Results

Forecasting of the Traffic Situation in the Hannover Region

The main requirement of road traffic participants is to know the current traffic situation. Such data is typically obtained from routing services where the time of many different individual trips is taken into account.

In the context of Data4UrbanMobility tools were developed that allow to predict the traffic situation based on such time series data. The following figure presents an interface to visualize typical time series patterns as well as outliers present in the data:

The prediction of the traffic situation is made available in the form of a map based interface for the end user:

Data4UrbanMobility Data Protection Regulation

The work on the Data4UrbanMobility data protection regulation is completed. The document is publicly available and can be found here.

First Version of MiC-App Available

A first version of the novel MiC-App (Move in the City) App is now available for D4UM-associates as well as a protected group of public users. The mobile MiC-App is a tool to gather data.

MiC was developed by the Institute for Sustainable Urbanism at the University of Braunschweig and the Projektionisten GmbH. MiC links the growing awareness of digital citizen rights with the potential of evaluation big datasets. Therefore MiC gives the opportunity to citizen to actively participate in a citizen science project to take part in the development of the mobility of the feature.

MiC gathers data of the users movement, where the user has the about which data should be recorded. All data is pseudonymised such that the privacy of the contributing citizen is ensured.

Current Status:

In the first version of the app, the user can easily start and end the tracking of his/her movement. It is worth to point out, that the user decides when he is tracked and when not. A summary of his/her activity is available for the user as well as the opportunity to issue feedback or even delete all of his contributed data.

Updated System with Dashboard V2

With the new version of our system, the dashboard will provide even more insights into the impact of public events on the traffic situation.

The coloring and labels let us easily distinguish between the different type of events. By clicking on the label we show the typically affected subgraph for that event type. This allows the user to check what specific routes are typically affected by an event at that location.

Examples: Visualisation of a concert and a football game.

In addition, the graph at the top right gives additional information on how big the impact around the events start time tends to be.

{API}
We enriched the api endpoints with additional information from the data models that were developed as part of the research efforts.

D4UM App Version 1.0

We just released the first Version of the D4UM App. Every project member now has access to the application and can try out its features. Let’s quickly go over some of its main features.
The EFA integration (EFA is a routing engine covering Lower Saxony and Bremen ) allows for quick access to tip information using all available public transport options. Our focus, when designing the application, was on quick and easy navigation to provide a simple and easy to use trip planning tool.

Departures and Connections

On the departure screen we show the user the closes stops for public transportation in his immediate vicinity. On the connection screen the user can fill in his desired starting location( either an address or an existing stop ) and destination and query for what connections are available to him. The provided information contains real time data , meaning we are able to visualized delays for any given connection.

Map

On the map screen you can see and or find all available stops of public transportation. This allows for providing the user with a great way to find out what stops are available in their city. By clicking on any of the shown stops will open the departure screen and provide you with the information mentioned above. To better visualize a selected connection, we show the route you plan to travel on the map.

Menu / Settings

Additional features can be found in the settings menu of the application. Here you can find settings that allow you to customize your routing results for both the departures and connection screen. The best way to let us know what you think about the application is to use the feedback module. This can be found here as well. First click on the emoji that best describe how you feel about the app. And then put in any additional information or ideas or thoughts you may have. Now what is left is just to press send and you will send us an email.

We look forward to hearing from you.

Quantification and Prediction of Impact of Public Events

Current Data4UrbanMobility research results allow for measuring and prediction of spatial impact on road traffic of public events. Connected, affected street segments nearby public events are identified to measure the spatial impact. The approach is depicted in the following figure:

(Karte von https://www.openstreetmap.org)

An event is marked as yellow dot, affected streets in red and the measured impact in dark blue. Moreover, an approach making use of machine learning algorithms was developed to predict the impact determined in this way, resulting an error-reduction of up to 40% when compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches.

D4UM – Platform V1 Released

The first version of the Data4UrbanMobiltiy platform has been released. The platform was designed and implemented following a 3-tier-architecture. The platform provides RESTfull Web services for mobility applications like dashboards or mobile apps. As a demonstration, an interactive map application has been developed that visualizes the spatial impact of public events. The following figure shows a screenshot of the application.

The figure shows 4 public events in the city of Hannover. The colors represent different types of public events (e.g. concerts, fairs, sport events). The circles visualize the spatial impact on road traffic caused by the public events.

Comprehensive Set of Requirements

The Data4UrbanMobility analysis of requirements includes requirements of the application partners Region Hannover (RH) and Wolfsburg AG (WAG) as well as non functional requirements. The requirements were collected by MOMA. The L3S derived research question for data analysis which are based on the requirements of RH and WAG. The research question address especially the information needs of end-users.

The current research questions particularly include

Automated verification of traffic warnings and prediction of their impact
Identification of events and prediction of their impact
Investigation of correlation of road traffic data, public transportation query logs, traffic warnings and twitterfeeds
Determination of optimal traveling timepoints

Growing Data Collection

ISU create a comprehensive data matrix containing potential source of mobility related data. The Data4UrbanMobility data model describes all project relevant data sets and sets them into context. This makes the data available in a unified manor for both analysis and applications. The selected data sources were transformed according to the Data4UrbanMobility data model by L3S. The data quality of selected data sources (i.e. public transportation query logs and road traffic data) was examined.

Tools for extracting the relevant information from the datasets were developed to enable the integration of the datasets.

Street and graph extraction from OpenStreetMap
Bulkloader for public transportation queries
Integration of “Zentrales Haltestellen Verzeichniss” (central registry of public transportation stops)

The current collection (December 12th 2017) contians

EFA-Logs: 17 million public transportation queries
Road traffic data: 174 thousand street sements with a frequency of 15 minutes
GTFS-data: 90 thousand. public transportation stops, 2.6 thousand routes
Weather: Radolan “Regenraster” (rain grid)
Twitter: 2,5 Mio. Tweets starting at June 2017

OSM: 440 thousand streets
Events: 21 thousand public events (August 14th 2016-July 17th 2018)

Traffic warnings: 13 thousand warning (since June 2017)

Visualization of Public Transportation Information

In order to allow intuitive analytics of public transportation information, the PROJEKTIONISTEN (PROJ) developed a dashboard web application. First prototypes visualize queries addressed to the regional timetable information system EFA (www.efa.de). The prototypes serve as foundations for exploration analyses as well as the implementation of future versions of the dashboard. The following figure shows an integrated visualization of the most frequent origins and destinations of the queries.

Analysen der EFA-Logs

Analysis of EFA Public Transportation Query Logs

Analyses regarding the impact of public events on public transportation are currently conducted to address early research questions. To this extend, explorative data analyses of the impact of major public events such as football games and medium sized events such as concerts were conducted. Visual analytics were used as a first step towards comprehensive analyses, which show start-like patterns for city center which identify mobility hubs of central importance.

The figure shows the direct connection between origin and destination of public transportation queries. Darker colors correspond to more frequent queried trips. Star-like pattern identify the central train station and the central metro station.

