of the Traffic Situation in the Hannover Region

The main requirement of road traffic participants is to know the current traffic situation. Such data is typically obtained from routing services where the time of many different individual trips is taken into account.

In the context of Data4UrbanMobility tools were developed that allow to predict the traffic situation based on such time series data. The following figure presents an interface to visualize typical time series patterns as well as outliers present in the data:

The prediction of the traffic situation is made available in the form of a map based interface for the end user:

Data4UrbanMobility Data Protection Regulation

The work on the Data4UrbanMobility data protection regulation is completed. The document is publicly available and can be found here.

First Version of MiC-App Available

A first version of the novel MiC-App (Move in the City) App is now available for D4UM-associates as well as a protected group of public users. The mobile MiC-App is a tool to gather data.

MiC was developed by the Institute for Sustainable Urbanism at the University of Braunschweig and the Projektionisten GmbH. MiC links the growing  awareness of  digital citizen rights with the potential of evaluation big datasets. Therefore MiC gives the opportunity to citizen to actively participate in a citizen science project to take part in the development of the mobility of the feature.

MiC gathers data of the users movement, where the user has the about which data should be recorded. All data is pseudonymised such that the privacy of the contributing citizen is ensured.

Current Status:

In the first version of the app, the user can easily start and end the tracking of his/her movement. It is worth to point out, that the user decides when he is tracked and when not. A summary of his/her activity is available for the user as well as the opportunity to issue feedback or even delete all of his contributed data.

Updated System with Dashboard V2

With the new version of our system,  the dashboard will provide even more insights into the impact of public events on the traffic situation.

The coloring and labels let us easily distinguish between the different type of events. By clicking on the label we show the typically affected subgraph for that event type. This allows the user to check what specific routes are typically affected by an event at that location.

Examples: Visualisation of a concert and a football game.

In addition, the graph at the top right gives additional information on how big the impact around the events start time tends to be.

{API}
We enriched the api endpoints with additional information from the data models that were developed as part of the research efforts.

D4UM App Version 1.0

We just released the first Version of the D4UM App. Every project member now has access to the application and can try out its features. Let’s quickly go over some of its main features.
The EFA integration (EFA is a routing engine covering Lower Saxony and Bremen ) allows for quick access to tip information using all available public transport options. Our focus, when designing the application, was on quick and easy navigation to provide a simple and easy to use trip planning tool.

Departures and Connections

On the departure screen we show the user the closes stops for public transportation in his immediate vicinity. On the connection screen the user can fill in his desired starting location( either an address or an existing stop ) and destination and query for what connections are available to him. The provided information contains real time data , meaning we are able to visualized delays for any given connection.

Map

On the map screen you can see and or find all available stops of public transportation. This allows for providing the user with a great way to find out what stops are available in their city. By clicking on any of the shown stops will open the departure screen and provide you with the information mentioned above. To better visualize a selected connection, we show the route you plan to travel on the map.

Menu / Settings

Additional features can be found in the settings menu of the application. Here you can find settings that allow you to customize your routing results for both the departures and connection screen. The best way to let us know what you think about the application is to use the feedback module. This can be found here as well. First click on the emoji that best describe how you feel about the app. And then put in any additional information or ideas or thoughts you may have. Now what is left is just to press send and you will send us an email.

We look forward to hearing from you.

Quantification  and Prediction of Impact of Public Events

Current Data4UrbanMobility research results allow for measuring and prediction of spatial impact on road traffic of public events. Connected, affected street segments nearby public events are identified to measure the spatial impact. The approach is depicted in the following figure:

(Karte von https://www.openstreetmap.org)

An event is marked as yellow dot, affected streets in red and the measured impact in dark blue. Moreover, an approach making use of machine learning algorithms was developed to predict the impact determined in this way, resulting an error-reduction of up to 40% when compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches.

D4UM – Platform V1 Released

The first version of the Data4UrbanMobiltiy platform has been released. The platform was designed and implemented following a 3-tier-architecture. The platform provides RESTfull Web services for mobility applications like dashboards or mobile apps. As a demonstration, an interactive map application has been developed that visualizes the spatial impact of public events. The following figure shows a screenshot of the application.

The figure shows 4 public events in the city of Hannover. The colors represent different types of public events (e.g. concerts, fairs, sport events). The circles visualize the spatial impact on road traffic caused by the public events.

Comprehensive Set of Requirements

The Data4UrbanMobility analysis of requirements includes requirements of the application partners Region Hannover (RH) and Wolfsburg AG (WAG) as well as non functional requirements. The requirements were collected by MOMA. The L3S derived research question for data analysis which are based  on the requirements of RH and WAG. The research question address especially the information needs of end-users.

The current research questions particularly include

1. Automated verification of traffic warnings and prediction of their impact
2. Identification of events and prediction of their impact
3. Investigation of correlation of road traffic data, public transportation query logs, traffic warnings and twitterfeeds
4. Determination of optimal traveling timepoints

Growing Data Collection

ISU create a comprehensive data matrix containing potential source of mobility related data. The Data4UrbanMobility data model describes all project relevant data sets and sets them into context. This makes the data available in a unified manor for both analysis and applications. The selected data sources were transformed according to the Data4UrbanMobility data model by L3S. The data quality of selected data sources (i.e. public transportation query logs and road traffic data) was examined.

Tools for extracting the relevant information from the datasets were developed to enable the integration of the datasets.

• Street and graph extraction from OpenStreetMap
• Bulkloader for public transportation queries
• Integration of “Zentrales Haltestellen Verzeichniss” (central registry of public transportation stops)

The current collection (December 12th 2017) contians

EFA-Logs: 17 million public transportation queries
Road traffic data: 174 thousand street sements with a frequency of 15 minutes
GTFS-data: 90 thousand. public transportation stops, 2.6 thousand routes
Weather: Radolan “Regenraster” (rain grid)
Twitter: 2,5 Mio. Tweets starting at June 2017

OSM: 440 thousand streets 
Events: 21 thousand public events (August 14th 2016-July 17th 2018)

Traffic warnings: 13 thousand warning (since June 2017)

Visualization of Public Transportation Information

In order to allow intuitive analytics of public transportation information, the PROJEKTIONISTEN (PROJ) developed a dashboard web application. First prototypes visualize queries addressed to the regional timetable information system EFA (www.efa.de). The prototypes serve as foundations for exploration analyses as well as the implementation of future versions of the dashboard. The following figure shows an integrated visualization of the most frequent origins and destinations of the queries.

Analysen der EFA-Logs

Analysis of EFA Public Transportation Query Logs

Analyses regarding the impact of public events on public transportation are currently conducted to address early research questions. To this extend, explorative data analyses of the impact of major public events such as football games and medium sized events such as concerts were conducted. Visual analytics were used as a first step towards comprehensive analyses, which show start-like patterns for city center which identify mobility hubs of central importance.

The figure shows the direct connection between origin and destination of public transportation queries. Darker colors correspond to more frequent queried trips. Star-like pattern identify the central train station and the central metro station.

Analyses of single stations reveal weekday dependent patterns.

The figure depicts the average number of queries with the destination “Hannover Stadionbrücke”. Differences emerge between Weekends and workdays.

The impact of public events on the queries can be visualized  as well.

The figure shows the number of queries with the Destination “Hannover Stadionbrücke” for Wednesday, April 26th 2017 (orange) as well as the average number of queries on a Wednesday for the same destination. On this day a concert took place in venue nearby. The concert start at 8 pm. The significant deviations between 5 pm and 7 pm is highly likely to be caused by visitors of the concert. This shows that public transportation queries are a valuable information source to investigate the impact of public events on mobility infrastructure.

• On the Alignment of Post-Publication Reviews & Bibliometric and Altmetric Impact -- A Case Study on Expert Statements from the Science Media Center Germany. Tunger, Dirk; Schaer, Philipp (2025).
• Continuous Earth Observation of Forest Dynamics and Biodiversity. Herbst, Nikolas; Kortmann, Mareike; Jaggy, Niklas; Thonfeld, Frank; Abad, Christina; Künzer, Claudia; Müller, Jörg; Kounev, Samuel (2025).
• Immersion, Attention, and Collaboration in Spatial Computing: a Study on Work Performance with Apple Vision Pro. Wienrich, Carolin; Obremski, David (2025). 1–8.

  Spatial computing is set to change the way we work. It will enable both focused work through a higher degree of immersion and collaborative work through enhanced integration of shared interaction spaces or interaction partners. With the Apple Vision Pro, the level of immersion can be adjusted seamlessly. So far, there have been no systematic studies on how this adjustability affects work performance when working alone or together. The present empirical study fills this research gap by varying the level of immersion across three stages (high, medium, low) while solving various tasks with the Apple Vision Pro. The results show that selective attention improves significantly with increasing immersion levels. In contrast, social presence decreases with increasing immersion. In general, participants performed better in the individual task than in the collaborative task. However, the degree of immersion did not influence the collaborative performance. In addition, we could not determine any adverse effects on depth perception or user experience after use. The present study provides initial contributions to the future of spatial computing in professional settings and highlights the importance of balancing immersion and social interaction in a world where digital and physical spaces seamlessly coexist
• AI search has a citation problem: We compared eight AI search engines. They’re all bad at citing news. Jaźwińska, Klaudia; Chandrasekar, Aisvarya (2025).

  AI search tools are rapidly gaining in popularity, with nearly one in four Americans now saying they have used AI in place of traditional search engines. These tools derive their value from crawling the internet for up-to-date, relevant information—content that is often produced by news publishers.
• Hint of \($r\simeq 0.01$\) after DESI DR2 ?. Wang, Hao; Piao, Yun-Song (2025).
• Hint of \($r\simeq 0.01$\) after DESI DR2 ?. Wang, Hao; Piao, Yun-Song (2025).
• Distortion of the CMB spectrum by the first molecules of the Dark Ages. Kulinich, Yurii; Novosyadlyj, Bohdan (2025).
• Distortion of the CMB spectrum by the first molecules of the Dark Ages. Kulinich, Yurii; Novosyadlyj, Bohdan (2025).
• Supramolecular Engineering of Narrow Absorption Bands by Exciton Coupling in Pristine and Mixed Solid-State Dye Aggregates. Schembri, Tim; Albert, Julius; Hebling, Hendrik; Stepanenko, Vladimir; Anhalt, Olga; Shoyama, Kazutaka; Stolte, Matthias; Würthner, Frank (2025). 11(3) 452–464.

  Tunability of functional properties in a continuous manner is desired but challenging to accomplish for organic solid-state materials. Herein, we describe a method for tuning optoelectronic properties of solid-state aggregates with narrow absorption bands. First, we systematically shift the absorption maxima of highly dipolar merocyanine dyes in solution by chemical alterations of their chromophore cores. This leaves their solid-state packing arrangements unchanged, affording similar J- and H-coupled aggregate absorption bands at different wavelengths. Next, mixing these isostructural dyes leads to a spectral fine-tuning of the mixed layers, which could be characterized as crystalline organic solid solutions and utilized in narrowband color-selective organic photodiodes. Finally, we devise a semiempirical model, which explains the observed spectral tuning in terms of the molecular exciton theory. Thus, we demonstrate narrowband absorbing solid-state aggregates spanning the wavelength range of 437–760 nm, whose absorption can be fine-tuned over 40% of the visible light range.
• Server Energy Efficiency Benchmarks. von Kistowski, J’oakim; Meißner, Maximilian; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Arnold, Jeremy A. (2025). 247–265.

  This chapter starts by introducing the fundamentals of power and efficiency measurements and then describes a power and performance benchmark methodology developed by the SPECpower committee for commodity servers. It is designed to characterize and rate the energy efficiency of a system under test for multiple load levels, showcasing load level differences in system behavior regarding energy efficiency. The methodology was first implemented in the SPECpower_ssj 2008 benchmark and later extended with more workloads, metrics, and other application areas for the SPEC Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) suite. The SERT suite was developed to fill the need for a rating tool that can be utilized by government agencies in their regulatory programs, for example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the use in their ENERGY STAR program for servers.
• Server Energy Efficiency Benchmarks. von Kistowski, J’oakim; Meißner, Maximilian; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Arnold, Jeremy A. (2025). 247–265.