Analyses of single stations reveal weekday dependent patterns.

The figure depicts the average number of queries with the destination “Hannover Stadionbrücke”. Differences emerge between Weekends and workdays.

The impact of public events on the queries can be visualized as well.

The figure shows the number of queries with the Destination “Hannover Stadionbrücke” for Wednesday, April 26th 2017 (orange) as well as the average number of queries on a Wednesday for the same destination. On this day a concert took place in venue nearby. The concert start at 8 pm. The significant deviations between 5 pm and 7 pm is highly likely to be caused by visitors of the concert. This shows that public transportation queries are a valuable information source to investigate the impact of public events on mobility infrastructure.

Introduction. Burkhardt, Marcus; Kropf, Jonathan; Ochs, Carsten; Seitz, Tatjana M. Burkhardt, J. Kropf, C. Ochs, T. Seitz (eds.) (2025). 5–15.
Evaluating VR and AR Mirror Exposure for Anorexia Nervosa Therapy in Adolescents: A Method Proposal for Understanding Stakeholder Perspectives. Fiedler, Marie Luisa; Bürger, Arne; Mittermeier, Sabrina; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin (2025).

Body image distortions in anorexia nervosa pose significant therapeutic challenges, requiring innovative interventions. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies offer promising solutions, yet stakeholder preferences, from therapists and patients, remain unexplored. This methodological proposal outlines focus groups to compare VR and AR mirror exposures using personalized and body-weight-modifiable avatars in anorexia nervosa therapy. Therapists will evaluate therapeutic potential, risks, and practicality, while adolescent patients will assess comfort, stress responses, and usability. The findings aim to advance the user-centered integration of VR and AR into anorexia nervosa therapy, addressing critical treatment gaps.
Image Processing-based via Agridrones for Agriculture Fields. Jumani, Awais Khan; Laghari, Asif Ali; Laghari, Rashid A.; Khan, Abdullah A.; Estrela, Vania V.; Teng, Lin; Terziev, Andrey; de Oliveira, G.G.; Iano, Yuzo (2025). 214–241.
Blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) Enabled Secure Communication Protocols for Smart Agriculture. Bukhsh, Khuda; Rind, M. Malook; Shaikh, Sarmad; Khan, Abdullah A.; Laghari, Asif Ali; Estrela, Vania V.; Andreopoulos, Nikolaos (2025). 267–284.
Conclusion. Deshpande, Anand B.; Estrela, Vania V.; Khan, Abdullah A. (2025). 307–307.
Two-dimensional polyaniline crystal with metallic out-of-plane conductivity. Zhang, Tao; Chen, Shu; Petkov, Petko St.; Zhang, Peng; Qi, Haoyuan; Nguyen, Nguyen Ngan; Zhang, Wenjie; Yoon, Jiho; Li, Peining; Brumme, Thomas; Alfonsov, Alexey; Liao, Zhongquan; Hambsch, Mike; Xu, Shunqi; Mester, Lars; Kataev, Vladislav; Büchner, Bernd; Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B.; Zschech, Ehrenfried; Parkin, Stuart S. P.; Kaiser, Ute; Heine, Thomas; Dong, Renhao; Hillenbrand, Rainer; Feng, Xinliang (2025). 638(8050) 411–417.

Linear conducting polymers show ballistic transport, imposed by mobile carriers moving along the polymer chains1,2, whereas conductance in the extended dimension, that is, between polymer strands or layers, remains weak due to the lack of intermolecular ordering and electronic coupling3--5. Here we report a multilayer-stacked two-dimensional polyaniline (2DPANI) crystal, which shows metallic out-of-plane charge transport with high electrical conductivity. The material comprises columnar πarrays with an interlayer distance of 3.59 AAand periodic rhombohedral lattices formed by interwoven polyaniline chains. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy reveals significant electron delocalization in the 2DPANI lattices. First-principles calculations indicate the in-plane 2D conjugation and strong interlayer electronic coupling in 2DPANI facilitated by the Cl-bridged layer stacking. To assess the local optical conductivity, we used terahertz and infrared nanospectroscopy to unravel a Drude-type conductivity with an infrared plasma frequency and an extrapolated local d.c. conductivity of around 200 S cm−1. Conductive scanning probe microscopy showed an unusually high out-of-plane conductivity of roughly 15 S cm−1. Transport measurements through vertical and lateral micro-devices revealed comparable high out-of-plane (roughly 7 S cm−1) and in-plane conductivity (roughly 16 S cm−1). The vertical micro-devices further showed increasing conductivity with decreasing temperature, demonstrating unique out-of-plane metallic transport behaviour. By using this multilayer-stacked 2D conducting polymer design, we predict the achievement of strong electronic coupling beyond in-plane interactions, potentially reaching three-dimensional metallic conductivity6,7.
Evolution of entanglement entropy at SU(N) deconfined quantum critical points. Song, Menghan; Zhao, Jiarui; Cheng, Meng; Xu, Cenke; Scherer, Michael; Janssen, Lukas; Meng, Zi Yang (2025). 11(6) eadr0634.

Over past two decades, the enigma of the deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) has attracted broad attention across physics communities, as it offers a new paradigm beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson framework. However, the nature of DQCP has been controversial based on conflicting numeric results. In our work, we demonstrate that an anomalous logarithmic behavior in the entanglement entropy (EE) persists in a class of models analogous to the DQCP. On the basis of quantum Monte Carlo computation of the EE on SU(N) DQCP spin models, we show that for a series of N smaller than a critical value, the anomalous logarithmic behavior always exists, which implies that previously determined DQCPs in these models do not belong to conformal fixed points. In contrast, when N≥Nc with an Nc we evaluate to lie between 7 and 8, DQCPs are consistent with conformal fixed points that can be understood within the Abelian Higgs field theory. Entanglement entropy reveals a critical Nc separating nonconformal fixed points and genuine DQCPs.
Solution-processed bismuth oxide iodide/organic-semiconductor heterojunction for UV–vis-NIR photoresponsive electronics. Dacha, Preetam; Lapalikar, Vaidehi; Rohitlal, Anju Kumari; Hambsch, Mike; Ruck, Michael; Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B. (2025). 2400726.