  This chapter starts by introducing the fundamentals of power and efficiency measurements and then describes a power and performance benchmark methodology developed by the SPECpower committee for commodity servers. It is designed to characterize and rate the energy efficiency of a system under test for multiple load levels, showcasing load level differences in system behavior regarding energy efficiency. The methodology was first implemented in the SPECpower_ssj 2008 benchmark and later extended with more workloads, metrics, and other application areas for the SPEC Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) suite. The SERT suite was developed to fill the need for a rating tool that can be utilized by government agencies in their regulatory programs, for example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the use in their ENERGY STAR program for servers.
• Continuous Earth Observation of Forest Dynamics and Biodiversity. Herbst, Nikolas; Kortmann, Mareike; Jaggy, Niklas; Thonfeld, Frank; Abad, Christina; Künzer, Claudia; Müller, Jörg; Kounev, Samuel (2025).
• Continuous Earth Observation of Forest Dynamics and Biodiversity. Herbst, Nikolas; Kortmann, Mareike; Jaggy, Niklas; Thonfeld, Frank; Abad, Christina; Künzer, Claudia; Müller, Jörg; Kounev, Samuel (2025).
• PregMedNet: Multifaceted Maternal Medication Impacts on Neonatal Complications. Kim, Yeasul; Marić, Ivana; Kashiwagi, Chloe M.; Han, Lichy; Chung, Philip; Reiss, Jonathan D; Butcher, Lindsay D.; Caoili, Kaitlin J.; Berson, Eloïse; Xue, Lei; Espinosa, Camilo; James, Tomin; Shome, Sayane; Xie, Feng; Ghanem, Marc; Seong, David; Chang, Alan L; Reincke, S Momsen; Mataraso, Samson; Shu, Chi-Hung; Francesco, Davide De; Becker, Martin; Kumar, Wasan M; Wong, Ron; Gaudilliere, Brice; Angst, Martin S; Shaw, Gary M; Bateman, Brian T; Stevenson, David K; Prince, Lance S; Aghaeepour, Nima (2025).
• Server Energy Efficiency Benchmarks. von Kistowski, J’oakim; Meißner, Maximilian; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Arnold, Jeremy A. (2025). 247–265.

  This chapter starts by introducing the fundamentals of power and efficiency measurements and then describes a power and performance benchmark methodology developed by the SPECpower committee for commodity servers. It is designed to characterize and rate the energy efficiency of a system under test for multiple load levels, showcasing load level differences in system behavior regarding energy efficiency. The methodology was first implemented in the SPECpower_ssj 2008 benchmark and later extended with more workloads, metrics, and other application areas for the SPEC Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) suite. The SERT suite was developed to fill the need for a rating tool that can be utilized by government agencies in their regulatory programs, for example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the use in their ENERGY STAR program for servers.
• Collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a Strongly Eddying Ocean-Only Model. van Westen, René M.; Kliphuis, Michael; Dijkstra, Henk A. (2025). 52(6) e2024GL114532.

  Abstract A collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) under a quasi-equilibrium freshwater forcing has now been found in a hierarchy of ocean-climate models and up to a fully-coupled climate model, the Community Earth System Model (CESM). However, the effects of eddies on the ocean flows are represented in a highly idealized way in the CESM and it is unknown how these affect AMOC stability. Here, we show results of the first quasi-equilibrium hosing simulation with a strongly eddying ocean-only model in which the AMOC collapses. By comparing these results to those of a companion non-eddying simulation with the same model, it is found that eddies are able to maintain a weak (∼ \\($\sim \$\)5 Sv) AMOC flow in the collapsed state. In addition, we find that the AMOC induced freshwater transport at 34° \\($^\circ\$\)S is a reliable physics-based early warning indicator for the onset of the AMOC collapse.
• Unveiling the spatio-temporal patterns of vegetation growth influenced by diverse urban intensity gradients. Zhong, Jing; Liu, Jiafeng; Jiao, Limin; Geiß, Christian; Droin, Ariane; Taubenböck, Hannes (2025). 112

  Urban vegetation plays a pivotal role in mitigating environmental challenges, yet its growth is influenced by both positive and negative impacts of urbanization. The spatio-temporal dynamics of these dual effects, particularly the indirect benefits, remain insufficiently explored. Taking Chengdu as a case study, we applied two complementary urban intensity gradients, a conceptual (local) and a physical (rural-urban) approach, to quantify urbanization's impacts on vegetation, as measured by net primary productivity (NPP), and to investigate temporal and spatial variations. Both approaches indicate that urbanization initially has a negative effect on vegetation, but transitions to positive impact as overall urban intensity increases. The conceptual gradient analysis demonstrates a marked temporal increase in positive indirect effect, rising from 0.99 % in 2000 to 49.51 % in 2010 and reaching 85.15 % in 2018, highlighting significant temporal variability in vegetation enhancement. Meanwhile, the physical gradient reveals pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with stable and prominent indirect compensation effects in suburban areas compared to urban cores. These findings deepen the understanding of urban vegetation dynamics and provide valuable guidance for targeted vegetation management and sustainable urban planning.
• Major abnormalities of the electrocardiogram and cardiovascular risk in a medium and high-risk Mediterranean population. Pou Bordoy, Joan; Leiva, Alfonso; Albendín Ariza, Maria José; Llanos, Roberto Elosúa; Rigo Carratalà, Fernando; Romaguera, Dora; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi; Babio, Nancy; Martinez-González, Miguel Angel; Toledo, Estefanía; Fitó, Montserrat; Aros, Fernando; Estruch, Ramon; Fiol Sala, Miquel (2025). 164(6) 277–286.

  INTRODUCTION: Major electrocardiogram abnormalities (MECG) are common in middle-aged and older individuals and could be an important factor in predicting cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the association between MECG (Minnesota classification) and CVE independently of classic cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), and to assess whether they improve the prediction according to the Spanish Coronary Event Risk Function (FRESCO). METHOD: 1.752 participants included in three nodes of the PREDIMED study aged between 55 and 80 years with medium or high CVRF. Mean follow-up time was 5.1 years. Cumulative CVE incidence was estimated by sex with and without MECG, and hazard ratios by sex were estimated using multivariate Cox regressions adjusted for randomization group and CCRF (FRESCO). Harrel's C Indices, Nam d'Agostino, Net Reclassification Improvement, and Integrated Discrimination Improvement were calculated. RESULTS: At baseline, 25% of the participants shows major electrocardiogram abnormalities (AMECG). During follow-up, there were 112 cardiovascular events (16 cardiovascular deaths, 15 acute myocardial infarctions, 38 anginas, 43 strokes). MECG were significantly associated with the onset of CVE. In men, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) criteria were associated with T-wave inversion (HR: 17.88, 95% CI: 5.51-58.03, pvalor<.001) and QT interval prolongation (HR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.38-4.21, pvalor=.002); in women, atrial fibrillation (HR: 5.7, 95% CI: 1.76-18.72, pvalor=.006) and ST-segment depression (HR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.36-7.71, pvalor<.001) were associated. No significant improvement in MECG prediction compared to FRESCO was observed. CONCLUSIONS: MECG are independently associated with the occurrence of CVE, but do not improve risk prediction beyond traditional risk factors.
• Infusion of young donor plasma components in older patients modifies the immune and inflammatory response to surgical tissue injury: a randomized clinical trial. Gaudilliere, Brice; Xue, Lei; Tsai, Amy S.; Gao, Xiaoxiao; McAllister, Tiffany N.; Tingle, Martha; Porras, Gladys; Feinstein, Igor; Feyaerts, Dorien; Verdonk, Franck; Sabayev, Maximilian; Hedou, Julien; Ganio, Edward A.; Berson, Eloïse; Becker, Martin; Espinosa, Camilo; Kim, Yeasul; Lehallier, Benoit; Rawner, Esther; Feng, Chunmiao; Amanatullah, Derek F.; Huddleston, James I.; Goodman, Stuart B.; Aghaeepour, Nima; Angst, Martin S. (2025). 23(1)
• ANGOFA: Leveraging OFA Embedding Initialization and Synthetic Data for Angolan Language Model. Quinjica, Osvaldo Luamba; Adelani, David Ifeoluwa (2024, April).

  The development of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has increased in recent years, showing their ability to overcome linguistic barriers and enable knowledge transfer across different languages. However, very-low resource languages have been largely excluded from this progress, creating a significant gap in the multilingual landscape. This paper addresses this issue by introducing four tailored PLMs specifically fine-tuned for Angolan languages, using a Multilingual Adaptive Fine-tuning (MAFT) approach. The paper also explores the role of informed embedding initialization and synthetic data in improving the performance of MAFT models in downstream tasks. The research shows that the models improve upon the baseline SOTA AfroXLMR-base (developed through MAFT) and OFA (an effective embedding initialization) by 12.3 and 3.8 points, respectively.
• Liveability in large housing estates in Germany – Identifying differences based on a novel concept for a walkable city. Köberl, Manuel; Wurm, Michael; Droin, Ariane; Garbasevschi, Oana M.; Dolls, Mathias; Taubenböck, Hannes (2024). 251

  In times of rapid urban expansion, urgent demand for housing and simultaneously efforts to minimise the use of urban land are competing objectives. The concept of large housing estates (LHE) has therefore regained interest. This resurgence raises questions about the living conditions within these historically stigmatised complexes. While liveability studies often rely on surveys, we present a globally applicable quantitative approach to assess liveability along the dimensions of walkability, accessibility and built-up morphology. Using geospatial data and a delineation framework based on walking distances, we identify disparities in liveability. We identified three different planning paradigms for LHEs in Germany: the ‘structured and low-dense’ type, the ‘urbanity by density’ type in Western Germany and the ‘socialistic city’ type in Eastern Germany. Our analysis reveals significant differences in accessibility and morphology, that can be attributed to the historical guiding principles. Walkability, in contrast, seems to be influenced more by environmental elements (rivers, forests) and artificial barriers (railway lines, motorways) than by planning paradigms. The ‘structured’ type is characterised by monofunctionality, limited access to urban infrastructure, low building density, but a high proportion of green spaces. The ‘urbanity by density’ type has significantly higher building densities, better accessibility, but less urban green. The ‘socialistic’ urban type could not be clearly categorised, but seems to be a mixture of the other two types. In our analysis, the ‘urbanity by density’ typology predominantly performed the best and, as such, emerges as the most liveable typology, potentially serving as a guiding model for future construction projects.
• What’s the Game, then? Opportunities and Challenges for Runtime Behavior Generation. Jennings, Nicholas; Wang, Han; Li, Isabel; Smith, James; Hartmann, Bjoern L. Yao, M. Goel, A. Ion, P. Lopes (eds.) (2024). 106:1–106:13.
• A Novel Approach to Detecting Blockages in Sewers and Drains: The Reflected Wave Technique. Kelly, David A.; Garden, Mark; Sharif, Khanda; Campbell, David; Gormley, Michael (2024). 14(10)