Abstract The emerging light absorber material bismuth oxide iodide BiOI, possesses convenient solution processibility and excellent chemical stability under ambient conditions along with a high light absorption coefficient reaching 5·104 cm?1. Classified as ?defect-tolerant,? BiOI is considered a green and low-cost alternative to lead-halide perovskites in optoelectronic devices. Its investigation in photoresponsive electronic devices, however, is limited due to its anisotropic carrier mobility and unique morphology in thin films. To utilize the advantageous properties of BiOI, in this work, it is integrated into a phototransistor as a bilayer heterojunction with the organic semiconductor DPPDTT. The smooth interfaces and higher carrier mobility of DPPDTT compared to BiOI and its hydrophobic nature enable their synergistic hybridization in a heterojunction that is optically active from the UV to the NIR region. The unencapsulated heterojunction phototransistors are stable for at least three months under atmospheric conditions. They show a high Ilight/Idark current ratio of over 104 at only 0.7 mW·cm?2 irradiation intensity at all investigated wavelengths, and a specific detectivity up to 5·1012 Jones. Initial synaptic measurements additionally reveal a neuromorphic behavior in the devices. This work charts a course towards the realization of cost-effective high-performance photoresponsive electronics for diverse applications.
Magnetoelastic coupling and large uniaxial pressure dependence of antiferromagnetic order in two-dimensional van der Waals Fe$$_\mathbf2$$P$$_\mathbf2$$S$$_\mathbf6$$ and Ni$$_\mathbf2$$P$$_\mathbf2$$S$$_\mathbf6$$ single crystals. Bestha, K. K.; Kocsis, V.; Janson, O.; Shemerliuk, Y.; Selter, S.; Aswartham, S.; Nakajima, T.; Saito, H.; Büchner, B.; Corredor, L. T.; Wolter, A. U. B. (2025). 111(2) L020409.
Odd-frequency superconducting pairing due to multiple Majorana edge modes in driven topological superconductors. Ahmed, Eslam; Tamura, Shun; Tanaka, Yukio; Cayao, Jorge (2025). 111(2) 024507.

Majorana zero modes have been shown to be the simplest quasiparticles exhibiting pure odd-frequency pairing, an effect that has so far been theoretically established in the static regime. In this work, we investigate the formation of Majorana modes and odd-frequency pairing in p-wave spin-polarized superconductors under a time-dependent drive. We first show that the driven system hosts multiple Majorana modes emerging at zero and π, whose formation can be controlled by an appropriate tuning of the drive frequency and chemical potential, in agreement with previous studies. Then we explore the induced pair correlations and find that odd-frequency spin-polarized s-wave pairing is broadly induced, acquiring large values in the presence of Majorana modes. We discover that, while odd-frequency pairing is proportional to ∼1/ω in the presence of Majorana zero modes, it is proportional to ∼1/(ω−πℏ/T) in the presence of Majorana π modes, where T is the periodicity of the drive. Furthermore, we find that the amount of odd-frequency pairing becomes larger when multiple Majorana modes appear but the overall divergent profile as a function of frequency remains. We also show that the divergent odd-frequency pairing is robust against scalar disorder. Notably, we establish a spectral bulk-boundary correspondence between the amount of boundary odd-ω pairing and the bulk topological invariants in driven chiral systems, which we show to be protected by chiral symmetry and is thus robust against disorder. Our work thus paves the way for understanding the emergent pair correlations in driven topological superconductors
Evolution of nodal line induced out-of-plane anomalous Hall effect in Co$$_\mathbf3$$Sn$$_\mathbf2$$S$$_\mathbf2$$. He, Bin; Yu, Tianye; Pan, Yu; Le, Congcong; Chen, Dong; Sun, Yan; Felser, Claudia (2025). 111(4) 045157.
Do You Feel Better? The Impact of Embodying Photorealistic Avatars with Ideal Body Weight on Attractiveness and Self-Esteem in Virtual Reality. Holderrieth, Lena; Wolf, Erik; Fiedler, Marie Luisa; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin (2025).

Body weight issues can manifest in low self-esteem through a negative body image or the feeling of unattractiveness. To explore potential interventions, the pilot study examined whether embodying a photorealistically personalized avatar with enhanced attractiveness affects self-esteem. Participants in the manipulation group adjusted their avatar's body weight to their self-defined ideal, while a control group used unmodified avatars. To confirm the manipulation, we measured the perceived avatars' attractiveness. Results showed that participants found avatars at their ideal weight significantly more attractive, confirming an effective manipulation. Further, the ideal weight group showed a clear trend towards higher self-esteem post-exposure.
Precision-Agri: loT-Smart Contract Enables Novel and Secure Supply Chain and Forecasting Architecture for Smart Business Agriculture. Khan, Abdullah A.; Shaikh, Aftab Ahmed; Laghari, Asif Ali; Dootio, Mazhar Ali; Hussain, Mudassir; Jumani, Awais Khan; Ayub, Rukhsar; Estrela, Vania V.; Terziev, Andrey (2025). 41–61.
Inference and applications of ancestral recombination graphs. Nielsen, Rasmus; Vaughn, Andrew H.; Deng, Yun (2025). 26(1) 47–58.

Ancestral recombination graphs (ARGs) summarize the complex genealogical relationships between individuals represented in a sample of DNA sequences. Their use is currently revolutionizing the field of population genetics and is leading to the development of powerful new methods to elucidate individual and population genetic processes, including population size history, migration, admixture, recombination, mutation and selection. In this Review, we introduce the readers to the structure of ARGs and discuss how they relate to processes such as recombination and genetic drift. We explore differences and similarities between methods of estimating ARGs and provide concrete illustrative examples of how ARGs can be used to elucidate population-level processes.
A Novel Stable Path Selection Algorithm for Enhancing Qos and Network Lifetime in RPL-Contiki-based IoT Networks. BOUKHOBZA, Mohamed Achref; ROUISSAT, Mehdi; BELKHEIR, Mohammed; MOKADDEM, Allel; LORENZ, Pascal (2025). 17(1) 81–99.

The Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates real-time connectivity of objects, allowing for access from anywhere at any time. For IoT Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) has been introduced. In RPL-based topologies, the rank of nodes reflects their positions within the network, calculated by adding the rank of a node's preferred parent to the link metric between them. However, due to inaccuracies in assigning link metric values to neighboring nodes, frequent changes in preferred parent selection occur, resulting in significant control overhead, increased energy consumption, higher latency, and degraded Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). This paper presents an optimized path selection method that ensures the most stable and optimal choice of preferred parents for nodes. Using the Cooja simulator under various network densities, the proposed approach demonstrates a 73% reduction in preferred parent changes, a 49% decrease in control overhead, and a 50% reduction in total energy consumption. Additionally, it improves PDR by 46% and reduces latency by 2.81 seconds.
Performance of Aloha-Q with Adaptive Transmission Probability Sakakibara, Katsumi (N. Meghanathan, ed.) (2025). (Vol. 17) IJCNC, Lepizig.

We propose incorporation of adaptive transmission probability to ALOHA-Q, which is a framed slotted ALOHA-based random access protocol ingeniously integrating Q-learning for slot selection in a frame. The transmission probability is also adaptively controlled based on Q-learning. Performance of the proposed protocol is confirmed by means of computer simulation. Numerical results show that the proposed protocol can mitigate performance degradation of ALOHA-Q under overloaded traffic condition and exhibits comparable performance to ALOHA-Q for moderate traffic condition.
Enhancing Congestion Control using a Load-Balanced Routing Algorithm for Distributed Networks Kumar, Jogendra in Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur, (N. Meghanathan, ed.) (2025). (Vol. 17) Lepizig.