  Blockages in sewers and drains often result in overflows and flooding that cause significant environmental pollution and public health risks, particularly in hospitals, where the consequences can be catastrophic. Due to their low “visibility”, sewers and drains are inherently difficult to monitor and maintain, resulting in a reactive management approach whereby maintenance or repair is carried out only after a system failure has occurred. This paper investigates the feasibility of applying the reflected wave technique, a unique sonar-like monitoring approach capable of identifying changes in the geometry of closed-pipe conduits, as a means of proactive system monitoring. The technique uses a 10 Hz sinusoidal air pressure wave which is transmitted into the drainpipe. When the pressure wave encounters a system boundary, a reflection is generated which alters the measured test pressure response. Analysis of the reflections generated by a changed system boundary, such as the formation of a blockage, can provide information related to the location of that boundary within the system. An experimental setup was developed to simulate a horizontal drain using standard pipework of 100 mm diameter and 70 m length. The technique was able to detect applied blockages with cross-sectional coverage of 30% and 75%, and lengths ranging from 30 mm to 3000 mm. Accuracy was improved when the pressure sensor was positioned closer to the blockage. When the sensor was 3.4 m from the blockage, location estimates were very accurate (−2% to 3% error). At a 14 m distance from the blockage, the error increased to between 4% and 33%. The accuracy of blockage detection and location improved with increasing blockage cross-sectional area and length. Overall, the reflected wave technique could provide a potentially continuous monitoring solution for blockage detection in sewers and drains.
• DPI: Ensuring Strict Differential Privacy for Infinite Data Streaming. Feng, Shuya; Mohammady, Meisam; Wang, Han; Li, Xiaochen; Qin, Zhan; Hong, Yuan (2024). 1009–1027.
• Large Language Models for Code Analysis: Do LLMs Really Do Their Job?. Fang, Chongzhou; Miao, Ning; Srivastav, Shaurya; Liu, Jialin; Zhang, Ruoyu; Fang, Ruijie; Asmita; Tsang, Ryan; Nazari, Najmeh; Wang, Han; Homayoun, Houman D. Balzarotti, W. Xu (eds.) (2024).
• GPTVoiceTasker: Advancing Multi-step Mobile Task Efficiency Through Dynamic Interface Exploration and Learning. Vu, Minh Duc; Wang, Han; Chen, Jieshan; Li, Zhuang; Zhao, Shengdong; Xing, Zhenchang; Chen, Chunyang L. Yao, M. Goel, A. Ion, P. Lopes (eds.) (2024). 48:1–48:17.
• QubiCML: ML-Powered Real-Time Quantum State Discrimination Enabling Mid-Circuit Measurements. Vora, Neel R.; Xu, Yilun; Hasim, Akel; Fruitwala, Neelay; Nguyen, Nam; Liao, Horan; Balewski, Jan; Rajagopala, Abhi D.; Nowrouzi, Kasra; Ji, Qing; Whaley, K. Birgitta; Siddiqi, Irfan; Nguyen, Phuc; Huang, Gang M. Osinski, B. L. Cour, L. Yeh (eds.) (2024). 414–415.
• Evolving Markov Chains: Unsupervised Mode Discovery and Recognition from Data Streams. Coşkun, Kutalmış; Tümer, Borahan; Hiller, Bjarne C.; Becker, Martin (2024). 1
• Hardware Implementation of a GMDH Controller for Mobile Robot Obstacle Following/Avoidance. Pastrana, M. A.; Oliveira, Luiz Henrique; Santana, Mateus Souza; Oliveira, V. C.; Mendoza-Peñaloza, Jose; Muñoz, Daniel M. (2023). 206–211.
• Upper Bounds of Maximum Land Surface Temperatures in a Warming Climate and Limits to Plant Growth. Aminzadeh, Milad; Or, Dani; Stevens, Bjorn; AghaKouchak, Amir; Shokri, Nima (2023). 11(9) e2023EF003755.

  Abstract Extremely high land surface temperatures affect soil ecological processes, alter land-atmosphere interactions, and may limit some forms of life. Extreme surface temperature hotspots are presently identified using satellite observations or deduced from complex Earth system models. We introduce a simple, yet physically based analytical approach that incorporates salient land characteristics and atmospheric conditions to globally identify locations of extreme surface temperatures and their upper bounds. We then provide a predictive tool for delineating the spatial extent of land hotspots at the limits to biological adaptability. The model is in good agreement with satellite observations showing that temperature hotspots are associated with high radiation and low wind speed and occur primarily in Middle East and North Africa, with maximum temperatures exceeding 85°C during the study period from 2005 to 2020. We observed an increasing trend in maximum surface temperatures at a rate of 0.17°C/decade. The model allows quantifying how upper bounds of extreme temperatures can increase in a warming climate in the future for which we do not have satellite observations and offers new insights on potential impacts of future warming on limits to plant growth and biological adaptability.
• Side Channel-Assisted Inference Attacks on Machine Learning-Based ECG Classification. Liu, Jialin; Homayoun, Houman; Fang, Chongzhou; Miao, Ning; Wang, Han (2023). 1–9.
• Myths matter: Einleitung der Herausgeber. Klatetzki, Thomas; Ortmann, Günther T. Klatetzki, G. Ortmann (eds.) (2023). 7–29.
• HeteroScore: Evaluating and Mitigating Cloud Security Threats Brought by Heterogeneity. Fang, Chongzhou; Nazari, Najmeh; Omidi, Behnam; Wang, Han; Puri, Aditya; Arora, Manish; Rafatirad, Setareh; Homayoun, Houman; Khasawneh, Khaled N. (2023).
• Are public green spaces distributed fairly? A nationwide analysis based on remote sensing, OpenStreetMap and census data. Weigand, Matthias; Wurm, Michael; Droin, Ariane; Stark, Thomas; Staab, Jeroen; Rauh, Jürgen; Taubenböck, Hannes (2023). 38(1)
• Organisation und Mythos Klatetzki, Thomas; Ortmann, Günther (2023). Velbrück Wissenschaft, Weilerswist.

  Ist die Kategorie Organisation tatsächlich so unproblematisch, wie der organisationstheoretische Mainstream meint? Gibt es die Gebilde überhaupt, die mit diesem Begriff beschrieben werden sollen? Oder handelt es sich im Gegenteil um Erfindungen, in die Welt gesetzt von denjenigen, die Organisationstheorie betreiben? Eine andere Position lautet: Organisationen sind reale soziale Formationen, die sich allerdings der performativen Wirkung von Fiktionen und insbesondere Mythen verdanken. Ausgehend von einem Begriff des Mythos, der diesen nicht auf eine rational leicht zu entlarvende Lüge reduziert, geht der vorliegende Band den Mythen des Organisierens und der Organisationen nach.
• A Generalized Framework for Preserving Both Privacy and Utility in Data Outsourcing (Extended Abstract). Xie, Shangyu; Mohammady, Meisam; Wang, Han; Wang, Lingyu; Vaidya, Jaideep; Hong, Yuan (2022). 1549–1550.
• Swin Transformer Assisted Prior Attention Network for Medical Image Segmentation. Liao, Zhihao; Xu, Kai; Fan, Neng (2022). 491–497.
• Repttack: Exploiting Cloud Schedulers to Guide Co-Location Attacks. Fang, Chongzhou; Wang, Han; Nazari, Najmeh; Omidi, Behnam; Sasan, Avesta; Khasawneh, Khaled N.; Rafatirad, Setareh; Homayoun, Houman (2022).
• Universal 3-Dimensional Perturbations for Black-Box Attacks on Video Recognition Systems. Xie, Shangyu; Wang, Han; Kong, Yu; Hong, Yuan (2022). 1390–1407.
• Pareto Policy Pool for Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning. Yang, Yijun; Jiang, Jing; Zhou, Tianyi; Ma, Jie; Shi, Yuhui (2022).
• Morphometrische Ableitung von Fließfacetten anhand von hochauflösenden Structure from Motion (SfM) Geländemodellen. Droin, Ariane; Bauer, Christian (2022). 73(1-4)
• Zitate der ›Aeneis‹ in den Briefen des Hieronymus Revellio, Marie (2022). De Gruyter, Berlin, Boston.
• BSO-ES: A Hybrid Direct Policy Search Algorithm for Reinforcement Learning. Zhang, Youkui; Zhang, Liang; Duan, Qiqi; Shi, Yuhui (2021). 1–6.
• LAE : Long-Tailed Age Estimation. Bao, Zenghao; Tan, Zichang; Zhu, Yu; Wan, Jun; Ma, Xibo; Lei, Zhen; Guo, Guodong in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, N. Tsapatsoulis, A. Panayides, T. Theocharides, A. Lanitis, C. S. Pattichis, M. Vento (eds.) (2021). (Vol. 13053) 308–316.
• Parallel Population-Based Simulated Annealing for High-Dimensional Black-Box Optimization. Zhang, Youkui; Duan, Qiqi; Shao, Chang; Shi, Yuhui (2021). 1–7.
• Spatial factors influencing building age prediction and implications for urban residential energy modelling. Garbasevschi, Oana M.; Estevam Schmiedt, Jacob; Verma, Trivik; Lefter, Iulia; Korthals Altes, Willem K.; Droin, Ariane; Schiricke, Björn; Wurm, Michael (2021). 88

  Urban energy consumption is expected to continuously increase alongside rapid urbanization. The building sector represents a key area for curbing the consumption trend and reducing energy-related emissions by adopting energy efficiency strategies. Building age acts as a proxy for building insulation properties and is an important parameter for energy models that facilitate decision making. The present study explores the potential of predicting residential building age at a large geographical scale from open spatial data sources in eight municipalities in the German federal state of North-Rhine Westphalia. The proposed framework combines building attributes with street and block metrics as classification features in a Random Forest model. Results show that the addition of urban fabric metrics improves the accuracy of building age prediction in specific training scenarios. Furthermore, the findings highlight the way in which the spatial disposition of training and test samples influences classification accuracy. Additionally, the paper investigates the impact of age misclassification on residential building heat demand estimation. The age classification model leads to reasonable errors in energy estimates, in various scenarios of training, which suggests that the proposed method is a promising addition to the urban energy modelling toolkit.
• Evaluation of Machine Learning-based Detection against Side-Channel Attacks on Autonomous Vehicle. Wang, Han; Salehi, Soheil; Sayadi, Hossein; Sasan, Avesta; Mohsenin, Tinoosh; D., Sai Manoj P.; Rafatirad, Setareh; Homayoun, Houman (2021). 1–4.
• Preserving Coupled Nodes in Population-Based CNP Solvers by Clustering-Elitism Search. Feng, Mingyang; Zhao, Qi; Zhang, Liang; He, Shan; Shi, Yuhui (2021). 1–7.
• Collecting data for urban building energy modelling by remote sensing and machine learning. Gorzalka, Philip; Garbasevschi, Oana M.; Schmiedt, Jacob Estevam; Droin, Ariane; Linkiewicz, Magdalena; Wurm, Michael; Hoffschmidt, Bernhard in Building Simulation (2021). (Vol. 17) 1139–1146.

  High-quality data on the investigated area is crucial for modelling urban building energy demands, but its availability is often insufficient. We present an approach to acquire (i) building geometries, (ii) their ages, and (iii) their retrofit states. It consists of creating a 3D model from aerial imagery, determining building ages through machine learning, generating a simulation model based on open-source tools, and assessing retrofit states by comparing simulated temperatures with infrared thermography (IRT) measurements. The demonstration on a case study quarter in Berlin shows that heat demand results are comparable to other tools. Using machine learning is already wellsuited to close knowledge gaps regarding building ages. However, retrofit state assessment using IRT was unsatisfactory due to insufficient measurement accuracy and is envisaged for improvement in future research, along with a validation of the approach.
• DiffTech: a tool for differencing similar technologies from question-and-answer discussions. Wang, Han; Chen, Chunyang; Xing, Zhenchang; Grundy, John C. P. Devanbu, M. B. Cohen, T. Zimmermann (eds.) (2020). 1576–1580.
• Recent Advancements in Microarchitectural Security: Review of Machine Learning Countermeasures. Sayadi, Hossein; Wang, Han; Miari, Tahereh; Makrani, Hosein Mohammadi; Aliasgari, Mehrdad; Rafatirad, Setareh; Homayoun, Houman (2020). 949–952.
• Hybrid-Shield: Accurate and Efficient Cross-Layer Countermeasure for Run-Time Detection and Mitigation of Cache-Based Side-Channel Attacks. Wang, Han; Sayadi, Hossein; Sasan, Avesta; Rafatirad, Setareh; Homayoun, Houman (2020). 36:1–36:9.
• Generative Ratio Matching Networks. Srivastava, Akash; Xu, Kai; Gutmann, Michael U.; Sutton, Charles (2020).
• A+ Tuning: Architecture+Application Auto-Tuning for In-Memory Data-Processing Frameworks. Wang, Han; Rafatirad, Setareh; Homayoun, Houman (2019). 163–166.
• Sparse-Temporal Segment Network for Action Recognition. Li, Chaobo; Ding, Yupeng; Li, Hongjun in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Z. Cui, J. Pan, S. Zhang, L. Xiao, J. Yang (eds.) (2019). (Vol. 11935) 80–90.
• CONFIRM: Evaluating Compatibility and Relevance of Control-flow Integrity Protections for Modern Software. Xu, Xiaoyang; Ghaffarinia, Masoud; Wang, Wenhao; Hamlen, Kevin W.; Lin, Zhiqiang N. Heninger, P. Traynor (eds.) (2019). 1805–1821.
• Hierarchical Decomposition based Cooperative Coevolution for Large-Scale Black-Box Optimization. Duan, Qiqi; Qu, Liang; Shao, Chang; Shi, Yuhui (2019). 2690–2697.
• Query-based Interactive Recommendation by Meta-Path and Adapted Attention-GRU. Zhu, Yu; Gong, Yu; Liu, Qingwen; Ma, Yingcai; Ou, Wenwu; Zhu, Junxiong; Wang, Beidou; Guan, Ziyu; Cai, Deng W. Zhu, D. Tao, X. Cheng, P. Cui, E. A. Rundensteiner, D. Carmel, Q. He, J. X. Yu (eds.) (2019). 2585–2593.
• Study on the economic impact of blockchain on the Danish industry and labor market Beck, Roman; Kubach, Michael; Jørgensen, Kim Peiter; Sellung, Rachelle; Schunck, Christian; Gentile, Lorenzo in IT University Technical Report Series (2019). IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.