Ad hoc networks frequently encounter congestion due to packet loss, link failures, and limited bandwidth. These issues lead to significant energy and time expenditures for congestion recovery, ultimately degrading network performance. Various techniques exist to mitigate the effects of congestion, and this paper introduces a novel routing protocol named Load-Balanced Congestion-Adaptive Routing (LBCAR) protocol, which incorporates a random route point model in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. The paper promotes an adaptive load-balanced routing approach combined with congestion control. A hybrid protocol is proposed to address congestion control and achieve optimal performance. The algorithm integrates metrics such as traffic density, routing path lifetime, and link failure detection to enhance network performance. The results of the proposed approach are compared with those of other routing protocols to assess its effectiveness.
A Novel Chaining-Based Indirect Addressing Mode in a Vertical Vector Processor. Gesper, Sven; Köhler, Daniel; Thieu, Gia Bao; Homann, Jasper; Meinl, Frank; Blume, Holger; Payá-Vayá, Guillermo L. Carro, F. Regazzoni, C. Pilato (eds.) (2025). 167–182.

Efficient processing architectures for irregular data patterns require vector element addressing with flexible indices. Therefore, state-of-the-art SIMD vector extensions implement gather and scatter instructions for indexed addressing of data in memory. In vertical vector processors, different data is processed sequentially in parallel lanes and can be exchanged via chaining. This paper proposes an extension of such chaining mechanisms in a vertical vector processor architecture (V2PRO) to flexibly chain not only data but also address offsets between vector lanes. The indirect addressing enables vector access patterns with irregular strides for both register file and memory. The extension has a low hardware overhead of +4.8 % lookup tables and +1.8% registers on a Xilinx Ultrascale+ FPGA. A runtime evaluation for two applications from computer vision, namely Deformable Convolutions and point cloud encoding with PointPillars, demonstrates speedups of at least an order of magnitude with the proposed extension.
NanoSoftController: A Minimal Soft Processor for System State Control in FPGA Systems. Weißbrich, Moritz; Seidlitz, Germain; Payá-Vayá, Guillermo L. Carro, F. Regazzoni, C. Pilato (eds.) (2025). 246–261.

In many FPGA-based systems, only sequential system control structures modeled by finite state machines are actually required. In order to deal with complexity, design time, and verification issues, which are weaknesses of traditional hardware description languages, it may be preferred to describe the control flow behaviorally in software. However, it is reported that high-level synthesis for FPGA often generates inferior results in terms of resources and performance when translating software-style control flow description to hardware. In this paper, the NanoSoftController is proposed as an open-source soft processor, which is optimized for minimal and efficient logic resource usage on FPGA platforms. It is targeted at processing sequential finite state machine functionality in software, featuring a compact ISA for control flow in embedded systems and a tiny accumulator-based data path. Furthermore, an efficient mapping of memory to small distributed LUT RAM instances enables its use as a system state machine controller in even very resource-constrained FPGA designs, requiring only 104 slice LUTs and 76 slice registers in total. However, despite all optimizations, in a case study with high-level synthesis results of three reference software-style control applications, i.e., electronic door lock, smart glucose sensor, and sequential sensor network node, a better resource efficiency could not be shown. We evaluate the negative results and provide lessons we learned from them.
ChatGPT and Beyond: Exploring the Responsible Use of Generative AI in the Workplace: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Söllner, M.; Arnold, T.; Benlian, A.; Bretschneider, U.; Knight, C.; Ohly, S. (2025). 1–15.
Higher-rank spin liquids and spin nematics from competing orders in pyrochlore magnets. Francini, Niccolò; Janssen, Lukas; Lozano-Gómez, Daniel (2025). 111(8) 085140.
Local Digital Practices, Worldwide. Ochs, Carsten H. Friese, M. Nolden (eds.) (2025).
The Private Sphere, Privacy, and Digitization. Ochs, Carsten H. Friese, M. Nolden (eds.) (2025).
Special Issue ‘Frictions: Conflicts, Controversies and Design Alternatives in Digital Valuation’. Digital Culture & Society (DCS) Burkhardt, Marcus; Kropf, Jonathan; Ochs, Carsten; Seitz, Tatjana (2025). (Vol. 9) transcript, Bielefeld.
Constructed Wetlands: A Sustainable Technology for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in 21st Century Agriculture. Mota, Gabriela Petroceli; Souza, Glacielen Ribeiro de; Quintanilha-Peixoto, Gabriel; Gaete, Analyze Villanueva; Estrela, Vania V.; Intorne, Aline Chaves (2025). 62–89.
The Smart Agricultural Revolution Across Global Nations — A Technological Perspective. Aroma, R. Jenice; Joy, Emmanuel; Raimond, Kumudha; Andreopoulos, Nikolaos; Estrela, Vania V.; Terziev, Andrey (2025). 153–172.
Intelligent Designs, Innovations and Sustainability in Agriculture 4.0 Deshpande, Anand B.; Estrela, Vania V.; Khan, Asiya (2025). (1st ed., Vol. 1) CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.

Feeding an expanding population in light of environmental preservation and keeping production lean is a considerable challenge. Sustainable and Precise Agriculture relying on Industry 4.0 (Agri4) points toward creating strategic collaborations, innovations, and alternative approaches to old concerns, and incorporating solutions from other expertise domains. It requires intensive efforts from governments, investors, investigators, and developers. These initiatives address many problems while connecting more agrarians and their communities. Agri4 entails key agribusiness developments, viz. precision agriculture, biotech, IoT, and Big Data, to augment efficiency in dealing with growing population and climate change. Agri4 is likely to yield improvements such as sustainable practices education, environmental residue reduction, seed improvement, and traditional agricultural knowledge usage, among others. It promotes sustainable food production, community development, and scientific literacy by fostering effective natural resource administration. This book explores the transformative impact of Agriculture 4.0, guiding readers through the integration of digital technologies and sustainable practices into modern farming. It discusses how innovations like AI and the IoT are revolutionizing agriculture, enhancing connectivity, precision, and ecological awareness. The intended readers of the book include agricultural professionals, researchers, tech innovators, policymakers, and students. It caters to those interested in the convergence of modern technology and farming, particularly in advancing sustainable practices and understanding the future of agriculture in the digital age.
Ballistic conductance with and without disorder in a boundary-driven XXZ spin chain. McRoberts, Adam J.; Moessner, Roderich (2025). 18 015.

Motivated by recent experiments on Google's sycamore NISQ platform on the spin transport resulting from a non-unitary periodic boundary drive of an XXZ chain, we study a classical variant thereof by a combination of analytical and numerical means. We find the classical model reproduces the quantum results in remarkable detail, and provides an analytical handle on the nature and shape of the spin transport's three distinct regimes: ballistic (easy-plane), subdiffusive (isotropic) and insulating (easy-axis). Further, we show that this phenomenology is remarkably robust to the inclusion of bond disorder -- albeit that the transient dynamics approaching the steady states differs qualitatively between the clean and disordered cases -- providing an accessible instance of ballistic transport in a disordered setting.
Floquet-Bloch manipulation of the Dirac gap in a topological antiferromagnet. Bielinski, Nina; Chari, Rajas; May-Mann, Julian; Kim, Soyeun; Zwettler, Jack; Deng, Yujun; Aishwarya, Anuva; Roychowdhury, Subhajit; Shekhar, Chandra; Hashimoto, Makoto; Lu, Donghui; Yan, Jiaqiang; Felser, Claudia; Madhavan, Vidya; Shen, Zhi-Xun; Hughes, Taylor L.; Mahmood, Fahad (2025).

Floquet--Bloch manipulation, achieved by driving a material periodically with a laser pulse, is a method that enables the engineering of electronic and magnetic phases in solids by effectively modifying the structure of their electronic bands. However, the application of Floquet--Bloch manipulation in topological magnetic systems, particularly those with inherent disorder, remains largely unexplored. Here we realize Floquet--Bloch manipulation of the Dirac surface-state mass of the topological antiferromagnet MnBi2Te4. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we show that opposite helicities of mid-infrared circularly polarized light result in substantially different Dirac mass gaps in the antiferromagnetic phase, despite the equilibrium Dirac cone being massless. We explain our findings in terms of a Dirac fermion with a random mass. Our results underscore Floquet--Bloch manipulation as a powerful tool for controlling topology, even in the presence of disorder, and for uncovering properties of materials that may elude conventional probes.
Nach dem Ende der Regierungskoalition: Offene Gesetzesvorhaben im Digital- und Datenrecht und Ausblick auf die nächste Legislaturperiode. Horstmann, Jan (2025). (1) 01104.
The Idiot’s Guide to Effective Population Size. Waples, Robin S. (2025). n/a(n/a) e17670.

ABSTRACT This is a reference manual for the elegant, yet hideously complex concept of effective population size (Ne), inspired by a classic, self-published manual of automotive repair ‘for the compleat idiot’. The Guide is timely, given the recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, where 196 Parties committed to tracking genetic diversity—and estimating Ne—for all species. Ne is a human construct, but a useful one that allows us to capture diverse aspects of an organism's biology in a single number. The Guide collates in one location factual information about effective population size, with a focus on topics of practical relevance to scientists and managers studying real populations; it covers definition, computation and estimation of effective size, both demographically and genetically. As appropriate, the reader is directed to other primary sources for more details. A ‘Don't Do These Things’ section lists several ill-advised approaches to dealing with Ne, and an Appendix provides useful tools and practical suggestions for interested users. A special section considers both possibilities and challenges presented by the genomics revolution. Availability of vast numbers of genetic markers increases precision, but less than some might think, and simultaneously introduces new challenges involving filtering and bioinformatics processing. As annotated genomes become more common for non-model species, opportunities are opened to address qualitatively different questions, including reconstructing historical changes in Ne through time.
Innovative approach to achieving polarization dependent highly directional nanolasers through propagating states in diverse plasmonic lattices. Lv, Fanzhou; Zheng, Yan; Wang, Yi; Wie, Hao; Tang, Min; Ma, Libo; Vaynzof, Yana; Wang, Wenxin (2025). 2412315.

With their extremely small mode volumes, excellent field enhancement, and low radiative loss, metallic nanoparticle arrays supporting plasmonic lattice resonances have emerged as a potential design for on-chip plasmonic lasers. Due to the similarities between photonic crystals and plasmonic lattices in terms of structural features and energy band structure, the properties of plasmonic lattice-based nanolasers, including low threshold, lasing wavelength, coherence, directionality, and polarization, can be designed using band structure computations. Here 2D plasmonic lattices of Al nanocone arrays (NCAs) are presented, supporting narrow linewidth resonances that provide optical feedback for the stimulated emission process of optically pumped Rhodamine 6G (R6G). Remarkably, highly directional nanoscale lasing with polarization dependence at red-light wavelengths is presented by the artificially predesigned plasmonic band structure at the propagating state with different lattice symmetries and enables effective coupling with quantum emitters at various wavelengths. Furthermore, the lasing dynamics in these structures are also investigated, employing a dynamic semi-quantum approach that considers both stimulated and spontaneous emission. These findings broaden the lasing characteristics diversity in plasmonic nanoparticle arrays and provide a simple framework for presenting promising prospects for the management and operation of on-chip nanoscale laser sources.
Lingering times at resonance: The case of Sb-based tunneling devices. Guarin Castro, E. D.; Pfenning, A.; Hartmann, F.; Naranjo, A.; Knebl, G.; Teodoro, M. D.; Marques, G. E.; Höfling, S.; Bastard, G.; Lopez-Richard, V. (2025). 23(1) 014051.

Concurrent natural time scales related to relaxation, recombination, trapping, and drifting processes rule the semiconductor heterostructures' response to external drives when charge carrier fluxes are induced. This paper highlights the role of stoichiometry not only for the quantitative tuning of the electron-hole dynamics but also for significant qualitative contrasts of time-resolved optical responses during the operation of resonant tunneling devices. Therefore, similar device architectures and different compositions have been compared to elucidate the correlation among structural parameters, radiative recombination processes, and electron-hole pair and minority carrier relaxation mechanisms. When these ingredients intermix with the electronic structure in Sb-based tunneling devices, it is proven possible to assess various time scales according to the intensity of the current flux, contrary to what has been observed in As-based tunneling devices with similar design and transport characteristics. These time scales are strongly affected not only by the filling process in the Γ and L states in Sb-based double-barrier quantum wells but also by the small separation between these states, compared to similar heterostructures based on As.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect for metrology. Huáng, Nathaniel J.; Boland, Jessica L.; Fijalkowski, Kajetan M.; Gould, Charles; Hesjedal, Thorsten; Kazakova, Olga; Kumar, Susmit; Scherer, Hansjörg (2025). 126(4) 040501.

The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in magnetic topological insulators offers great potential to revolutionize quantum electrical metrology by establishing primary resistance standards operating at zero external magnetic field and realizing a universal “quantum electrical metrology toolbox” that can perform quantum resistance, voltage, and current metrology in a single instrument. To realize such promise, significant progress is still required to address materials and metrological challenges—among which, one main challenge is to make the bulk of the topological insulator sufficiently insulating to improve the robustness of resistance quantization. In this Perspective, we present an overview of the QAHE; discuss the aspects of topological material growth and characterization; and present a path toward a QAHE resistance standard realized in magnetically doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 systems. We also present guidelines and methodologies for QAHE resistance metrology, its main limitations and challenges, as well as modern strategies to overcome them.
How Industry 4 Can Reshape Agribusiness: The Meaning of Agriculture 4.0. Estrela, Vania V.; Deshpande, Anand; Intorne, Aline Chaves; Khan, Asiya; Kulkarni, Dhanashree; Yin, Shoulin; Andreopoulos, Nikolaos (2025). 1–20.
Intelligent Designs, Innovations and Sustainability in Agriculture 4.0 Deshpande, Anand B.; Estrela, Vania V.; Khan, Asiya (A. B. Deshpande; V. V. Estrela; A. Khan, eds.) (2025). (1st ed., Vol. 1) CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.