  The report is a joined achievement of the European Blockchain Center at the IT University of Copenhagen, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering, Confederation of Danish Industry, Statistics Denmark, and the Danish Industry Foundation and focuses on the application of blockchain technologies in different industry sectors in Denmark. The report provides a general introduction into blockchain, an analysis of clusters, a review of the comprehensive empirical study, a comparison with selected countries, scenario analyses, and finally recommendations in the conclusion.
• Dynamic Multimodal Optimization Using Brain Storm Optimization Algorithms. Cheng, Shi; Lu, Hui; Song, Wu; Chen, Junfeng; Shi, Yuhui in Communications in Computer and Information Science, J. Qiao, X. Zhao, L. Pan, X. Zuo, X. Zhang, Q. Zhang, S. Huang (eds.) (2018). (Vol. 951) 236–245.
• Inverse Reinforcement Learning Based Human Behavior Modeling for Goal Recognition in Dynamic Local Network Interdiction. Zeng, Yunxiu; Xu, Kai; Yin, Quanjun; Qin, Long; Zha, Yabing; Yeoh, William in AAAI Technical Report (2018). (Vol. WS-18) 646–653.
• Chaotic predator-prey brain storm optimization for continuous optimization problems. Qiu, Huaxin; Duan, Haibin; Zhou, Ziwei; Hu, Xiaogang; Shi, Yuhui (2017). 1–7.
• Visualizing the Search Dynamics in a High-Dimensional Space for a Particle Swarm Optimizer. Duan, Qiqi; Shao, Chang; Li, Xiaodong; Shi, Yuhui in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Y. Shi, K. C. Tan, M. Zhang, K. Tang, X. Li, Q. Zhang, Y. Tan, M. Middendorf, Y. Jin (eds.) (2017). (Vol. 10593) 994–1002.
• Normalized Ranking Based Particle Swarm Optimizer for Many Objective Optimization. Cheng, Shi; Lei, Xiujuan; Chen, Junfeng; Feng, Jiqiang; Shi, Yuhui in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Y. Shi, K. C. Tan, M. Zhang, K. Tang, X. Li, Q. Zhang, Y. Tan, M. Middendorf, Y. Jin (eds.) (2017). (Vol. 10593) 347–357.
• Privacy-Preserving Multi-party Aggregate Signcryption for Heterogeneous Systems. Niu, Shufen; Li, Zhenbin; Wang, Caifen in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, X. Sun, H.-C. Chao, X. You, E. Bertino (eds.) (2017). (Vol. 10603) 216–229.
• Fall detection based on depth images via wavelet moment. Ding, Yupeng; Li, Hongjun; Li, Chaobo; Xu, Ke; Guo, Pengzhen Q. Li, L. Wang, M. Zhou, L. Sun, S. Qiu, H. Liu (eds.) (2017). 1–5.
• Joint object region location and deep feature learning for fall recognition. Li, Chaobo; Li, Hongjun; Ding, Yupeng; Xu, Ke; Zhang, Wenmin Q. Li, L. Wang, M. Zhou, L. Sun, S. Qiu, H. Liu (eds.) (2017). 1–5.
• A Simple Brain Storm Optimization Algorithm via Visualizing Confidence Intervals. Cao, Yingying; Chen, Wei; Cheng, Shi; Sun, Yifei; Liu, Qunfeng; Li, Yun; Shi, Yuhui in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Y. Shi, K. C. Tan, M. Zhang, K. Tang, X. Li, Q. Zhang, Y. Tan, M. Middendorf, Y. Jin (eds.) (2017). (Vol. 10593) 27–38.
• Self-assembled plasmonic nanogaps: Enabling early detection of biofilm formation. Nguyen, Cuong; Thrift, William J.; Bhattacharjee, Arunima; Darvishzadeh-Varcheie, Mahsa; Capolino, Filippo; Hochbaum, Allon I.; Ragana, Regina (2017). 1–3.
• Report on the BTAS 2016 Video Person Recognition Evaluation. Scheirer, Walter J.; Flynn, Patrick J.; Ding, Changxing; Guo, Guodong; Struc, Vitomir; Jazaery, Mohamad Al; Grm, Klemen; Dobrisek, Simon; Tao, Dacheng; Zhu, Yu; Brogan, Joel; Banerjee, Sandipan; Bharati, Aparna; RichardWebster, Brandon (2016). 1–8.
• Towards an Integrated Learning Framework for Behavior Modeling of Adaptive CGFs. Zhang, Qi; Yin, Quanjun; Xu, Kai (2016). 7–12.
• NGOs, political protest, and civil society Boulding, Carew (2016). (First paperback edition ) Cambridge University Press, New York.
• Still to video face recognition using a heterogeneous matching approach. Zhu, Yu; Zheng, Zhenzhu; Li, Yan; Mu, Guowang; Shan, Shiguang; Guo, Guodong (2015). 1–6.
• Aggregating Opinions to Optimize Multi-objective Urban Tactical Position Selection. Xu, Kai; Sun, Lin; Yin, Quanjun (2015). 140–146.
• Energy-aware video streaming on smartphones. Hu, Wenjie; Cao, Guohong (2015). 1185–1193.
• Haze removal based on sparse representation prior. Li, Jiafeng; Zhang, Hong; Chen, Hao; Yang, Yifan; Sun, Mingui (2015). 781–785.
• Extended abstract for Canvas Obscura. Snodgrass, Sam; Goldberg, Benjamin; Evans, Ariel; Packard, Brandon; Lu, Cathy; Zhu, Jichen L. E. Nacke, T. C. N. Graham (eds.) (2014). 379–382.
• Energy optimization through traffic aggregation in wireless networks. Hu, Wenjie; Cao, Guohong (2014). 916–924.
• Modeling the scholars: Detecting intertextuality through enhanced word-level n-gram matching. Forstall, Christopher; Coffee, Neil; Buck, Thomas; Roache, Katherine; Jacobson, Sarah (2014). 30(4) 503–515.