Feeding an expanding population in light of environmental preservation and keeping production lean is a considerable challenge. Sustainable and Precise Agriculture relying on Industry 4.0 (Agri4) points toward creating strategic collaborations, innovations, and alternative approaches to old concerns, and incorporating solutions from other expertise domains. It requires intensive efforts from governments, investors, investigators, and developers. These initiatives address many problems while connecting more agrarians and their communities. Agri4 entails key agribusiness developments, viz. precision agriculture, biotech, IoT, and Big Data, to augment efficiency in dealing with growing population and climate change. Agri4 is likely to yield improvements such as sustainable practices education, environmental residue reduction, seed improvement, and traditional agricultural knowledge usage, among others. It promotes sustainable food production, community development, and scientific literacy by fostering effective natural resource administration. This book explores the transformative impact of Agriculture 4.0, guiding readers through the integration of digital technologies and sustainable practices into modern farming. It discusses how innovations like AI and the IoT are revolutionizing agriculture, enhancing connectivity, precision, and ecological awareness. The intended readers of the book include agricultural professionals, researchers, tech innovators, policymakers, and students. It caters to those interested in the convergence of modern technology and farming, particularly in advancing sustainable practices and understanding the future of agriculture in the digital age.
Intelligent Designs, Innovations and Sustainability in Agriculture 4.0 Deshpande, Anand B.; Estrela, Vania V.; Khan, Asiya (A. B. Deshpande; V. V. Estrela; A. Khan, eds.) (2025). (1st ed., Vol. 1) CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.

Feeding an expanding population in light of environmental preservation and keeping production lean is a considerable challenge. Sustainable and Precise Agriculture relying on Industry 4.0 (Agri4) points toward creating strategic collaborations, innovations, and alternative approaches to old concerns, and incorporating solutions from other expertise domains. It requires intensive efforts from governments, investors, investigators, and developers. These initiatives address many problems while connecting more agrarians and their communities. Agri4 entails key agribusiness developments, viz. precision agriculture, biotech, IoT, and Big Data, to augment efficiency in dealing with growing population and climate change. Agri4 is likely to yield improvements such as sustainable practices education, environmental residue reduction, seed improvement, and traditional agricultural knowledge usage, among others. It promotes sustainable food production, community development, and scientific literacy by fostering effective natural resource administration. This book explores the transformative impact of Agriculture 4.0, guiding readers through the integration of digital technologies and sustainable practices into modern farming. It discusses how innovations like AI and the IoT are revolutionizing agriculture, enhancing connectivity, precision, and ecological awareness. The intended readers of the book include agricultural professionals, researchers, tech innovators, policymakers, and students. It caters to those interested in the convergence of modern technology and farming, particularly in advancing sustainable practices and understanding the future of agriculture in the digital age.
Machine-learning approach to understanding ultrafast carrier dynamics in the three-dimensional Brillouin zone of PtBi$$_\mathbf2$$. Majchrzak, Paulina; Sanders, Charlotte; Zhang, Yu; Kuibarov, Andrii; Suvorov, Oleksandr; Springate, Emma; Kovalchuk, Iryna; Aswartham, Saicharan; Shipunov, Grigory; Büchner, Bernd; Yaresko, Alexander; Borisenko, Sergey; Hofmann, Philip (2025). 7(1) 013025.
Krylov complexity and Trotter transitions in unitary circuit dynamics. Suchsland, Philippe; Moessner, Roderich; Claeys, Pieter W. (2025). 111(1) 014309.

We investigate many-body dynamics where the evolution is governed by unitary circuits through the lens of `Krylov complexity', a recently proposed measure of complexity and quantum chaos. We extend the formalism of Krylov complexity to unitary circuit dynamics and focus on Floquet circuits arising as the Trotter decomposition of Hamiltonian dynamics. For short Trotter steps the results from Hamiltonian dynamics are recovered, whereas a large Trotter step results in different universal behavior characterized by the existence of local maximally ergodic operators: operators with vanishing autocorrelation functions, as exemplified in dual-unitary circuits. These operators exhibit maximal complexity growth, act as a memoryless bath for the dynamics, and can be directly probed in current quantum computing setups. These two regimes are separated by a crossover in chaotic systems. Conversely, we find that free integrable systems exhibit a nonanalytic transition between these different regimes, where maximally ergodic operators appear at a critical Trotter step.
Short and long-range magnetic ordering and emergent topological transition in (Mn$$_\mathbf1-x$$Ni$$_\mathbfx$$)$$_\mathbf2$$P$$_\mathbf2$$S$$_\mathbf6$$. Khan, Nasaru; Kumar, Deepu; Semwal, Shantanu; Shemerliuk, Yuliia; Büchner, Bernd; Pal, Koushik; Aswartham, Saicharan; Kumar, Pradeep (2025). 15(1) 4438.

Two-dimensional magnetic materials with tunable physical parameters are emerging as potential candidates for topological phenomena as well as applications in spintronics. The famous Mermin-Wagner theorem states that spontaneous spin symmetry cannot be broken at finite temperature in low dimensional magnetic systems which forbids the possibility of a transition to a long-range ordered state in a two-dimensional magnetic system at finite temperature. Though, there are some exceptions to Mermin-Wagner theorem in particular low dimensional magnetic systems with topologically ordered phase transitions. Here, we present an in-depth temperature dependent analysis for the bulk single crystals of two-dimensional (Mn1−xNix)2P2S6 with x = 1, 0.7, 0.3, 0 using the Raman spectroscopy supported by first-principles calculations of the phonon frequencies. We observed multiple phase transitions with tunability as a function of doping associated with the short and long-range spin-spin correlations. First transition at ~ 150 K to ~ 170 K for x = 0 to x = 0.7, and second one from ~ 60 K to ~ 153 K. Quite interestingly, a third transition is observed at low temperature (much below their respective TN) ~ 24 K to ~ 60 K and is attributed to the potential topological phase transition. These transitions are marked by the distinct changes observed in the temperature evolution of the phonon self-energy parameters, modes intensity and dynamic Raman susceptibility.
Quadrupolar excitons in MoSe$$_\mathbf2$$ bilayers. Jasiński, Jakub; Hagel, Joakim; Brem, Samuel; Wietek, Edith; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Chernikov, Alexey; Bruyant, Nicolas; Dyksik, Mateusz; Surrente, Alessandro; Baranowski, Michal; Maude, Duncan K.; Malic, Ermin; Plochocka, Paulina (2025). 16(1) 1382.