  The study of intertextuality, or how authors make artistic use of other texts in their works, has a long tradition, and has in recent years benefited from a variety of applications of digital methods. This article describes an approach for detecting the sorts of intertexts that literary scholars have found most meaningful, as embodied in the free Tesserae website http://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu/. Tests of Tesserae Versions 1 and 2 showed that word-level n-gram matching could recall a majority of parallels identified by scholarly commentators in a benchmark set. But these versions lacked precision, so that the meaningful parallels could be found only among long lists of those that were not meaningful. The Version 3 search described here adds a second stage scoring system that sorts the found parallels by a formula accounting for word frequency and phrase density. Testing against a benchmark set of intertexts in Latin epic poetry shows that the scoring system overall succeeds in ranking parallels of greater significance more highly, allowing site users to find meaningful parallels more quickly. Users can also choose to adjust both recall and precision by focusing only on results above given score levels. As a theoretical matter, these tests establish that lemma identity, word frequency, and phrase density are important constituents of what make a phrase parallel a meaningful intertext.
• Die entfesselte Exekutive : Die Krise des liberalen Legalismus Posner, Eric A. (2014). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin.
• Translation Validation of Loop Optimizations and Software Pipelining in the TVOC Framework - In Memory of Amir Pnueli. Goldberg, Benjamin in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, R. Cousot, M. Martel (eds.) (2010). (Vol. 6337) 6–21.
• Research on User Groups Features of Mobile Payment: An Empirical Analysis Based on Association Rules of Data Mining. Li, Jian-Min; Wang, Xiaoding (2010). 129–134.
• Agent Architecture in Social Games - The Implementation of Subsumption Architecture in Diplomacy. Krzywinski, Aleksander; Chen, Weiqin; Helgesen, Arne C. Darken, M. Mateas (eds.) (2008).
• Building UML Models Collaboratively. Chen, Weiqin; Pedersen, Roger; Pettersen, Øystein J. A. M. Cordeiro, V. Pedrosa, B. Encarnação, J. Filipe (eds.) (2006). 106–111.
• The digital sublime: myth, power, and cyberspace Mosco, Vincent (2004). The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

  The digital era promises, as did many other technological developments before it, the transformation of society: with the computer, we can transcend time, space, and politics-as-usual. In The Digital Sublime, Vincent Mosco goes beyond the usual stories of technological breakthrough and economic meltdown to explore the myths constructed around the new digital technology and why we feel compelled to believe in them. He tells us that what kept enthusiastic investors in the dotcom era bidding up stocks even after the crash had begun was not willful ignorance of the laws of economics but belief in the myth that cyberspace was opening up a new world.
• Theory and Algorithms for the Generation and Validation of Speculative Loop Optimizations. Hu, Ying; Barrett, Clark W.; Goldberg, Benjamin (2004). 281–289.
• Empirical study of particle swarm optimization. Shi, Yuhui; Eberhart, Russell C. (1999). 1945–1950.
• Pandora’s hope: essays on the reality of science studies Latour, Bruno (1999). Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

  A scientist friend asked Bruno Latour point-blank: “Do you believe in reality?” Taken aback by this strange query, Latour offers his meticulous response in Pandora’s Hope. It is a remarkable argument for understanding the reality of science in practical terms.
• Control chaos in nonautonomous cellular neural networks using impulsive control methods. He, Zhenya; Zhang, Yifeng; Yang, Luxi; Shi, Yuhui (1999). 262–267.
• Comparison between Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization. Eberhart, Russell C.; Shi, Yuhui in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, V. W. Porto, N. Saravanan, D. E. Waagen, A. E. Eiben (eds.) (1998). (Vol. 1447) 611–616.
• Parameter Selection in Particle Swarm Optimization. Shi, Yuhui; Eberhart, Russell C. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, V. W. Porto, N. Saravanan, D. E. Waagen, A. E. Eiben (eds.) (1998). (Vol. 1447) 591–600.
• Real-Time Deques, Multihead Thring Machines, and Purely Functional Programming. Chuang, Tyng-Ruey; Goldberg, Benjamin J. Williams (ed.) (1993). 289–298.
• Incremental Garbage Collection Without Tags. Goldberg, Benjamin in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, B. Krieg-Brückner (ed.) (1992). (Vol. 582) 200–218.
• Escape Analysis on Lists. Park, Young Gil; Goldberg, Benjamin S. I. Feldman, R. L. Wexelblat (eds.) (1992). 116–127.
• Extreme Maximum Land Surface Temperatures. Garratt, J. R. (1992). 31(9) 1096–1105.
• Tag-Free Garbage Collection for Strongly Typed Programming Languages. Goldberg, Benjamin D. S. Wise (ed.) (1991). 165–176.
• Higher Order Escape Analysis: Optimizing Stack Allocation in Functional Program Implementations. Goldberg, Benjamin; Park, Young Gil in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, N. D. Jones (ed.) (1990). (Vol. 432) 152–160.
• Generational Reference Counting: A Reduced-Communication Distributed Storage Reclamation Scheme. Goldberg, Benjamin R. L. Wexelblat (ed.) (1989). 313–321.
• Detecting sharing of partial applications in functional programs. Goldberg, Benjamin in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, G. Kahn (ed.) (1987). (Vol. 274) 408–425.
• Clarke’s Third Law on UFO’s. Clarke, Arthur C. (1968). 159(3812) 255–255.