The quest for platforms to generate and control exotic excitonic states has greatly benefited from the advent of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers and their heterostructures. Among the unconventional excitonic states, quadrupolar excitons---a superposition of two dipolar excitons with anti-aligned dipole moments---are of great interest for applications in quantum simulations and for the investigation of many-body physics. Here, we unambiguously demonstrate the emergence of quadrupolar excitons in natural MoSe2 homobilayers, whose energy shifts quadratically in electric field. In contrast to trilayer systems, MoSe2 homobilayers have many advantages, which include a larger coupling between dipolar excitons. Our experimental observations are complemented by many-particle theory calculations offering microscopic insights in the formation of quadrupolar excitons. Our results suggest TMD homobilayers as ideal platform for the engineering of excitonic states and their interaction with light and thus candidate for carrying out on-chip quantum simulations.
Spatial close-kin mark-recapture models applied to terrestrial species with continuous natal dispersal. Sévêque, Anthony; Lonsinger, Robert C.; Waits, Lisette P.; Morin, Dana J. (2025). n/a(n/a)

Abstract Close-kin mark–recapture (CKMR) methods use information on genetic relatedness among individuals to estimate demographic parameters. An individual's genotype can be considered a ‘recapture’ of each of its parent's genotype, and the frequency of kin-pair matches detected in a population sample can directly inform estimates of abundance. CKMR inference procedures require analysts to define kinship probabilities in functional forms, which inevitably involve simplifying assumptions. Among others, population structure can have a strong influence on how kinship probabilities are formulated. Many terrestrial species are philopatric or face barriers to dispersal, and not accounting for dispersal limitation in kinship probabilities, can create substantial bias if sampling is also spatially structured (e.g. via harvest). We present a spatially explicit formulation of CKMR that corrects for incomplete mixing by incorporating natal dispersal distances and spatial distribution of individuals into the kinship probabilities. We used individual-based simulations to evaluate the accuracy of abundance estimates obtained with one spatially naïve and two spatially explicit CKMR models across six scenarios with distinct spatial patterns of relative abundance and sampling probability. Estimates of abundance obtained with a CKMR model naïve to spatial structure were negatively biased when sampling was spatially biased. Incorporating patterns of natal dispersal in the kinship probabilities helped address this bias, but estimates were not always accurate depending on the model used and the scenario considered. Incorporating natal dispersal into spatially structured CKMR models can address the bias created by population structure and heterogeneous sampling but will often require additional assumptions and auxiliary data (e.g. relative abundance indices). The models shown here were designed for terrestrial species with continuous patterns of natal dispersal and high year-to-year site fidelity but could be extended to other species.
The Political Consequences of Work: An Integrative Review. Selenko, Eva; Schilbach, Miriam; Brieger, Steven A.; Van Hootegem, Anahí; De Witte, Hans (2025).

Work experiences and political participation outside work are intrinsically linked. Management scholars have acknowledged the role that organizations play in shaping political behavior from a firm-level perspective, but the specific working conditions and how they translate into employee political participation and attitudes outside work remain poorly understood. This paper offers an interdisciplinary review of the empirical literature from the past 25 years across the management and political science disciplines. It examines how individual work-related experiences (broadly categorized into job content, working environment, employment characteristics, and social relations at work) relate to political engagement outside of work: political participation, political attitudes, political trust, and political values. The results show that enabling work experiences (e.g., more skill use, autonomy, higher income, more social interactions) and experiences that caused grievances (e.g., more job or financial insecurity) were both related to more political participation but differed in their effect on political trust and regarding political attitudes on economic and cultural issues. We also review the main theoretical explanations and consolidate contradictions. Finally, we propose a future research agenda, calling for the expansion of theoretical lenses, a focus on individual-level explanatory mechanisms, and more multilevel research.
Intelligent Designs, Innovations and Sustainability in Agriculture 4.0 Deshpande, Anand B.; Estrela, Vania V.; Khan, Asiya (2025). (1st ed., Vol. 1) CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.

Feeding an expanding population in light of environmental preservation and keeping production lean is a considerable challenge. Sustainable and Precise Agriculture relying on Industry 4.0 (Agri4) points toward creating strategic collaborations, innovations, and alternative approaches to old concerns, and incorporating solutions from other expertise domains. It requires intensive efforts from governments, investors, investigators, and developers. These initiatives address many problems while connecting more agrarians and their communities. Agri4 entails key agribusiness developments, viz. precision agriculture, biotech, IoT, and Big Data, to augment efficiency in dealing with growing population and climate change. Agri4 is likely to yield improvements such as sustainable practices education, environmental residue reduction, seed improvement, and traditional agricultural knowledge usage, among others. It promotes sustainable food production, community development, and scientific literacy by fostering effective natural resource administration. This book explores the transformative impact of Agriculture 4.0, guiding readers through the integration of digital technologies and sustainable practices into modern farming. It discusses how innovations like AI and the IoT are revolutionizing agriculture, enhancing connectivity, precision, and ecological awareness. The intended readers of the book include agricultural professionals, researchers, tech innovators, policymakers, and students. It caters to those interested in the convergence of modern technology and farming, particularly in advancing sustainable practices and understanding the future of agriculture in the digital age.
Intelligent Designs, Innovations and Sustainability in Agriculture 4.0 Deshpande, Anand B.; Estrela, Vania V.; Khan, Asiya (A. B. Deshpande; V. V. Estrela; A. Khan, eds.) (2025). (1st ed., Vol. 1) CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.

Feeding an expanding population in light of environmental preservation and keeping production lean is a considerable challenge. Sustainable and Precise Agriculture relying on Industry 4.0 (Agri4) points toward creating strategic collaborations, innovations, and alternative approaches to old concerns, and incorporating solutions from other expertise domains. It requires intensive efforts from governments, investors, investigators, and developers. These initiatives address many problems while connecting more agrarians and their communities. Agri4 entails key agribusiness developments, viz. precision agriculture, biotech, IoT, and Big Data, to augment efficiency in dealing with growing population and climate change. Agri4 is likely to yield improvements such as sustainable practices education, environmental residue reduction, seed improvement, and traditional agricultural knowledge usage, among others. It promotes sustainable food production, community development, and scientific literacy by fostering effective natural resource administration. This book explores the transformative impact of Agriculture 4.0, guiding readers through the integration of digital technologies and sustainable practices into modern farming. It discusses how innovations like AI and the IoT are revolutionizing agriculture, enhancing connectivity, precision, and ecological awareness. The intended readers of the book include agricultural professionals, researchers, tech innovators, policymakers, and students. It caters to those interested in the convergence of modern technology and farming, particularly in advancing sustainable practices and understanding the future of agriculture in the digital age.
Training Large Language Models to Reason in a Continuous Latent Space. Hao, Shibo; Sukhbaatar, Sainbayar; Su, DiJia; Li, Xian; Hu, Zhiting; Weston, Jason; Tian, Yuandong (2024).
Does Employee Representation Foster Workplace Democracy?. Technical Report (13/24), Jirjahn, Uwe; Kiess, Johannes (2024).

From a theoretical viewpoint it is not clear whether or not works councils contribute to workplace democracy. This study is the first to provide systematic evidence that employees in establishments with a works council experience more democracy at work than the ones in establishments without a works councils. Employees' unionization plays an important moderating role in the link between works councils and workplace democracy. The influence of works council presence on experienced democracy at work is more pronounced and much stronger for union members than for nonmembers.
Translations and Participation. Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives Dinkelaker Jörg; Wenten, Klara-Aylin (2024). transcript, Bielefeld.
EDSA: Leitlinien zur Datenverarbeitung aufgrund eines berechtigten Interesses. Horstmann, Jan (2024). 14(23) 01909.
Digital Interventions for Anxiety Management using AI-Driven Mobile Applications Bakhsh, Mohammed Majid; Saimon, Abu Saleh Muhammad; Khan, A J M Obaidur Rahman in Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur (2024). Lepizig.
Die Zukunft des Konsums. Agenda zur Neuperspektivierung der Verbraucherforschung. Lamla, Jörn; Heidbrink, Ludger; Hohnsträter, Dirk; Loer, Kathrin; Roschka, Jakob (2024).
Die Zukunft des Konsums. Agenda zur Neuperspektivierung der Verbraucherforschung. Lamla, Jörn; Heidbrink, Ludger; Hohnsträter, Dirk; Loer, Kathrin; Roschka, Jakob (2024).
Nachhaltige Intelligenz – intelligente Nachhaltigkeit: transdisziplinäre Forschungsperspektiven. Whitepaper Hornung, Gerrit; Blättel-Mink, Birgit; Helmke, Jan Torben; Döben-Henisch, Gerd-Dietrich; Lamla, Jörn (2024). (Vol. 17)
Künstliche Intelligenz im Hochschulbereich und Datenschutz. Seckelmann, Margrit; Horstmann, Jan (2024). 2024(3) 169–184.
Novel On-Board Data Processing Strategies on Nanosatellite SONATE-2. Maurer, Andreas; Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Schwarz, Tobias (2024).

Reliable on-board data handling is the backbone of every successful satellite mission. New scientific experiments can only be validated, and results obtained, if the recorded scientific data reaches the ground completely and correctly. For this, several special techniques were applied during the implementation of the SONATE-2 mission. Generic communication protocols were defined between all payloads, subsystems, and the On-board data handling (OBDH) of SONATE-2 to reduce the overall complexity of the data management system. With the help of these protocols, the development effort could be reduced, and the data transfers simplified. In addition, this allowed the communication interfaces to be simulated and quickly tested during development with a desktop computer using an OBDH-Simulator.
Arbeitsgestaltung in Zeiten von Digitalisierung und Homeoffice Implikationen für Lernen, Leistung und Work-Life Balance Ohly, Sandra; Bitter, Elisabeth; Harhoff, Nico; Hindiyeh, Alana; Schönne, Paulina; Urner, Lukasz; Sedefoglu, Didem (2024). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
The chiral torsional anomaly and the Nieh-Yan invariant with and without boundaries. Erdmenger, Johanna; Matthaiakakis, Ioannis; Meyer, René; Vassilevich, Dmitri (2024). 2024(12) 149.

There exists a long-standing debate regarding the torsion contribution to the 4d chiral anomaly of a Dirac fermion. Central to this debate is the Nieh-Yan anomaly, which has been considered ill-defined and a regularization artifact. Using a heat-kernel approach, we examine the relationship between the Dirac operator index, the Nieh-Yan invariant and the torsional anomaly. We show the Nieh-Yan invariant vanishes on spacetimes without boundaries, if the Dirac index is well-defined. In the known examples of non-vanishing Nieh-Yan invariant on manifolds without boundaries, the heat kernel expansion breaks down, making the index ill-defined. Finally, for finite boundaries we identify several finite bulk and boundary anomaly terms, alongside bulk and boundary Nieh-Yan terms. We construct explicit counterterms that cancel the Nieh-Yan terms and argue that the boundary terms give rise to a torsional anomalous Hall effect. Our results emphasize the importance of renormalization conditions, as these can affect the non-thermal Nieh-Yan anomaly coefficients. In addition, we demonstrate that anomalous torsional transport may arise even without relying on the Nieh-Yan invariant.
Superconducting penetration depth through a Van Hove singularity: Sr$$_\mathbf2$$RuO$$_\mathbf4$$ under uniaxial stress. Mueller, Eli; Iguchi, Yusuke; Jerzembeck, Fabian; Rodriguez, Jorge O.; Romanelli, Marisa; Abarca-Morales, Edgar; Markou, Anastasios; Kikugawa, Naoki; Sokolov, Dmitry A.; Oh, Gwansuk; Hicks, Clifford W.; Mackenzie, Andrew P.; Maeno, Yoshiteru; Madhavan, Vidya; Moler, Kathryn A. (2024). 110(10) L100502.

In the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4, uniaxial stress along the [100] direction tunes the Fermi level through a Van Hove singularity (VHS) in the density of states, causing a strong enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature Tc. Here, we report measurements of the London penetration depth λ as this tuning is performed. We find that the zero-temperature superfluid density, here defined as λ⁢(0)−2, increases by ∼15%, with a peak that coincides with the peak in Tc. We also find that the low temperature form of λ⁢(T) is quadratic over the entire strain range. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we find that the gap increases from Δ0≈350⁢μeV in unstressed Sr2RuO4 to Δ0≈600⁢μeV in a sample strained to near the peak in Tc. With a nodal order parameter, an increase in the superconducting gap could bring about an increase in the superfluid density through reduced sensitivity to defects and through reduced non-local effects in the Meissner screening. Our data indicate that tuning to the VHS increases the gap throughout the Brillouin zone, and that non-local effects are likely more important than reduced scattering.
The Platformization of Media Structures as a Critical Juncture. A Pragmatist Perspective on Value Mediation by Journalistic Start-ups and Established Publishers. Uhlmann, Markus; Kropf, Jonathan; Horn, Viktoria; Draude, Claude; Lamla, Jörn (2024). (2/2024) 37–49.

Hybrid Cache Design Under Varying Power Supply Stability - A Comparative Study. Wilbert, Nils; Wildermann, Stefan; Teich, Jürgen (2024). 257–269.

As emerging Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies are ever maturing, the usage of such novel memory technologies in embedded systems is becoming increasingly viable. Especially when introduced at the cache level, these technologies can promise great advantages over conventional SRAM technology as they can serve read requests at lower energy and, in applications of intermittent computing, reduce the backup overhead during a power outage. Nevertheless, write accesses to NVMs consume more energy compared to writing to a conventional SRAM. As a remedy, hybrid caches, introducing both NVM and SRAM to the cache hierarchy, can realize trade-offs by minimizing the expected NVM write overhead while still exploiting the NVM read efficiency and non-volatility property. However, these hybrid designs open up a number of additional decisions in the design space, which are examined in this paper. Most notably, the choice of the degree of non-volatility introduced to the cache hierarchy in addition to the choice of a suitable cache replacement policy has not been analyzed and solved systematically yet. By employing simulation-based experiments, we evaluate embedded applications featuring various memory access patterns under both continuous and intermittent power supplies for different types of hybrid cache designs. Our results show how the combination of application and architecture characteristics, in addition to the expected power supply stability, leads to a vast range of hard-to-predict cache effects affecting both performance and energy efficiency. Both the potential and a necessity for automated design tools, including the exploration of hybrid memory hierarchies, therefore arise.